Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association
Assignment: Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each. Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing. To Prepare: Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency. Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation. The Assignment: (9- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation) Develop a 9- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following: Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association. Describe the geographic distribution, academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status of members of the board for your specific region/area. Who is on the board? How does one become a member of the board? Describe at least one federal regulation for healthcare. How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare (e.g., CMS, OSHA, and EPA)? Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain. Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice. How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Required Referances Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84) American Nurses Association. (n.d.). ANA enterprise. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765. Halm, M. A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291 National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001 Sample Expert Answer Understanding regulation of nursing profession is important given the nature of the field. There are different organizations which participate in regulating and advancing the nursing practice, knowing each of the organizations and their roles is important. In the US, there are over 100 boards of nursing (BONs) and professional nursing associations. Understanding their roles will help nurses enjoy the full benefits offered by the organizations. The purpose of this presentation is to provide details on how the nursing practice is regulated and the roles of both BONs and professional nursing associations in regulating and advancing the nursing practice. With the vast number of both board of nursing (BONs) and nursing associations, one can get confused about their respective roles in governing nursing practice. Both of these organizations have clear differences in terms of their mandate which are outlined as follows. Board of Nursing BONs are responsible for regulating nursing practice and protecting the public from unqualified or rogue nurses and ensuring that licensed nurses provide safe and competent care. BONs also do not participate in legislation making including lobbying , instead they only implement the formulated legislation as pertains to nursing practice. BONs are government entities formed by the different state governments and one national board having membership picked from the other state BONs (59 state BONs and one national), Professional Nurse Associations Nursing associations are responsible for advocating for nurses interests and advancing the nursing profession (Benton et al., 2017). Nursing association play an active role in representing their members in legislative process, including lobbying political players to support the interests of the nurses and the nursing practice (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nursing associations are private entities with membership requiring annual subscriptions. The Mississippi board of nursing, currently headed by Alton Shaw (FNP), is a thirteen member board comprising of 2 nurse educators, 3 registered nurses in clinical practice, two of which should have as basic nursing preparation an associate degree or diploma and 1 to have at least baccalaureate nursing degree. Another board member is 1 registered nurse at large,1 Registered nursing practitioner, 4 licensed practical nurse, 1 licensed physician who shall always be a member of the State Board of Medical Licensure, 1 representative of consumers of health services The membership should come from each congressional districts in the State of Mississippi. These rules are as outline in the Mississippi Nursing Practice Act amended in 2016. According to the Mississippi Nurse and practice Act, under the establishment of the board guidelines, for one to become a board member in the Mississippi Board of Nursing, other than the member from the State Board of Medical Licensure have to be appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate. The list of nominees forwarded to the governor for consideration are usually submitted by the relevant nursing associations in Mississippi with each slot in list containing three names for consideration. If such a list is not submitted to the governor, then he/she can make the appointments without nomination The term for members in the board is four years with the term
Students will continue to work on the Community Teaching Project. The Project will be developed throughout this course and include a community
Benchmark – Community Teaching Project – Part 3 Teaching Plan Development Students will continue to work on the Community Teaching Project. The Project will be developed throughout this course and include a community teaching presentation being completed in Topic 5. The Community Teaching Project has indirect care experience requirements. The “Indirect Care Experience Hours” form, found in the Topic 1 Resources, will be used to document the indirect care experience hours completed in the Community Teaching Project and presentation. As progress is made on the Community Teaching Project, update this form indicating the date(s) each section is completed. This form will be submitted in Topic 5. For this assignment, cite a minimum of three sources to complete the “Community Teaching Project – Part 3” template. Please review and incorporate the feedback provided from the “Community Teaching Project – Part 1” template in Topic 1. Students who fail to complete the Topic 2 “Benchmark – Community Teaching Project – Part 3” assignment with a score of 76% or higher will be required to complete remediation. Please see additional directions in the “Topic 2 – Indirect Care Experience Remediation” assignment and document. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance. NRS-425 Community Teaching Project – Part 3 – Sample Answer Section 1: Topic and Learning Outcome Name (GCU Student) Topic: The education topic identified in Part 1 of the Community Teaching Project is primary prevention and health promotion through nutrition education. This topic is highly relevant for the underserved population in the community served by The Family Health Center at West End, where high rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease are prevalent due to poor dietary habits and limited access to healthy food. The nutrition education program will focus on teaching participants how to make healthier food choices, even with financial limitations. Teaching/Learning Outcome Goal The primary goal of the nutrition education program is to equip community members with the knowledge and practical skills needed to make healthier food choices, even when faced with financial or access barriers (Buckner et al., 2021). By the end of the program, participants should be able to understand how to read and interpret food labels, plan nutritious meals on a budget, and identify affordable local resources for obtaining healthy foods, such as food banks and farmers’ markets. The ultimate aim is to promote sustainable changes in dietary habits that can help reduce the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease within the community. Section 2: Learning Assessment and Preparation Readiness for Learning: Two key factors indicating the readiness to learn for the target are motivation to improve health and cultural relevance of the content. Many individuals in the community are dealing with chronic health issues such as diabetes and obesity, which can serve as a strong motivator to adopt healthier behaviors. The awareness of health risks and a desire to manage or prevent these conditions will likely drive their willingness to engage with the nutrition education program. In terms of emotional readiness, individuals in the community may feel a strong sense of urgency to improve their health, especially if they or family members are already struggling with chronic conditions. Experiential readiness is influenced by the fact that many participants may have limited prior exposure to formal health education but possess practical life experience in managing scarce resources. Learning Theory: The Health Belief Model (HBM) will be the guiding learning theory for this presentation (Ooi et al., 2024). The HBM focuses on an individual’s perceptions of health risks and benefits, as well as their readiness to take action. It is particularly well-suited for this nutrition education program, as it allows for addressing perceived susceptibility to diet-related diseases (such as diabetes), the severity of these conditions, and the benefits of taking action by improving dietary habits. Section 3: Teaching Plan Behavioral Learning Objectives, Teaching Content, and Learning Activities Behavioral Learning Objective Teaching Content Learning Activities 1. By the end of the session, participants will be able to correctly identify at least three affordable, healthy food alternatives for commonly eaten processed foods. 1. Educate participants about common unhealthy, processed food options and present healthier, cost-effective alternatives. Include topics such as replacing sugary snacks with fruits, swapping refined grains with whole grains, and choosing lean proteins over processed meats. 1. Conduct a “Food Swap Challenge” where participants are shown pictures of processed foods and must select healthier alternatives from a visual chart. 2. By the end of the session, participants will be able to demonstrate the ability to read and interpret basic nutrition labels, identifying key components such as calories, sugars, and fat content. 2. Teach participants how to read and understand nutrition labels, focusing on serving sizes, total calories, sugars, fats, and sodium content. Explain the importance of these nutrients in managing chronic conditions like diabetes and heart disease. 2. Organize a “Label Reading Workshop” where participants are given food items and their nutrition labels. They will practice reading and interpreting the labels to assess whether the items fit into a healthy eating plan. 3. By the end of the session, participants will be able to create a simple, nutritious meal plan for a week, including breakfast, lunch, and dinner, using affordable ingredients. 3. Provide instruction on meal planning, covering topics such as portion control, balancing macronutrients (carbs, proteins, fats), and how to prepare healthy meals with affordable ingredients. Highlight the importance of incorporating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into daily meals. 3. Facilitate a “Meal Planning Workshop” where
Identify a specific vulnerable population in the United States or from another country
Topic 5 DQ 1 Identify a specific vulnerable population in the United States or from another country. Explain why the population is considered vulnerable. Include the demographic statistics, access to health care, barriers to care, supporting information, and the challenges to health and wellness. How can the public health nurse advocate and support this vulnerable population? Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Vulnerable Population – Sample Answer A specific vulnerable population in the United States is the homeless population. Individuals experiencing homelessness face multiple vulnerabilities, including limited access to healthcare, increased exposure to illness, and higher rates of chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and substance use. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), there were approximately 580,000 people experiencing homelessness on a single night in 2020, and nearly 70% were individuals, while 30% were people in families with children (Batko & Culhane, 2023). Homeless individuals are disproportionately affected by mental health conditions, with about one in four reporting a severe mental illness. Their access to healthcare is significantly limited due to a lack of permanent residence, unemployment, and lack of health insurance, which makes it challenging to receive consistent care for both physical and mental health needs. They also face heightened barriers, such as stigma, poverty, and a lack of transportation, which restricts their ability to seek medical help and manage chronic health conditions effectively. Public health nurses play a crucial role in advocating for and supporting the health and wellness of homeless individuals. Through outreach programs, nurses can provide essential health services in shelters, community clinics, and street locations, ensuring that homeless individuals have access to basic care, vaccinations, and mental health screenings. Public health nurses can also collaborate with community organizations to address social determinants of health, advocating for housing stability programs and increased funding for mental health resources (Foscarinis & Tars, 2024). By conducting health education on preventive care and connecting individuals to community resources, nurses can empower homeless individuals to take charge of their health. Furthermore, nurses can support policy changes by raising awareness about the healthcare needs of homeless populations to local governments and health institutions, advocating for funding to create low-barrier healthcare access points and affordable housing programs that contribute to long-term health improvements. References Batko, S., & Culhane, D. (2023). Homelessness in the United States. In The Routledge Handbook of Homelessness (pp. 413-422). Routledge. Foscarinis, M., & Tars, E. S. (2024). Homelessness in the United States of America: Dreams of a Shining City, Realities of Homelessness. The Routledge Handbook of Global Perspectives on Homelessness, Law & Policy, 257-274. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003274056-18/homelessness-united-states-america-maria-foscarinis-eric-tars Pidgeon, H., McKinney, D., Tan-Creevy, J., Shah, M., Ansari, S., & Gottlieb, M. (2022). Thinking beyond the emergency department: addressing homelessness in residency education. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 79(4), 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.123 Topic 5 DQ 2 For nurses to care for vulnerable populations, it is important to be aware of one’s own cultural awareness and personal biases. Reflect on your own unconscious and conscious biases and how your biases might influence your provision of care. Describe what strategies or best practices can be used to integrate cultural humility in health promotion activities. Identify one or more competencies significant for a public health nurse to be effective in advocating for the vulnerable population. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Cultural Awareness and Personal Biases – Sample Answer For nurses to provide effective and compassionate care to vulnerable populations, it is essential to engage in continuous reflection on personal biases, both unconscious and conscious. Recognizing biases is a foundational step in understanding how assumptions and preconceptions might shape the way we interact with diverse patients, impacting the quality of care we deliver. For instance, a nurse may unconsciously attribute certain health behaviors to a patient’s culture or lifestyle, potentially affecting clinical decisions and limiting understanding of the patient’s individual needs. Conscious biases, too, such as assumptions about socio-economic backgrounds or lifestyle choices, may inadvertently create barriers in patient relationships, reducing trust and hindering open communication (Griffith et al., 2024). Reflecting on these biases allows nurses to recognize and dismantle them, fostering more equitable and empathetic patient care. Integrating cultural humility into health promotion activities requires an intentional approach that emphasizes learning from the patient rather than assuming knowledge about their culture. Best practices include actively listening to patients’ perspectives, asking open-ended questions, and seeking to understand their health beliefs, traditions, and unique needs (Gottlieb, 2021). This approach encourages nurses to view patients as partners in care and to respect their autonomy. One effective strategy is to engage in cultural competence training, which deepens awareness and understanding of diverse backgrounds. Another is to implement the practice of self-reflection as a regular part of clinical work, allowing for adjustments in approach as nurses become more aware of potential biases (Ranjbar et al., 2020). A critical competency for public health nurses in advocating for vulnerable populations is effective communication, as it enables nurses to clearly and respectfully navigate cultural differences, encourage patient engagement, and build trust. By demonstrating empathy, curiosity, and respect, public health nurses can advocate more effectively, leading to better health outcomes and increased patient satisfaction among vulnerable populations. References Griffith, D. M., Efird, C. R., Baskin, M. L., Webb Hooper, M., Davis, R. E., & Resnicow, K. (2024). Cultural sensitivity and cultural tailoring: lessons learned and refinements after two decades of incorporating culture in health communication research. Annual
Identify potential ethical and spiritual considerations and cultural practices that could arise for individuals, communities, and health care providers in the event of a manmade disaster
Topic 4 DQ 1 Identify potential ethical and spiritual considerations and cultural practices that could arise for individuals, communities, and health care providers in the event of a manmade disaster. Describe the significance of a community health nurse’s role in integrating Christian worldview in caring for individuals, community, self, and colleagues during disaster management. Identify one resource available to support self-care management for individuals. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.2, 2.1, and 2.8 The Ethical and Spiritual Considerations and Cultural Practices – Sample Answer In responding to the effects of a manmade disaster, stakeholders like the individuals, communities and healthcare professionals take into account the ethical and spiritual factors, considering the significance of cultural practices to the victims of disaster including their families. One of the consequences of a disaster is that it causes an increase in demand for the health services, driving up demand for the medical resources. With the limited availability of these resources, these stakeholders may struggle with making decisions related to the people to prioritize in allocating resources. Balancing the ethical principles like justice and nonmaleficence or relying on these principles to match the resources based on the patients’ needs can be a challenge (Cuthbertson & Penney, 2023). Given that the trauma that comes with experiencing a disaster can make it difficult for a patient to give consent, providers may face a scenario in which a patient fails to consent to the treatment. This may jeopardize decision-making, and put providers at moral crossroads considering that they have an ethical obligation of reducing harm or saving the patient’s life. While it is important to respect the patient’s autonomy, clinicians and communities may grapple with respecting the patient’s consent especially in a situation in which they refuse treatment on religious ground. The Significance of a Community Health Nurse’s Role In integrating the Christian worldview in the care for the victims of the disaster, the community health nurse performs various roles from emotionally supporting the patient, to preparing a health care plan that takes into account the patient’s spiritual needs (Dittborn et al., 2022). For instance, they may integrate prayer into the health care plan by including prayer sessions. References Cuthbertson, J., & Penney, G. (2023). Ethical Decision Making in Disaster and Emergency Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 38(5), 622–627. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X23006325. Dittborn, M., Micolich, C., Rojas, D., & Salas, S. P. (2022). Ethical Challenges Experienced by Healthcare Workers Delivering Clinical Care during Health Emergencies and Disasters: A Rapid Review of Qualitative Studies and Thematic Synthesis. AJOB empirical bioethics, 13(3), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/23294515.2022.2063996. Topic 4 DQ 2 Describe the impact of climate change on a disaster that could affect your community. Describe the health and safety hazards that would be present in this type of disaster. Based on your assessment, discuss how you would advise community members to prepare for this disaster. Describe one policy that could be implemented to mitigate risk for nurses working during a disaster. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Description of the Effect of Climate Change on a Disaster – Sample Answer Certain disasters can worsen with the climate change. Floods that occur persistently in particular, can get worse with the change of the climatic conditions which may cause the intensity of the rains to increase. With more rains, the floods can disrupt the transport infrastructure, making accessibility of the health facilities difficult. The disruption of the healthcare infrastructure including hospitals due to intense floods can hamper the delivery of the essential health services, exacerbating patients’ health issues. This may in turn cause the surge in demand for the health services (Goniewicz et al., 2023). The Health and Safety Hazards linked to the Disaster Floods can expose populations to waterborne illnesses including cholera. The flood-based debris can expose individuals to the risk of injuries, and for some of those who end up with injuries, healing can take time especially with major injuries. Preparation for the Disaster To prepare the community for the potential spike in floods due to the climate change, I would recommend that the community prepare an emergency plan, describing the information-sharing process, and the safe areas that that people should move to. I would also ask the community members to prepare supplies like food and emergency kit. Because communication is important during a disaster, I would emphasize that they carry their phones with them. These phones can help them receive emergency alerts which can help save lives (Shmueli, Ozawa, & Kaufman, 2021). Training the community members on how to respond is equally crucial. This training covers various areas including emergency response. Policy for mitigating the Risk of the Disaster The proposed policy would require the adoption of a multi-sector approach in which various organizations and public interest groups participate in disaster preparedness training. References Goniewicz, K., Sarker, M. N. I., & Schoch-Spana, M. (2023). Reimagining natural hazards and disaster preparedness: charting a new course for the future. BMC public health, 23(1), 581. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15497-y. Shmueli, D. F., Ozawa, C. P., & Kaufman, S. (2021). Collaborative planning principles for disaster preparedness. International journal of disaster risk reduction : IJDRR, 52, 101981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101981. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. Limited
Identify the social determinants of health (SDOH) that affect families and communities
Topic 1 DQ 1 Identify the social determinants of health (SDOH) that affect families and communities. Describe the impact of health disparities and SDOH on care outcomes. Explain the role of the community health nurse in addressing these SDOH. Describe how the community health nurse can advocate for practices to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 7.2, 9.2 Social Determinants of Health – Sample Answer Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, live, work, and age, and they greatly influence the health of families and communities. Key SDOH include factors such as income, education, access to healthcare, employment, housing, and social support (Healthy People 2030, 2024). For example, low-income families may struggle with access to nutritious food or safe living conditions, while individuals with limited education may face challenges in understanding healthcare information. These factors can significantly affect health behaviors, access to services, and the overall well-being of communities. Health disparities, which often arise from SDOH, negatively impact care outcomes. Disparities may be seen in populations with lower socioeconomic status, racial or ethnic minorities, or individuals living in underserved areas (Healthy People 2030, 2024). These groups may experience higher rates of chronic diseases, lower life expectancy, and poorer access to preventive care. For instance, individuals in low-income neighborhoods may face barriers such as transportation issues, which limit their ability to access healthcare services, leading to delayed treatment and worse health outcomes. Community health nurses play a critical role in addressing SDOH and reducing health disparities. They work directly with families and communities to identify health needs, provide education, and advocate for resources that improve living conditions and healthcare access. Nurses can promote practices that advance diversity, equity, and inclusion by supporting policies that ensure equal access to care and resources for all populations (Hill-Briggs et al., 2021). They can advocate for affordable housing, better healthcare access, and education initiatives that empower individuals to make informed health decisions. Through community outreach, collaboration with local organizations, and policy advocacy, community health nurses can drive change toward more equitable health outcomes for all. Reference Hill-Briggs, F., Adler, N. E., Berkowitz, S. A., Chin, M. H., Gary-Webb, T. L., Navas-Acien, A., … & Haire-Joshu, D. (2021). Social determinants of health and diabetes: a scientific review. Diabetes care, 44(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.2337%2Fdci20-0053 Healthy People 2030. (2024). Social Determinants of Health. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health Topic 1 DQ 2 Develop a nursing intervention for community health goals (local or global in nature) using the nursing process to address any health issue. Select and describe one community resource that can aid in the implementation process of the intervention. Identify two ethical principles to protect the health and safety of diverse populations when implementing the proposed nursing intervention. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 3.1 Intervention for Community Health Goals – Sample Answer A nursing intervention for a community health goal can be designed to address the rising rates of obesity, both locally and globally, by promoting healthy eating and physical activity. Using the nursing process, the first step is to assess the community’s needs, focusing on identifying populations at risk for obesity, such as low-income families with limited access to healthy foods or safe spaces for exercise (Tan et al., 2020). Once the needs are identified, a plan can be developed to educate the community about healthy lifestyle choices, offering nutrition classes, cooking workshops, and promoting local activities such as walking groups. Implementation would involve collaborating with community leaders, schools, and healthcare providers to ensure widespread participation. The final steps include evaluating the success of the program by tracking weight loss, improved dietary habits, and increased physical activity in the target population. A key community resource that could support this intervention is local health departments, which often offer programs aimed at promoting wellness. These resources can enhance the nursing intervention by offering expertise, space for activities, and materials for educational sessions. When implementing the nursing intervention, it is essential to adhere to ethical principles to protect the health and safety of diverse populations (Cheng et al., 2021). One important principle is justice, which ensures that the intervention is fair and accessible to all, particularly marginalized groups who might face barriers to participation. For example, offering free or low-cost classes and ensuring that program materials are available in multiple languages would promote inclusivity (Cheng et al., 2021). Another key principle is autonomy, respecting individuals’ right to make informed decisions about their health. Nurses must provide clear, culturally sensitive information about the intervention. References Cheng, H., George, C., Dunham, M., Whitehead, L., & Denney-Wilson, E. (2021). Nurse-led interventions in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in infants, children and adolescents: A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies, 121, 104008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104008 Tan, S. M., Han, E., Quek, R. Y. C., Singh, S. R., Gea‐Sánchez, M., & Legido‐Quigley, H. (2020). A systematic review of community nursing interventions focusing on improving outcomes for individuals exhibiting risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Journal of advanced nursing, 76(1), 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14218 Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best
Define the epidemiologic triangle and discuss its application to practice
Topic 3 DQ 1 Define the epidemiologic triangle and discuss its application to practice. Develop two or more nursing interventions (excluding handwashing) a community health nurse can implement to break the link(s) within the communicable disease chain. Provide rationale for each nursing intervention. Epidemiologic Triangle – Sample Expert Answer The epidemiologic triangle is a fundamental model used in epidemiology to understand and explain the dynamics of disease transmission. It consists of three components: the agent, the host, and the environment. The agent is the microorganism or pathogen that causes the disease, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites (Liu et al., 2023). The host refers to the individual who can become infected, whose susceptibility to disease can be influenced by factors such as age, immunity, and overall health. The environment encompasses the external factors that allow the disease to spread, such as climate, living conditions, and healthcare access. To break the chain of transmission within the epidemiologic triangle, community health nurses can implement various nursing interventions. One effective intervention is vaccination campaigns. By increasing the immunity of the host population through vaccination, nurses reduce the number of susceptible individuals, thus limiting the spread of communicable diseases like influenza or measles (Xu et al., 2023). This breaks the link between the agent and the host, as fewer people are vulnerable to infection. Vaccination is a preventive measure that not only protects individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall disease burden in the community. Another key nursing intervention is health education on safe food and water practices. For diseases transmitted through contaminated food or water, such as cholera or hepatitis A, educating the community about proper food handling, cooking, and safe water usage can break the link between the agent and the environment (Xu et al., 2023). Educating the public on these practices helps control the spread of disease and empowers individuals to take proactive steps to protect their health. These interventions are critical in preventing outbreaks, especially in underserved communities where access to clean water and sanitation may be limited. References Liu, J., Liu, M., & Liang, W. (2023). The ‘Triangle Model’theory for prevention and control of newly emerging infectious diseases: Definition, characteristics, and experience in China. Global Transitions, 5, 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2023.08.004 Xu, J., Abudurusuli, G., Rui, J., Li, Z., Zhao, Z., Xia, Y., … & Chen, T. (2023). Epidemiological characteristics and transmissibility of HPV infection: A long-term retrospective study in Hokkien Golden Triangle, China, 2013–2021. Epidemics, 44, 100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100707 Topic 3 DQ 2 Distinguish a global communicable disease outbreak impacting community health worldwide that is different from the one selected for the epidemiology paper assignment. Provide a succinct description including its influence on the affected population. Analyze the influence of social determinants of health (SDOH) in disease progression. Provide an example of how Christian worldview can be integrated by a community health nurse when working with a population impacted by the communicable disease selected. Global Communicable Disease – Sample Expert Answer One significant global communicable disease outbreak that has impacted community health worldwide is the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging in late 2019, the virus rapidly spread across the globe, leading to widespread illness, significant mortality, and overwhelming healthcare systems (Advani et al., 2023). The affected population has been vast, encompassing all age groups, though older adults and individuals with pre-existing health conditions have been disproportionately impacted. The virus has caused severe respiratory illness, increased hospitalization rates, and economic hardship due to lockdowns and disruptions in daily life. The progression of COVID-19 has been significantly influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH). Factors such as poverty, access to healthcare, education, and living conditions have played a critical role in the spread and severity of the disease. Individuals living in densely populated areas with limited access to healthcare or inadequate housing are more vulnerable to contracting the virus and experiencing worse outcomes (Salve et al., 2023). In many regions, frontline workers and marginalized communities have experienced higher rates of infection and mortality due to their exposure and limited capacity to adopt preventive measures like social distancing or working from home. A community health nurse working with populations impacted by COVID-19 can integrate a Christian worldview by emphasizing values of compassion, service, and holistic care. This can be exemplified through the nurse’s efforts to address both the physical and emotional needs of affected individuals, while providing spiritual support and encouragement (Salve et al., 2023). The nurse may advocate for equitable vaccine distribution in underserved communities, ensuring that vulnerable populations are not left behind. Additionally, the Christian principle of loving one’s neighbor can guide the nurse in fostering community resilience by promoting health education, supporting mental health initiatives, and offering hope to individuals facing anxiety, grief, or isolation due to the pandemic. References Advani, S. D., Sickbert-Bennett, E., Moehring, R., Cromer, A., Lokhnygina, Y., Dodds-Ashley, E., … & CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. (2023). The disproportionate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare-associated infections in community hospitals: need for expanding the infectious disease workforce. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 76(3), e34-e41. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac684 Salve, S., Raven, J., Das, P., Srinivasan, S., Khaled, A., Hayee, M., … & Gooding, K. (2023). Community health workers and Covid-19: Cross-country evidence on their roles, experiences, challenges and adaptive strategies. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(1), e0001447. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001447 Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. Limited Offer: Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Epidemiologic Triangle: Definition, Application, and Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions for Community Health Practice Introduction Community health nurses face complex challenges in disease prevention and health promotion. Understanding how diseases spread and implementing effective interventions requires a solid foundation in epidemiological principles. The epidemiologic triangle, also known as the epidemiological triad, serves as a cornerstone model for analyzing disease causation and developing targeted prevention strategies. This comprehensive guide explores how to define the epidemiologic triangle, discuss its application to practice, and develop evidence-based nursing interventions that community health nurses can implement to break the links within this fundamental public health model. Whether you’re a
Benchmark – Epidemiology Paper
Assignment: Benchmark – Epidemiology Paper The purpose of this assignment is to discuss concepts of epidemiology and apply nursing theories and research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC websites, all located in the topic Resources, for assistance when completing this assignment. Choose a communicable disease topic from the resources mentioned above or select one from the list below: Chickenpox Tuberculosis Influenza Hepatitis B HIV/AIDS STIs (HPV, herpes, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis) Ebola Measles Polio Foodborne illnesses (E. coli, salmonella, listeria, hepatitis A) Hepatitis C SARS-CoV-2 Monkeypox Dengue Botulism Norovirus CA-MRSA In a 1,000-1,250-word paper, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing to research a communicable disease. Address the following: Provide an overview of the chosen communicable disease with emphasis on mode of transmission and demographic of interest, including whether or not the disease selected is reportable. Apply the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Describe the role of the community health nurse in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention through tasks such as case finding and contact tracing, reporting, data collection, analysis, and follow-up. Identify at least one national patient safety resource or initiative that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the resource or initiative contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease at the point of care. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Identify changes in conditions that might indicate a public health emergency related to this communicable disease. Cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references (e.g., professional health organizations like Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], World Health Organization [WHO], Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS]). Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance. Benchmark Information This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: RN-BSN 3.6: Advance preparedness to protect population health during disasters and public health emergencies. American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 1.1, 3.4, 3.6, 5.2, and 6.1 Expert Answer: Epidemiology of Measles Measles, an acute viral respiratory illness, remains one of the most contagious communicable diseases globally. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings (Bankamp et al., 2024). The disease spreads rapidly in unvaccinated populations, with an alarming potential to cause outbreaks in under-immunized communities. Understanding the transmission dynamics, factors involved in the epidemiologic triangle, and the role of community health nurses in the prevention and control of measles is critical to mitigating its impact. This paper explores measles in terms of transmission, prevention strategies, and epidemiological management, while also examining global implications and public health efforts. Overview of Measles Measles is caused by the measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family (Nwalozie et al., 2023). It is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain viable in the air for up to two hours, making it highly contagious in crowded settings. Individuals without immunity, either through vaccination or previous infection, are at high risk of contracting the disease, especially in densely populated or low-vaccination areas (Sarawarastri, 2023). Measles is a reportable disease in many countries, including the United States, due to its significant public health risk and potential for rapid spread. The disease typically affects children, particularly those under five years old, although unvaccinated adults are also susceptible (Sarawarastri, 2023). Measles is of particular concern in low-income countries with weak healthcare systems, where vaccination coverage is low. Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic maculopapular rash (Sarawarastri, 2023). Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death, especially in malnourished children and individuals with weakened immune systems. The demographic of interest for measles includes children in resource-limited settings, though measles can impact anyone who is unvaccinated. Application of the Epidemiologic Triangle The epidemiologic triangle, a core concept in epidemiology can be used to help explain the dynamics of measles transmission. The triangle focuses on three components of host, agent, and environment. Host Factors In the case of measles, the host is the human population, particularly unvaccinated individuals, infants too young for vaccination, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Host factors such as age, nutritional status, and immune competence greatly influence susceptibility (John & Kompithra, 2023). For example, children under the age of five and those living in crowded, unhygienic environments are at the highest risk of infection and complications. Malnutrition, particularly vitamin A deficiency, increases the severity of measles, leading to higher mortality rates in affected populations. Agent Factors The agent is the measles virus, which is characterized by its ability to spread rapidly in susceptible populations. The absence of the virus in a community is usually due to high vaccination coverage. However, in areas where vaccination rates fall below the herd immunity threshold (approximately 95%), outbreaks can quickly occur (John & Kompithra, 2023). The measles virus is highly infectious, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 12-18, meaning that one infected individual can spread the virus to 12-18 others in a susceptible population. Environmental Factors The environment plays a crucial role in measles transmission. Crowded living conditions, poor hygiene, and limited access to healthcare and vaccines create the ideal conditions for measles outbreaks. Environmental factors that contribute to outbreaks include urbanization, migration, and conflict, which disrupt healthcare services and reduce access to immunization programs (John & Kompithra, 2023). Additionally, seasonal variations also influence the spread of the disease. Role
Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?
Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group? Select an ethnic minority group that is represented in the United States (American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Using health information available from Healthy People, the CDC, and other relevant government websites, analyze the health status for this group. In a paper of 1000-1250 words, compare and contrast the health status of your selected minority group to the national average. Include the following: Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group? What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group? Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors. What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group? Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice. What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why? Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Health Disparity in Arizona’s American Indian Population The unequal nature of the United States (U.S.) as a country is noticeable in the country’s social problems including the health gap, and this gap takes on different forms. The rates of mortality incidences, for instance, differ across the country’s minority and non-minority populations. The former tends to experience higher rates compared to the latter, and one can attribute this to a wide spectrum of factors including the low social and economic empowerment opportunities in minority communities. However, the degree of the health disparity for a state may differ from that of the entire country, and one can notice this when comparing Arizona’s health gap rates to the country’s rates (Isaac et al., 2018). It is important to examine the health of American Indian Population in Arizona in terms of disparities, the barriers, promotion activities, and cultural considerations. Profile of the Minority Group Each U.S. state is diverse, and this is a case with Arizona which has white as well as minority populations including the Native Americans. Compared to other minorities including Hispanics, however, the American Indians are fewer. A high population of this minority population is found in Arizona, California and Oklahoma. These states host 31% of the country’s American Indian population. Based on the statistical data, this group consists of 1.7% of the U.S. population. 1.6 million Teenage Americans who are part of this group are below the adult age. Arizona recognize this group as part of the state’s tribes. This group speak different native languages ranging from the Ponca to Sioux. This together with the education-based barriers can be impediments to access to the care for this group. Currently, the state has a number of American Indian tribes (Liddell et al., 2018). Examples include the Navajo, Hopi and Apache. Most of these tribes engage in spiritual and cultural activities which sometimes may contradict practices of the modern medicine. The Health Gap for the Minority The American Indians face health concerns which other minority groups struggle with. This group is socially and economically disadvantaged. The mortality rates for this population exceeds that of the U.S. by approximately 40%. One can attribute this to the high rates of mortality for this group to the prevalence of the cases of chronic diseases in this group. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) prepares and publishes reports on health, and according to this agency, the life expectancy for this group is below the national level (Adakai et al., 2018). Equally, the quality of life for this group in Arizona is low compared to the national average. Individuals who are part of this group in the state of Arizona are likely to adopt poor nutritional health behaviors compared to the national population. For example, the rates of consumption of the sweetened beverages for this group reached 33%. Averagely, 28% of Americans use sweetened products. Health Barriers for the Minority People who identify as American Indians face various health obstacles which take on different forms. From the cultural perspective, the American Indians have an intrinsic view concerning the relationship between spirituality and health. For example, they would attach certain cultural meanings to the mental health issues, and this may cause a scenario where they do not seek medical care but rather resort to spiritual intervention. This population is socially and economically disadvantaged, and there are high rates of unemployment among members of this group. Equally, the group struggles with high rates of illiteracy (Wille et al., 2017). Due to these social and economic barriers, Native Americans residing in Arizona are struggling with access to care, and because of lack of education, some may not get to learn about the appropriate health behaviors. Equally, there is low political representation for this group, and this poses the problem of lack of advocacy for this group. Health Promotion Activities Native Americans’ health practices intertwine with their spiritual and cultural practices, and
Post a description of your views on whether or not digital inclusion or broad band access should be added as a key area to the social determinants of health
Post a description of your views on whether or not digital inclusion or broad band access should be added as a key area to the social determinants of health Post a description of your views on whether or not digital inclusion or broad band access should be added as a key area to the social determinants of health. Be specific and provide examples that support your position. Explain how electronic health records, mobile health, patient portals, or telemedicine can impact and be impacted by the social determinants of health. Support your explanation with the required or optional resources. Expert Answer Digital Access as Social Determinants of Health The evolution of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) concept reflects the shift in population health needs, and the recognition of the role access to information plays in terms of supplementing preventive care. Unfortunately, only a segment of the world’s population has access to devices of communication, limiting their access to meaningful health information (Benda et al., 2020). This has in turn led to disparity in population health outcomes. However, the inclusion of digital access into the SDOH is contested, with proponents of this idea citing the lack of adequate evidence that shows its actual impact on hampering or facilitating health access. Analysis of the Need for Digital Inclusion in Social Determinants of Health The inclusion of the broadband or digital access as one of the SDOH is crucial because it will compel the individuals tasked with addressing the SDOH to focus on empowering and supporting populations to access health services using the contemporary healthcare technologies. Currently, some of these technologies supplement the traditional care, allowing patients to access health services delivered virtually. For instance, a patient discharge from the hospital may have virtual consultation with their provider, providing them with the opportunity to receive new recommendations on how to manage their health. Including access to the digital technologies into SDOH is equally critical in the sense that it supports the preparation of the populations for a potential disaster (Sieck, et al., 2021). This implies that it helps address the disadvantages tied to the divide in access to pertinent information during public health emergencies. A recent study showed that digital exclusion was associated with higher incidences of Covid-19, with digitally excluded counties recording higher rates of Covid-19 including Covid-19-based mortality compared to counties with established digital infrastructure (Li, 2022). The results of this study highlight the need to expand access to digital technologies, which essentially sustains access to information. Impact of the Social Determinants of Health on EHRs, Mobile Health, Patient Portals or Telemedicine and Vice Versa The usefulness or the impact of the digital technologies on population health depends on education and income, which are some of the SDOH. For one to benefit from these technologies, for instance, they have to be literate and computer literate because ability to read is a prerequisite for successful or effective interaction with communication devices. Conversely, the informatics technologies impact the SDOH in the sense that it addresses the impediments tied to the individuals’ income status. The lack of transport to health facilities, and living in underserved communities are some of the disadvantages that people from low-income families are likely to experience. Additionally, lack of adequate funds may limit individuals from purchasing mobile health devices like wearable devices that take vital data like blood pressure. If patients have access to digital technologies, they would less likely to worry about missing out on essential health services delivered virtually (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2022). Conclusion Reflecting on how access to or lack of access to digital technologies is impacting the delivery of health services, there is need to adopt it as one of the social factors that determine health outcomes among populations. Digital access is tied to other SDOH, and it is imperative that it is considered as a SDOH because it affects other determinants. This implies that even if the other SDOH were to be addressed, divide in access to digital technologies may exacerbate the disparity in access to health services. References Benda, N. C., Veinot, T. C., Sieck, C. J., & Ancker, J. S. (2020). Broadband Internet Access is a Social Determinant of Health!. American Journal of Public Health, 110(8), 1123-1125. Https://Doi.Org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305784. Li, F. (2022). Disconnected in A Pandemic: COVID-19 Outcomes and The Digital Divide in the United States. Health & Place, 77, 102867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102867. Mcgonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2022). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge (5th Ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Sieck, C. J., Sheon, A., Ancker, J. S., Castek, J., Callahan, B., & Siefer, A. (2021). Digital Inclusion as A Social Determinant Of Health. NPJ Digital Medicine, 4(1), 52. Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41746-021-00413-8. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Social Determinants of Health When we talk about health, it’s not just about our physical well-being or the absence of illness. It’s a complex interplay of various factors that influence our overall quality of life. These factors are what we refer to as determinants of health, and among them, the social determinants of health (SDoH) play a particularly significant role. In this article, we will delve into the world of determinants of health, with a specific focus on the social determinants of health and the impact they have on our well-being. Understanding Determinants of Health Determinants of health are the wide array of factors that affect our physical, mental, and social well-being. They encompass everything from our access to healthcare services to our lifestyle choices. These determinants can be categorized into two broad categories: social determinants and health determinants. Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) Social determinants of health (SDoH) refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. These conditions are shaped by various socioeconomic and environmental factors and have a profound influence on our health. SDoH encompass a wide range of elements, including: Economic Stability: Our income, employment status, and economic opportunities
Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper
Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment. Include the following: Outline a current or emerging health care law or federal regulation introduced within the last 5 years to reform or restructure some aspect of the health care delivery system. Describe the effect of this on nursing practice and the nurse’s role and responsibility. Discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes. Explain how these affect nursing practice and describe the expectations and responsibilities of the nursing role in these situations. Discuss professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen and how they are important in responding to emerging trends and in the promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings. Research emerging trends. Predict two ways in which the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next five years in response to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care. You are required to cite a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Trends and Issues in Healthcare Today The US healthcare system has undergone tremendous reforms since it was developed. Some of the laws that have been passed to improve US healthcare include the Affordable Care Act of 2010, HIPAA, Medicare, Medicaid, and many more. These laws have improved the healthcare system and made the role of nurses clear. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment. Current Law The US Congress has passed many laws regarding the US healthcare system. One such law is the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education and Support (CARES) Act of 2019. The law expands and reauthorizes the provisions introduced first in the Combating Autism Act of 2006 (Congress.Gov, 2019). The Autism CARES Act ensures support for prevalence tracking, services, research, and other government activities in the improvement of care among people with autism. The law increases yearly authorized federal spending on autism activities to $369.7 million through 2024. The law aims to improve the entire lifespan of people with autism spectrum (Congress.Gov, 2019). This law was enacted to restructure healthcare delivery among people with autism. It aimed to improve the quality of care provided to patients with autism. The Autism CARES Act will affect nursing practice by promoting evidence-based care when dealing with people with autism. The law provides support for prevalence tracking and research regarding autism services (Congress.Gov, 2019). It affects nursing practice by promoting evidence-based practice and high-quality care services in the treatment of patients with autism. The role of nurses based on the law is to engage in research activities that aim to improve the quality of life of people with autism. The responsibility of nurses is to ensure that people with autism receive care that is supported by research and evidence-based. Nurses are also responsible for ensuring that the added funds are used as intended. The law will also affect nursing practice by supporting the inclusion of knowledge about autism in nursing education. Impact of Quality Measures and Pay-for-Performance on Patient Outcomes Quality measures are significant, especially in nursing practice. For a healthcare service to be of high quality, it should be patient-centred, safe, effective, timely, and equitable (Zarowitz et al., 2018). Quality measures affect patient outcomes by identifying what to be done to improve patient outcomes and provide high-quality care. One of the patient outcomes is patient experience. The nurse can improve the patient experience by providing safe, effective, and timely care. In summary, quality measures affect patient outcomes by providing ways for how nurses can achieve these outcomes. pay-for performance, also known as performance-related pay is a care delivery system where healthcare professionals are paid based on their performance. This delivery system affects patient outcomes by ensuring that healthcare professionals achieve what patients envision from the treatment plan (Kyeremanteng et al., 2019). Pay-for-performance ensure that patients get value for their services. Quality measures and pay-for-performance affect nursing practice by directing how nurses should conduct their duties. The role of nurses in these situations is to ensure that patients achieve the best and high-quality care. Nurses also have the role of working together with other healthcare professionals and patients to provide the best care. For instance, nurses need to work with patients in developing a care plan that fits their needs of the patient. Nursing Leadership and Management Roles Nursing management and leadership are vital in nursing practice. New professional nursing management and leadership roles have emerged to respond to emerging trends in promoting patient quality and safe care in diverse healthcare settings. One such role is education and training. Nurse leaders and managers have the role to educate junior nurses and training them about emerging issues in nursing. Nurses need requisite knowledge to handle emerging trends in healthcare such as covid-19 pandemic and other problems. As such, the role of education is vital in ensuring that nurse knowledge to implement emerging trends (Noh et al., 2020). The second role is policy development. Nurse managers and leaders also have the role to develop and implement policies that support emerging trends. One of the emerging trends is the use of electronic health records to manage patient data. Nurse managers and leaders have