Explain the concept of a knowledge worker. Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader
Explain the concept of a knowledge worker. Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader Explain the concept of a knowledge worker. Define and explain nursing Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar? Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways. In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker. Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. To Prepare: Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources. Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker. Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed. The Assignment: Explain the concept of a knowledge worker. Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker. Include one slide that visually represents the role of a nurse leader as knowledge worker. Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses. Below is the scenario I shared Shift handover is a key tool in ensuring continuity of care The patient handover process in my facility is manual, and much of the data has to be written down in the patient reports. Some nurses in charge of chronic patients, however, feel that the paper work has become too much, yet the patients’ condition are the same (Smith et al., 2018). Ms. Winnie, one of the nurses refuses to write a full patient report for a diabetes patient who has been in the facility for the last three months, claiming that we all know her needs, and we should attend to her without the written continuation instructions. She also claims that she will do the paper work once she finds free time. Before reporting Ms. Winnie to the nurse manager, I happen to realize that what she did was a grave mistake, as it would be a risk to the patient life (Anastasi, 2019). If, for instance, the patient turnover in the facility increases during the night, and the facility hires another group of nurses to help on locum basis, it is likely that the patient whose data was not reported will not be attended to. This can lead to delay in treatment. The involvement of clinicians is essential to developing a sustainable electronic handover system. One of the ways that a physician would use clinical judgement to form knowledge from this experience is examining possibilities. It should be understood that no one ever anticipates or prepares for medical errors (Mosadeghrad & Woldemichael, 2017). However, occurrence of experiences of negligence such as that of Ms. Winnie would increase the chances of medical error. Also, this experience is enough reason to justify the implementation of an automated system. References Anastasi, E. (2019). How to become a locum. Dental Nursing, 15(6), 278-280. Mosadeghrad, A. M., & Woldemichael, A. (2017). Application of quality management in promoting patient safety and preventing medical errors. In Impact of Medical Errors and Malpractice on Health Economics, Quality, and Patient Safety (pp. 91-112). IGI Global. Smith, J. G., Morin, K. H., Wallace, L. E., & Lake, E. T. (2018). Association of the nurse work environment, collective efficacy, and missed care. Western journal of nursing research, 40(6), 779-798. By Day 7 of Week 2 Submit your completed Presentation. Submission and Grading Information To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. Click the Week 2 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. Click the Week 2 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Expert Answer and Explanation A knowledge worker is a person who collects, analyzes, and applies the analyzed information to improve processes or the organization as a whole, and in the case of nursing, to improve patient outcomes. Nurses are considered to be knowledge workers by default. In the nursing setup, nurses are required to collect information from their patients, use the collected information to assess the needs of the patient, evaluate the best possible evidence-based intervention (data) and apply that intervention to better patient outcomes (Bergren & Maughan, 2020). Regardless of the adoption of technology in the collection and analysis of data, it is the nurse leaders and the nursing staff who choose which data to collect from patients, and which information is useful and relevant to influence the intervention given to the patient. Using the words of Peter Drucker, the inventor of the term, a nurse is supposed to apply both “theoretical and analytical knowledge acquired through formal training,” The application of nursing research and appreciation of evidence-based practices further emphasizes the
Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.
Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership Statistical application and the interpretation of data is important in health care. Review the statistical concepts covered in this topic. In a 750-1,000 word paper, discuss the significance of statistical application in health care. Include the following: Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership. Consider your organization or specialty area and how you utilize statistical knowledge. Discuss how you obtain statistical data, how statistical knowledge is used in day-to-day operations and how you apply it or use it in decision making. Three peer-reviewed, scholarly or professional references are required. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Applied Statistics for Healthcare Profession Statistical analysis in the health department helps in decision making and predictions since it gives a trend that healthcare providers can follow to better administer services (Frost, 2021). The information collected from the observations and measurements majorly describe the characteristics of the sample population at hand. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of statistical application in healthcare. Application of Statistics in Healthcare Health statistics are important since they provide information that assists in the allocation of medical resources such as funds that are vital for research purposes. The quality of patient care is hence improved along with better policies and techniques for infection control (Baylina et al., 2018). When analysts use statistical methods correctly, accurate results are guaranteed since this type of analysis caters to errors and uncertainty in the results. In quality control, statistical analysis methods are used to monitor, measure, and maintain the overall value of products. The results obtained in turn help processes such as manufacturing to ensure less wastage and time taken to manufacture medicine. Healthcare providers in this case work to ensure effective goods are produced and services are efficiently offered. In healthcare, statistics help to understand how secure and safe working environments are since they narrow down to the group of workers most vulnerable (Boserup et al., 2020). Given this information, improvements in the areas that are considered dangerous to the healthcare provider are made to ensure good services are offered all around. Health promotion benefits largely from statistical analysis in healthcare since the trends laid down by statistical methods, provide reliable data that greatly assist in the allocation of private and public finances and this affects how research is carried out (Baylina et al., 2018). The statistical analysis method is an important component in the needs assessment sector since budget expenses presented to various governing boards are properly used and can be accounted for. Healthcare leadership can be greatly improved by the use of statistical methods (Fox-Tatum, 2021). Identification of trends and specific trails can ensure leaders being chosen can be relied on by other staff members. Available information on the leaders guaranteed by the help of statistical analysis helps the healthcare organizations to be confident in the success of the healthcare organization. Acquisition and Usage of Statistical Data Acquisition of Statistical Data There are several processes to acquire information that can be used in statistical analysis in the healthcare profession. One of the means is data mining. This is a process of acquiring specific information or data from a large pool of data (Kumar et al., 2019). The process of data mining involves the stages of defining the information, finding the exact pieces of information being sought, and extracting the information from the large pool of data. In this whole process, the information is recovered, merged, managed, and prepared for analysis. The resultant information following data mining is then analyzed and organized in a usable format (Kumar et al., 2019). After this process, patients and the professionals in the healthcare department benefit since the mined information can be refined to finer detail hence improving the overall status of healthcare for both the professional and the patients. Usage of Statistical Data Statistical knowledge can be used day to day in the healthcare profession. With this range of statistical information, individuals can monitor medical expenses on a day-to-day basis, healthcare costs, and hospital statistics. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, statistical data is used by both healthcare professionals and even patients and other individuals to identify the trend of occurrences (Boserup et al., 2020). A lot of statistical issues are vital in the analysis of public health information in the healthcare profession. When it comes to decision-making, statistical data plays a big influential factor. Given that statistical analysis involves the process of collecting data samples, and analyzing the data sample to discover patterns and trends to predict what could potentially happen next, the decision that comes thereof is guaranteed to be well thought through (Kumar et al., 2019). In the healthcare profession, good decisions are a product of good statistics. Having a strong baseline of facts aids in minimizing the risks of healthcare challenges. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper has discussed the significance of statistical analysis for the healthcare profession. Statistical analysis for healthcare professions is vital since it majorly influences how safety, quality, health promotion, and leadership can be improved. With the information obtained through data mining, cleaned, analyzed, and stored, the healthcare profession is guaranteed that information given is purely factual and statistical and how it influences the overall performance of the profession is secure. References Baylina, P., Barros, C., Fonte, C., Alves, S., & Rocha, Á. (2018). Healthcare workers: Occupational health promotion and patient safety. Journal of medical systems, 42(9), 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1013-7 Boserup, B., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare
Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes. In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment. To Prepare: Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies. Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information. Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery. By Day 3 of Week 6 Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples. McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287) Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317) Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338) Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355) Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388) Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449 HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.002 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. doi:10.3390/informatics4030032 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Information Technology Trends Description of General Healthcare Trends The 21st century has been coupled with numerous technological advances that seek to completely revolutionize the face of care. Among some of the biggest trends in healthcare is the use of electronic health records, artificial intelligence, and other more specific technologies such as biosensor tools. According to Cowie et al. (2017), electronic health records are the digital versions of patient charts that make instant availability of information of patients to the authorized users, as well as treatment and medical history of the patient. These electronic health records help in improving the ability of healthcare givers to share patient information and to coordinate the improvement of the patients (Barak-Corren et al., 2017). Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, on the other hand, are computerized simulations of human beings that can perform human functions such as data management, patient diagnoses, and routine medication. AI systems help in ensuring that the human elements of fatigue and making errors are reduced throughout the provision of care. These trends in healthcare have led to a complete change in the face of care. Potential Threats that may be Inherent to the Healthcare Trends While electronic health records help in making patient information instantly to the authorizes users, there is the risk of insecurity of the data, so that it gets to the wrong uses or to the wrong users. Whenever a patient submits their information to a database, it becomes hard for them to assume control over it, especially when some of them are too sick. People who are in teaching hospitals engage in a lot of research that uses patient data, and some of the time, they may not obtain proper consent before using this data (Rao-Gupta et al., 2017). This is one of the threats that jeopardizes the application of this technology in the healthcare continuum. Similarly, AI can be lethal if there is a problem in programming that proves to be challenging to patient outcomes. Potential Benefits and Potential Risks associated with Data Safety, Legislation, and Patient Care for the Described Technologies One of the potential benefits of using electronic health records with regard to legislation, data safety, and patient care is that it is easy to have a track of the usage of information from a system. This means that it would be hard for anyone to use the information for the wrong purposes (Skiba, 2017). A potential risk for the same is the fact that in some of the cases, such as the case of patients who are too sick, it may be hard to coordinate the system with things that require the conscious of the individuals, such as consent on health procedures. Most Promising Healthcare Trends in Impacting Nursing Practice I believe the rise of Artificial Intelligence is the most promising healthcare trend in nursing practice for several reasons. Top in the list is the fact that these technology systems help in reducing the ongoing problem of nursing shortage (Dykes
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.)
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with Source: USAHS TOPIC 1 DQ 1: Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.) as part of a community assessment and why these resources are important in population health promotion. TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Discuss how geopolitical and phenomenological place influence the context of a population or community assessment and intervention. Describe how the nursing process is utilized to assist in identifying health issues (local or global in nature) and in creating an appropriate intervention, including screenings and referrals, for the community or population. Expert Answer and Explanation: TOPIC 1 DQ 1 Population Health Promotion Population health promotion is the process of developing promotional messages and actions that can be used in educating people against certain health issues or prevention. Community health nurses and other community stakeholders, such as church leaders, local political leaders, and NGOs’ have vital roles in ensuring that population health promotion programs successes. Community health nurses are responsible for conducting studies and finding heath issues that ail the community population (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Also, they are responsible for developing promotion models that can be used to conducting health promotions. The community nurses in collaboration with other community leaders can search for funds to support population health promotion programs. The other community stakeholders, such as local politicians are responsible for developing and enacting policies that can ensure the success of health promotions (Watterson, 2017). Stakeholders such as church leaders can provide financial support for running of the health promotion. Appraising community resources, such as religious and nonprofit resources is so vital. Appraising community resources can help the community population understand the value of their resources, and this can motivate them to take care of them. Also, resource appraisal can help community leaders understand how they can distribute funds to run various health promotion programs within the community. Corley et al. (2016) argue that appraisal or evaluation can also help in curbing corruption and misuse of community funds and resources. Community resources should be regularly apprised because they are so vital in health promotion programs. For instance, the resources, such as community halls can be used in holding meetings and seminars during health education programs. References Corley, A. G., Thornton, C. P., & Glass, N. E. (2016). The role of nurses and community health workers in confronting neglected tropical diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(9), e0004914. Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic nursing, 36(1), 12. Watterson, A. (Ed.). (2017). Public health in practice. Macmillan International Higher Education. Alternative Answer and Explanation Role of Community Health Nurse The community is one of the main focuses for community health nurses. The healthcare sector conducts various community interventions which have to factor in a number of issues, the role of a community health nurse is crucial for any event involving the community as they have the necessary medical skills (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). The partnership between the community and the nurse can help create the necessary various roles to be performed by the nurse. For instance, the nurse is skilled and can easily identify issues affecting society and come up with means to offer remedies to these issues. The role focuses on the identification of needs, problems, and priorities for families, individuals, and other members of the community in general (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). Based on the information, the nurse can then formulate intervention plans for a municipal health and implement the plan within the community. The role of the nurse is also associated with appraising various community resources to evaluate whether they meet the requirements for operation. Every community action and resource need to be appraised for various reasons (Egbujie et al., 2018). For instance, appraisal for a nonprofit organization can assess whether the institution has the capacity to deliver on the purpose and whether they are aware of the issues that are being addressed. Appraisal of religious or spiritual groups focuses on the need for the provision of accurate information to the masses and correlates the data with the goals of the community action (NSU, 2017). These resources are important as they provide additional support, personnel, and other key services that are required for a holistic care delivery process. The healthcare sector comprises a number of key players and combining the resources for the betterment of the community. References Bigi, C., & Bocci, G. (2017). The key role of clinical and community health nurses in pharmacovigilance. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 73(11), 1379-1387. Egbujie, B. A., Delobelle, P. A., Levitt, N., Puoane, T., Sanders, D., & van Wyk, B. (2018). Role of community health workers in type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management: A scoping review. PloS one, 13(6), e0198424. NSU. (2017). The Nurse’s Role in Community Health. Northeastern State University Online. https://nursingonline.nsuok.edu/articles/rnbsn/nurses-role-in-community-health.aspx TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Process Community or population assessment and intervention can be influenced by many factors including phenomenological and geographical factors. Geographical and phenomenological factors can influence the financial or budgetary aspect of an intervention or assessment. For instance, a disease that has affected a large geographical area, a lot of funds will be used in implementing or assessing the impacts of the illness (Tan, 207). Different phenomena are solved in different ways. Thus, phenomenological factors can affect an intervention or assessment by determining the methods that will be used in the assessment or implementation of the intervention. Rabelo‐Silva et al. (2017) mention that the two factors can also affect the time of intervention implementation and assessment. For instance, the time that will be spent in implementing an intervention to prevent a disease in a whole country differs from the implementation of the same intervention in a single state. The nursing process involves many actions. The actions include researching, planning, diagnosis, assessment, and evaluation of health-related issues. The nursing process has largely been used in identifying health issues. For instance, nurse researchers have been used to research and identify certain health issues in society. Also, nurses have been used in assessing, evaluating, and reporting health issues to the public and government. Diagnosis is
Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment
Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Discussion: Workplace Environment Assessment How healthy is your workplace? You may think your current organization operates seamlessly, or you may feel it has many issues. You may experience or even observe things that give you pause. Yet, much as you wouldn’t try to determine the health of a patient through mere observation, you should not attempt to gauge the health of your work environment based on observation and opinion. Often, there are issues you perceive as problems that others do not; similarly, issues may run much deeper than leadership recognizes. There are many factors and measures that may impact organizational health. Among these is civility. While an organization can institute policies designed to promote such things as civility, how can it be sure these are managed effectively? In this Discussion, you will examine the use of tools in measuring workplace civility. Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Based on the results, how civil is your workplace? Explain why your workplace is or is not civil. Then, describe a situation where you have experienced incivility in the workplace. How was this addressed? Be specific and provide examples. Assignment: Workplace Environment Assessment Clearly, diagnosis is a critical aspect of healthcare. However, the ultimate purpose of a diagnosis is the development and application of a series of treatments or protocols. Isolated recognition of a health issue does little to resolve it. In this module’s Discussion, you applied the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory to diagnose potential problems with the civility of your organization. In this Portfolio Assignment, you will continue to analyze the results and apply published research to the development of a proposed treatment for any issues uncovered by the assessment. To Prepare: Review the Resources and examine the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory, found on page 20 of Clark (2015). Review the Work Environment Assessment Template. Reflect on the output of your Discussion post regarding your evaluation of workplace civility and the feedback received from colleagues. Select and review one or more of the following articles found in the Resources: Clark, Olender, Cardoni, and Kenski (2011) Clark (2018) Clark (2015) Griffin and Clark (2014) The Assignment (3-6 pages total): Part 1: Work Environment Assessment (1-2 pages) Review the Work Environment Assessment Template you completed for this Module’s Discussion. Describe the results of the Work Environment Assessment you completed on your workplace. Identify two things that surprised you about the results and one idea you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Explain what the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace. Part 2: Reviewing the Literature (1-2 pages) Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Explain how your organization could apply the theory highlighted in your selected article(s) to improve organizational health and/or create stronger work teams. Be specific and provide examples. Part 3: Evidence-Based Strategies to Create High-Performance Interprofessional Teams (1–2 pages) Recommend at least two strategies, supported in the literature, that can be implemented to address any shortcomings revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Recommend at least two strategies that can be implemented to bolster successful practices revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Expert Answer and Explanation Work Environment Assessment Summary of Results – Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory From the Clarks healthy workplace inventory, the results indicated that my workplace is very healthy with a score of 81 according to the inventory ratings (Clark, 2015). Some of the key features that ranked highly included appreciation of collective achievement, teamwork and collaboration, fair and respectful treatment of employees to list a few. The attributes that seemed lacking according to the inventory were improvement of organization culture, a comprehensive mentoring program for all employees, and allocation of adequate resources for professional growth and development. The results from the inventory had most of the items reviewed in the 4 scores (somewhat true). Identify two things that surprised you about the results. Also, identify one idea that you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Before taking the inventory, I was quite sure that my workplace environment was quite healthy but on carrying out the inventory, I found it surprising that some key areas were seemingly lacking which I never considered in my earlier assumption. I also found it surprising that. I was also surprised to find several key areas that could be improved from an organizational standpoint that I would have otherwise overlooked, which are essential in the development of a healthy work environment. what might seemingly seem as a flawless workplace environment may actually have some areas that stain the health of the workplace environment. However, the results confirmed my belief in the health status of my workplace environment which I considered as being favorable. What do the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace? The results indicate that the environment I work in is quite favorable and civil but with some room for improvement. It also shows that the civility experienced is a result of mutual respect for one another and the organizational policies in place that do not tolerate incivility. Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. The theory highlighted in an article by Clark (2015) highlights the aspect of encouraging open communication and conversations within the workplace as a way of developing a healthy and civil environment. The article reiterates that many nurses often fail to engage with uncivil colleagues at times when candid conversations are needed. Others often fail to express their concern of incivility especially when expressed by someone with a higher authority, and such cases at times can prove detrimental to patient outcomes. Therefore,
[ANSWERED 2023] Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain
Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to Policy Regulation Fact Sheet As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise. With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders. In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate. To Prepare: Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics. Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA). Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study. The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page) Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following: Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected. Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation. Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific. Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page. Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work. Expert Answer and Explanation Fact Sheet 21st Century Cures Act Impact on System Implementation This is a bill signed into law in 2016 by former president Barrack Obama. The purpose of the bill was supposed to accelerate medical research and product development through the application of healthcare technology (Gabay, 2017). The act among other things is aimed at; Accelerating research in prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses, for example, through the $6 billion for the cancer moonshot program (Goble, 2018) Hastens research and development of drugs and healthcare technology (Goble, 2018) Combat the current national opioid epidemic Improve efforts to reduce mental health illnesses The act has various provisions that encourage the development and implementation of healthcare systems to enhance patient care and advance medical research. The act bars the FDA from restricting low-risk medical applications used to encourage and maintain a healthy lifestyle, so long as the technology is not used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases (Ronquillo & Zuckerman, 2017). This will encourage the development of such low-risk systems for the benefit of patients. Impact on Clinical Care Procedures and Policies in Place The act has been hailed to have a positive impact on clinical care in the following ways; The act encourages the application of technology in the collection of evidence-based data to formulate clinical interventions. The act also encourages interoperability of systems to enhance efficiency in clinical work (Majumder et al., 2017). The act has also been hailed to increase the funding of precision medicine which is attributed to better patient outcomes. To conform to the act, the organization has put in place the following procedures and policies; A safety policy that safeguards patient information when technology such as EHRs is used to conduct health care research or other clinical activities. The organization has also created policies and procedures to follow when conducting healthcare research within the premise of the facility. References Gabay M. (2017). 21st Century Cures Act. Hospital pharmacy, 52(4), 264–265. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5204-264 Goble, J. A. (2018). The potential effect of the 21st Century Cures Act on drug development. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 24(7), 677-681. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.7.677 Majumder, M. A., Guerrini, C. J., Bollinger, J. M., Cook-Deegan, R., & McGuire, A. L. (2017). Sharing data under the 21st Century Cures Act. Genetics in Medicine, 19(12), 1289-1294. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.59 Ronquillo, J. G., & Zuckerman, D. M. (2017). Software‐related recalls of health information technology and other medical devices: Implications for FDA regulation of digital health. The Milbank Quarterly, 95(3), 535-553. Place your order now for the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Grading Rubric Points Range:77 (77.00%) – 85 (85.00%) A fully developed and detailed Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the policy and regulation selected.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Specific and accurate responses thoroughly highlight in detail the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation selected. Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources. Points Range:68 (68.00%) – 76 (76.00%) A developed Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses explain the policy or regulation selected.The responses explain the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation.The responses explain the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Accurate responses highlight the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation selected. Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources. Points Range:60 (60.00%) – 67 (67.00%) A vague or inaccurate Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses explaining the policy or regulation selected are vague or inaccurate. The responses explaining the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation are vague or inaccurate. The responses explaining the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow are vague or inaccurate. The responses highlighting the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader Many of us can think of leaders we have come to admire, be they historical figures, pillars of the industry we work in, or leaders we know personally. The leadership of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Margaret Thatcher has been studied and discussed repeatedly. However, you may have interacted with leaders you feel demonstrated equally competent leadership without ever having a book written about their approaches. What makes great leaders great? Every leader is different, of course, but one area of commonality is the leadership philosophy that great leaders develop and practice. A leadership philosophy is basically an attitude held by leaders that acts as a guiding principle for their behavior. While formal theories on leadership continue to evolve over time, great leaders seem to adhere to an overarching philosophy that steers their actions. What is your leadership philosophy? In this Assignment, you will explore what guides your own leadership. To Prepare: Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments. Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review. Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits. Download your Signature Theme Report to submit for this Assignment. The Assignment (2-3 pages): Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following: -A description of your core values -A personal mission/vision statement -An analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile -A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen -A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples. Expert Answer and Explanation Personal Leadership Philosophy Almost every popular leader practices behaviors which hinge on their personal leadership philosophy. One’s personal values shape how this behave, and for leaders, leadership philosophy can provide the framework for guiding how they relate with various stakeholders, and how they conduct themselves. An individual’s philosophy does not however reflect only in their behaviors, but in their personal mission statement as well (Khoshhal & Guraya, 2016). It is imperative, therefore, to explore personal leadership philosophy of an effective leader with emphasis on core values, profile strengths and behaviors. Core Values My philosophy for leadership is based on honesty, integrity and open-mindedness, and this philosophy is the anchor for my core values. I believe that a person in position of leadership has to be honest so that they be open in performing their roles. By being open, the leader makes it possible for the followers to be aware of what the leader wants and the approach to pursuing leadership objectives. I also hold in high esteem the ethical principles which guide behaviors, and personally, I feel that every leadership has to be an individual of integrity and set an example to the followers. Besides, I accept divergent views and opinions because this is one of the ways in which individuals can learn (Allen et al., 2016) Personal Vision My personal vision intertwines with my moral philosophy of respect for what others feel and think. People’s cultural identities diverge, and because of the divergence in individuals’ cultural beliefs and values, conflicts can occur while the leader exercises their leadership role especially when working with people with whom they culturally differ. I believe that people in leading positions can prevent organizational conflicts by leading the way in respecting people other cultures and the divergent views. On their part, a leader should strive to found out about the teaching and values from other cultures so that they can involve every follower, irrespective of their culture, in promoting organizational vision (Marshall & Broome, 2017). Clifton Strengths Assessment Reflecting on the outcomes from self-evaluation using the Clifton Strengths Assessment (CSA), I consider myself an effective communicator, an empathetic person and a strategist. While communicating a point, I tend to put together my thoughts and feelings in a way that others may understand whatever I message I convey. I believe that everyone has their weakest link, and for this reason, I tend to express empathy to people who make mistakes, and help them correct these mistakes. As a strategist, I study organizational situations, and apply my leadership knowledge to address any issue which arise in the organization. Behaviors that I wish to Strengthen While exhibit strengths when it comes to executing leadership functions, I need to make adjustments to the way I handle tasks and manage relationships. I tend to lose focus by taking multiple tasks, and I am also poor when it comes to relating with some employees. I always handle more than two tasks at once, and this can be overwhelming for me. In future, I will need to handle tasks, one at a time so that I avoid undesirable outcomes such as failing to properly complete tasks (Duggan et al., 2015). A Development Plan for Improvement of Behavior The intervention plan to change the undesirable behavior integrates various elements including the goals which the plan seeks to attain. In this context, the goals is to learn how to individually handle tasks and manage relationships. The learning process involves using a simulated management activity in which I have to virtually learn how to deal with situations related to handling of tasks and managing relationships. Conclusion In overview, individual’s personal philosophy mirror in how they behave and their core visions. When one is honest, empathetic and respect the views of others, their followers would want to emulate the former’s approach to leadership. Leaders, therefore, have to strive to continuously build relationships with those
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease?
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) The four principles, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, has often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. How would you rank the importance of each of the four principles? How do you believe they would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative? Refer to the topic Resources in your response. Expert Answer and Explanation Principles of Bioethics and Christianity The Christian worldview provides moral codes and guidelines that can be used in making decisions in terms of an ethical dilemma. These codes are the basic foundation on which the Christian biblical narrative is based. Human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and they ought to live with decorum, humility, and respect for life (Vang & Carter, 2021). The principle of bioethics would be ranked differently based on the Christian worldview with the principle of justice and fairness being the first on the list (IEP, 2012). Justice and fairness are important for every Christian since all human beings are the same in the eyes of God. In the healthcare sector, justice and fairness will ensure that each person is provided with the same type of care based on their different illness regardless of social class, gender, or age. The second principle would be beneficence since it embraces the need for doctors to act in the best interest of all patients. Beneficence ensures that proper medication is administered to help the patient recover from the illnesses. The third principle would be the autonomy of the patient. The biblical narrative denotes those human beings were given the will to be able to decide between right from wrong. In this regard, a patient has the right to determine whether they need medical attention or alternative care based on their understanding of the self. The final principle in line with the Christian worldview is the principle of nonmaleficence which addresses the issues associated with the need to prevent any harm to the patient (Aksoy & Tenik, 2002). After all, the necessary care has been administered in the correct manner, the principle of nonmaleficence can be applied to ensure that it informs on the best practice measures to take to help the patient through recovery or prevent further deterioration of the disease. References Aksoy, S., & Tenik, A. (2002). The’four principles of bioethics’ as found in 13th century Muslim scholar Mawlana’s teachings. BMC Medical Ethics, 3(1), 1-7. IEP. (2012). Bioethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Utm.edu. https://iep.utm.edu/bioethic/ Vang, P., & Carter, T. G. (2021). Telling God’s Story: The Biblical Narrative from Beginning to End. B&H Publishing Group. Alternative Answer and Explanation The four principles according to Hoehner (2022) help assist healthcare workers make decisions in ethics. This can be in combination with other tools that we have learned so far. However, it is important to note that Hoehner (2022) also suggests that like other tools, for each person, these four principles may be valued differently, as such, it is important for nurses to have a good understanding of what they mean and how they can be used both personally and professionally. I would rank the principles in order of importance according to my worldview or belief system as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. I do think that respecting a person’s choice is of utmost importance. The principle of autonomy ensures that patients are informed of all care options, it can promote honesty between patients and their health team, and provides support to informed consent procedures (Varkey, 2021). Consequently, I find myself at odds with my own list, as I feel that it is important to do no harm after supporting autonomy, which would be a contradiction if I were to practice a strictly Christian viewpoint. In the Christian view, the principles are listed as beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. I live very close to Oregon where assisted death is legal. This can be seen as murder to some, and a blessing to others. If I help assist a patient with their choice to die in this state because they practice their autonomy, am I not doing harm because I am respecting their wishes, or am I wrong? Or as a Christian, do not assist them, as it would be to cause harm and killing another person? As Hoehner (2022) suggests, using these principles can sometimes blur the lines of your own personal views and respecting patient wishes, and should be used on a case-by-case basis. References Hoehner, P. (2022). Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian values and decision making in health care (Second Edition). Grand Canyon University.BibliU – Reader – Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making in Health Care Varkey B. (2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119 What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications. Expert Answer and Explanation Christian Biblical Narrative The Christian biblical narrative contains four distinct concepts that can be used to elaborate on the nature of God and the reality of life as it relates to sickness, disease, hope, and motivation. The four Christian Biblical narratives include creation, fall, redemption, and restoration (Hoehner, n.d). The creation narrative iterates the abundance of the world from the perspective of how God created the world and everything in it and gave human beings power overall. In this regard, human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and expected to ensure the continuity of life on earth. However,
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Discuss the following: • What is cultural competence? • Are there steps nurses can take to achieve it? • How does it differ from cultural humility? • Briefly describe how a lack of cultural sensitivity may impact patients’ health and well-being and their future encounters with the healthcare system. • Why is it more important to focus on cultural humility rather than achieving cultural competence? Expert Answer and Explanation In the healthcare sector, cultural competence focuses on the ability of a nurse or any other medical professional to be aware of their cultural beliefs and values. Additionally, cultural competence also includes the awareness of how personal culture and perspectives are different from that of others (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). In the case of a nurse, cultural competence focuses on the ability to differentiate one’s cultural beliefs from that of the patient. Nurses can take different initiatives and steps to achieve cultural competence. The most efficient strategy is to interact with patients, improve self-awareness and learn about different cultures within the community. The strategies are key as they will create the needed awareness, and help improve the outcome of care. Cultural competence differs from cultural humility in different ways. Cultural competence encompasses the ability to work with patients from different cultures while at the same time identifying the impact that cultural bias might have on care delivery. On the other hand, cultural humility entails the capacity for care providers to recognize their limitations, assumptions, or challenges when working with other cultures to avoid bias or predetermined patient care (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). When nurses are not sensitive to cultural differences, they tend to provide biased medical care that does not meet patient autonomy. As a result, patient satisfaction is negatively affected. With modernization, care providers are more likely to encounter patients from different cultures which requires the need for cultural competence. Focusing on cultural humility is more sustainable than trying to be more culturally competent as a nurse cannot be able to be aware of different cultures. However, a nurse can identify their biases and adjust their care depending on the needs of the patient through cultural humility (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). Reference Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2018). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 9780826137272. Alternative Answer Cultural competence is the ability to appreciate, interact, and understand others cultures or beliefs that are different from their own (DeAngelis, 2015). “Cultural competence is defined as the attitudes, knowledge, and skills necessary for providing quality care to diverse populations” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p.8). Culturally competent nurses are able to deliver care that values the beliefs of their patients (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Culturally competent care does not just happen; there are steps nurses must take to become culturally competent. To become culturally competent, one must learn who they are first (Clay, 2010). Learn about your ancestors, personal background, be curious, and perform a self-assessment (Clay, 2010). Learn about different cultures by immersing yourself in their literature, language, and customs (Clay, 2010). Become comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings, converse with different religious groups, volunteer at community centers, and make friends with people of different cultures (Clay, 2010). Attend diversity training seminars to collaborate with other professionals (Clay, 2010). If culturally competent training is not offered at your institution, submit a process to formalize educational material for your organization and peers (Clay, 2010). Cultural humility recognizes that bias may occur and nurses need to understand and eliminate their own prejudices (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Healthcare providers need to recognize that their perspectives are influenced by policies that are dominated on the basis of whiteness and maleness (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural humility addresses unconscious biases a nurse may possess and empowers the nurse to work towards eliminating these biases while providing culturally competent care. Cultural sensitivity is having an attitude towards a specific culture or ethnic background and not saying offensive things directed at that background (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural sensitivity can also include the avoidance of particular words, phrases, or categorizations of individuals (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). An example of cultural sensitivity was the removal of the Washington Redskins name from the NFL due to the thoughts and feelings of the Native Americans. Nursing is a trusted profession by the public. Nurses as well as other healthcare providers must provide culturally sensitive care to know how to communicate with their patients and develop professional relationships (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Nurses must understand nonverbal communication, inclusive language, cultural customs, relatable medical terms, and the use of personal touch (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Failure to utilize culturally sensitive care can create unwanted distress for patients and they may fail to seek medical attention when required as a result. Nurses must be able to make their patients feel comfortable in a healthcare setting. Cultural competence is learning to accept and understand other cultures. Cultural humility is recognizing personal biases that may distort your perception of other cultures. Cultural sensitivity is recognizing those biases and behaving in an acceptable way towards different backgrounds. Providing care with “cultural sensitivity and cultural humility are both means to the end being cultural competence” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p. 6). References Clay, R. (2010). https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. DeAngelis, T. (2015, March). In search of cultural competence. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/03/cultural-competence. Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2019). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships. (2019, July 11). Minority Nurse. https://minoritynurse.com/the-role-of-cultural-sensitivity-in-building-patient-relationships/. Module 1 Assignment Assignment Description: Part 1: For this assignment, conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay. To understand culture and cultural diversity, you must understand your own culture and beliefs. Utilizing the Staircase Self-Assessment Model as a means of determining your level of cultural competency, write a 1250 to 1500-word essay outlining the six stages: cultural destructiveness, cultural
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook. Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis 1” template. Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1,” for an example of an article analysis. Expert Answer and Explanation Article Analysis-Quantitative Research in Healthcare The three different health care articles from GCU that use quantitative research include the following: Article Citation and Permalink (APA format) Solvik, E., & Struksnes, S. (2018). Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice. Nursing Research and Practice, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8984028 Wong, H., Karaca, Z., & Gibson, T. B. (2018). A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 004695801880090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018800906 Point Description Description Broad Topic Area/Title Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs Identify Independent and Dependent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables Independent variable: Training nursing skills Dependent variable: Nursing students experience before and after clinical practice Independent variable: Hospital costs Dependent variable: Physician influence on hospital costs The population of Interest for the Study The population of the study involved nursing students in their first year of bachelor’s program. The population entailed both female and male students. The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2008 State Inpatient Databases(SID) for Arizona and Florida. The target population in these states was physicians. Sample For the sampling, 160 students participated. They were divided into two classes whereby class 1 (N=79) was identified as the control group, and class 2 (N=81)was the project group. Samples were collected from various hospitals in 2 states with over 15,237 physicians. These were Arizona and Florida, where the research and 2.5 million hospital visits. Sampling Method The implemented sampling method was the use of questionnaires to be filled out by each student before submission. These questionnaires were answered in six-month intervals, one after the training session and the second after the clinical practice. The questionnaires were also coded with numbers such that the numbers represented a specific student and the class affiliation. The hierarchy model or framework was applied to collect and analyze the samples on the number of variations attributed to physicians’ characteristics on the hospitalization cost. The sampling method was designed to control physician characteristics, patient demographics, clinical risks, hospital attributes, and socioeconomic traits. Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode; Standard Deviation) Identify examples of descriptive statistics in the article. A total of 160 nursing students were invited to participate in the study on their experiences before and after clinical practice. 158 students carried through to populating the questionnaires, with 96 (61%) of them responding. 45% were from the control group, while 55% came from the project group. The results identified that the average cost of inpatient hospital visits was $9171 and $8679 for non-teaching hospitals. Out of the 15237, 7993 physicians worked at teaching hospitals, and 2995 were involved in both settings. The average age for all physicians was years. Females covered 26.5% of the participant population. A third of the population graduated from medical school. 16.4% of the sample population were satisfied board surgeons, while 31.7% had internal medicine certification. Inferential Statistics Identify examples of inferential statistics in the article. The study determined that the clinical lab exercises were an effective way to facilitate the practice. 47% of the students responded that they should have prepared better. 85% agree that they were capable of mastering a bed bath with an actual patient in practice after the session. The average cost for female physicians was $2264 lower when compared to the costs of patients visiting male physicians. Also noticed was that the average cost for foreign-trained physicians was $1191 less than physicians who graduated from medical colleges. Kumar, S., Syed, N., Jaykumar, S., Prem, V., Karvannan, H., Karthikbabu, S., & Sisodia, V. (2012). Study of nurses′ knowledge about palliative care: A quantitative cross-sectional survey. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.100832 Description Study of Nurses’ Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Independent variable: Palliative Care Dependent variable: Nurses Knowledge Participants for this study were from the various multispecialty hospitals, including those taking professional development programs exclusive for a nurse. All participants needed to provide an approved consent letter before participation. Those who did not provide consent did not proceed with the study. The survey was done for 363 nurses from multispecialty hospitals. This was taken on healthcare professionals currently taking programs for professional development. The used sample method was the implementation of a self-report questionnaire which was filled individually by the participants. The questionnaire was developed by Nakazawa et al., and it entailed 20 items to be fully answered. All questions were related to palliative care. Participants were to respond by mentioning either correct, incorrect, or unsure. The questionnaires were also sectioned into subsections of philosophy, pain, dyspnea, psychiatric problems, and gastrointestinal problems. Out of the 392 distributed and collected questionnaires, 363 were valid. This reflected a response rate of 92.6%. The bigger population was female with a number of 323 (89%) while the male was 40 in number (11%). The participants were also represented differently from different parts of the health facility. From the ward were 154 participants (42.4%), Intensive care unit, 142 people (39.1%), Outpatient unit had 2 people (0.6%), and Other who were 65 in total (17.9%) The overall score of the study was 35.8%, with philosophy covering 36.5%, pain 34.83 dyspnea 28.25%, psychiatric problems 45.75%, and gastrointestinal problems 34%. Generally, females scored more than males with a slight difference. It was also identified that the knowledge about pain was minimal as only 35% of