Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data?
Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge. Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data. The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to knowledge. In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation. To Prepare: Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources. Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap. By Day 3 of Week 1 Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data? How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience? Expert Answer and Explanation The Application of Data to Problem-Solving Description of Scenario In the hospital, there are many forms of data collection including patients’ demographic information, laboratory tests, prescription drugs, physiologic monitoring data, patient insurance, hospitalization, and hospital administrative functions (Kohl et al., 2017). In my facility, once of the scenarios where data is used in problem-solving is the management of chronic conditions. Patients with chronic diseases come to the hospital often, as they need to have constant checkups and regular medications in order to manage their conditions. Description of the Data that Could be Used The data that could be used in my scenario include the number of symptoms that are presented and the time that the symptoms have been seen in the patients. The data can be collected from the patients through the regular laboratory diagnostic procedures, and can be accessed from the records of patients’ medical history. Knowledge that Might be Derived from the Data Some of the information that could be derived from the data is new information about the trends in the chronic illnesses. Other information include the resistance of the drugs that are used to manage some of the infections that are associated with the chronic diseases (Zwar et al., 2017). How a Nurse Leader would Use Clinical Reasoning and Judgment in Knowledge Formation Nurse leaders can use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience in many ways. Firstly, they would understand the essence of accuracy in data collection and recording, as making mistakes could lead to numerous negative implications on clinical decisions (Branting, 2017). Also, proper use of clinical data improves on the knowledge of the management of chronic conditions. References Branting, L. K. (2017). Data-centric and logic-based models for automated legal problem solving. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 25(1), 5-27. Kohl, S., Schoenfelder, J., Fügener, A., & Brunner, J. O. (2019). The use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in healthcare with a focus on hospitals. Health care management science, 22(2), 245-286. Zwar, N., Harris, M., Griffiths, R., Roland, M., Dennis, S., Powell Davies, G., & Hasan, I. (2017). A systematic review of chronic disease management. Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Informatics To enhance patient safety within a healthcare facility, there are a lot of dynamics that come into play. The number of missed nursing care, the number of patients’ vis-a-vis the care providers, the number of fall rates as a result of design aspects of the facilities, to list a few. These are some of the key features that need to be assessed with a conclusive solution realized to any issues concerning patient safety. However, to assist in the process, collection and assessment of data is vital. With the evolution of healthcare systems through technology advances, collecting information in a healthcare setup has become simpler (McBride & Tietze, 2018). Using the example above where patient safety is supposed to be bolstered, there are different sets of data that may be of help. For example, data on the number of admissions per unit can be collected and the nursing staff adjusted as per the need of individual units as a result, reducing physical and emotional nurse burnout that may result in poor safety outcomes for the patient. Another data that can be collected is the number of fall rates and the reason why they occurred in the first place. This data can be used to facilitate changes within the hospital setting to secure better patient safety. For a nurse leader, the collection of such data is vital, especially in the decision-making process. From the collected information, the nurse leader can decide to allocate more nurses on a case-by-case scenario with an increase in the number of patients in different patient units. A nurse leader can also call for structural changes within the facility to reduce patient fall rates. Therefore, with the use of nursing informatics, a nurse leader should always assess areas for improvement by collecting relevant data that can be used to formulate organizational changes to bolster patient safety (Lee et al., 2017). References Lee, T. Y., Sun, G. T., Kou, L. T., & Yeh, M. L. (2017). The use of information technology to enhance patient safety and nursing efficiency. Technology and Health Care, 25(5), 917-928. DOI: 10.3233/THC-170848 McBride, S., & Tietze, M. (2018). Nursing informatics for the advanced practice nurse: patient safety, quality, outcomes, and interprofessionalism. Springer Publishing Company. Place your order
What is your definition of spiritual care? How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings?
What is your definition of spiritual care? How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings? Explain. Expert Answer and Explanation Definition of Spiritual Care As a nurse, it is essential to provide holistic care to patients by providing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. While physical and emotional needs appear to be direct, spiritual needs are complicated. In my opinion, spiritual care involves acknowledging that the patient believes in a higher power and supporting them in whatever way necessary to connect with it. In many cases, patients might not understand the reason for their suffering and therefore turn to spiritual assurance. A patient can deal with illness, pain, grief, and even loss through spirituality with a more positive attitude (Koper et al. 2019). While the nurse’s role should be to care for the patient physically and ensure that they are in the right state of mind, they should help the patient understand their spirituality. Nurses should seek the patients” understanding of spirituality and explain how they can incorporate it into their healing, hence making them understand their situation even better. The topic readings define spiritual care as the support that nurses offer patients coping with illnesses or pain to make the patient heal physically or emotionally (Hvidt et al. 2020). Through the definition, it is clear that spiritual care is important but it is mostly overlooked. The lack of standard measurement to determine the care also hinders spiritual development (Rachel et al. 2019). The definition explains that nurses can offer support by giving the patients time to pray or quiet when families are interreacting spiritually. While my definition and the topic reading definitions are similar, I believe that my definition does not differ from the topic readings definition. However, each definition allows for a deeper connection between patients and the nurses, increasing the patient’s trust and improving patients’ outcomes. Therefore, when implemented well, either definition will play an essential role in providing holistic care to the patients. References Hvidt, N. C., Nielsen, K. T., Kørup, A. K., Prinds, C., Hansen, D. G., Viftrup, D. T., … & Wæhrens, E. E. (2020). What is spiritual care? Professional perspectives on the concept of spiritual care identified through group concept mapping. BMJ open, 10(12), e042142. Koper, I., Pasman, H. R. W., Schweitzer, B. P., Kuin, A., & Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D. (2019). Spiritual care at the end of life in the primary care setting: experiences from spiritual caregivers-a mixed methods study. BMC palliative care, 18(1), 1-10. Rachel, H., Chiara, C., Robert, K., & Francesco, S. (2019). Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 90(Suppl 4), 44. Alternative Expert Answer Definition and Analysis of Spiritual Care Patients from diverse background see providers expecting to benefit from the care which the latter provides. Some of these patients tend to have spiritual needs, and a provider has a mandate of meeting these needs. The concept, spiritual care, denotes the idea of full filling these kinds of needs. The beneficiaries of this kind of care is not limited to patients considering that patients’ families can equally benefit from it. This means that spiritual care involves attending to a sick person’s spiritual needs with focus on helping the person deal effectively with their experiences. People receive this kind of care so that they can emotionally recover, and the care can limit the severity of a physiological condition, and encourage the healing of the patient given that it helps reduce stress (Fitch & Bartlett, 2019). When a spiritual person receives this kind of care, they gain the hope of recovering, and this ultimately hasten their recovery. The perspective of the spiritual care resonates with the description of the same concept based on the topic readings. Just like in the readings, my own definition of the concept links care to various benefits. A key theme which seems to manifest when comparing my description of the spiritual care and that in the readings, for instance, is helping one to cope with an illness. As they go through their physiological experience, and as they receive spiritual care, a patient becomes hopeful that they would heal. Another shared feature when relating the readings’ view on the concept, and that based on my personal view, is the emotional wellbeing that results when one receives spiritual care. People essentially become emotionally well when they receive spiritual care (Melhem et al., 2016). References Fitch, M. I., & Bartlett, R. (2019). Patient Perspectives about Spirituality and Spiritual Care. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 6(2), 111–121.Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_62_18. Melhem, G. A., Zeilani, R. S., Zaqqout, O. A., Aljwad, A. I., Shawagfeh, M. Q., & Al-Rahim, M. A. (2016). Nurses’ Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Giving: A Comparison Study Among All Health Care Sectors in Jordan. Indian journal of palliative care, 22(1), 42–49.Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.173949. DQ 2 When it comes to facilitating spiritual care for patients with worldviews different from your own, what are your strengths and weaknesses? If you were the patient, who would have the final say in terms of ethical decision-making and intervention in the event of a difficult situation? Expert Answer and Explanation Spiritual Care for Patients with Different Worldviews As a nurse, one meets different patients, some with varying perspectives on spirituality. However, it is essential to ensure that one does not experience any biases in taking care of the patients as it is their role to provide equal care (Alshehry, 2018). However, it is almost impossible to provide biased spiritual care when a patient has varying views. For instance, a nurse can be deeply religious while the patient is an atheist (Saad & de Medeiros, 2021). In my case, I have several strengths that guide me when dealing with patients with different worldviews. One of my strengths is that I am accommodating and non-judgments. Instead of judging a patient because of their religious stand, I seek to understand more from them. As a result, they open up more on their spirituality
Write a brief analysis no longer than 2 pages of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim
Write a brief analysis no longer than 2 pages of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim Healthcare organizations continually seek to optimize healthcare performance. For years, this approach was a three-pronged one known as the Triple Aim, with efforts focused on improved population health, enhanced patient experience, and lower healthcare costs. More recently, this approach has evolved to a Quadruple Aim by including a focus on improving the work life of healthcare providers. Each of these measures are impacted by decisions made at the organizational level, and organizations have increasingly turned to EBP to inform and justify these decisions. To Prepare: Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources. Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare. Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery. To Complete: Write a brief analysis (no longer than 2 pages) of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how EBP might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of: Patient experience Population health Costs Work life of healthcare providers Articles for this paper include: Sikka, R., Morath, J. M., & Leape, L. (2015). The Quadruple Aim: Care, health, cost and meaning in work. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24, 608–610. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004160. Retrieved from https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/24/10/608.full.pdf Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). Improving patient care through nursing engagement in evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(2), 172–175. doi:10.1111/wvn.12126 Assignment Rubric: Write a brief analysis of the connection between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how evidence-based practice might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:· Patient experience · Population health · Costs · Work life of healthcare providers— Excellent 77 (77%) – 85 (85%) Good 68 (68%) – 76 (76%) Fair 60 (60%) – 67 (67%) Poor 0 (0%) – 59 (59%) Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Written Expression and Formatting—The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Expert Answer and Explanation The use of EBP in nursing practice has been a concept that has been embraced by many healthcare organizations. EBP involves the use of scientifically proven methods or information in the delivery of care to patients. However, its adoption from an organizational perspective requires a holistic approach involving both personal and organizational change of culture to succeed (Melnyk et al., 2014). With proper utilization of EBP, a positive outcome can be realized in enhancing the Quadruple Aim model of improving the overall performance in health care delivery. Patient Experience One of the key components that Quadruple Aim model uses to improve healthcare performance is the patient experience. The initial approach of healthcare delivery was mainly focused on improving the health outcomes of patients from a diseased state to a neutral or positive state. This was done without necessarily focusing on whether the patients were satisfied with the services or not. Currently, with the privatization of many health institutions and the resultant market-led competition in the industry, a lot of emphasis has been placed on ensuring patients are satisfied with the healthcare services they receive. EBP allows the access to current information and methodology on how to handle patients with diverse characteristics and lays focus on core issues such as cultural competence in healthcare, which aims at enhancing patient satisfaction (Crabtree et al., 2016). Population Health The scope of healthcare delivery is not limited to only improving the health status of established patients, but to also ensure that the entire surrounding community embraces good health practices for better health outcomes. EBP, by providing current and relevant information on good health practices, and sensitizing the population on current healthcare issues, then, a positive change in the health continuum of the population is expected. EBP also helps to inform the strategies to be used in health promotion activities such as advocacy, community health education, etc., with the aim of improving the health outcome of a given population group. Healthcare costs The issue of high medical costs has been a major impediment in the provision of health care services. Many patients have succumbed to their illnesses due to this issue. That is why institutions, both governmental and non-governmental, involved in the provision of healthcare services, are trying to find ways of reducing the heavy cost burden on patients. EBP can play an instrumental role in the reduction of healthcare costs through proposal of alternative methods of delivering healthcare services. EBP offers proactive approaches to improving the health status of patients, thus reducing the overall costs spent on healthcare in the long run. EBP also emphasizes on modern healthcare trends like the use of current technology in the delivery of health services. This, in the long run, reduces the medical errors and translates to a reduction in costs spent on healthcare by both the patients and the hospital (reduction of litigation costs due to preventable medical errors). Better Working Environment for Healthcare Providers The wellbeing and satisfaction of patients to a great
For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay
For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Assignment Description: Part 1: For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay. To understand culture and cultural diversity, you must understand your own culture and beliefs. Utilizing the Staircase Self-Assessment Model as a means of determining your level of cultural competency, write a 1250 to 1500-word essay outlining the six stages: cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, pre-competency, basic cultural competency, and advance cultural competency. Determine your level on the staircase by answering the following questions. Please be mindful that your responses will not be judged; only your knowledge of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model will be evaluated: Step 1: • How much do I value becoming culturally competent? • What actions have I taken recently or in the past when caring for culturally diverse patients that demonstrate my motivation? Step 2: • How much do I know about my cultural heritage or racial identity and its relationship to my own healthcare beliefs and practices? • Have I discussed these issues with my parents, grandparents, or other relatives? Step 3: • How much do I know about cultural groups that differ from my own? Step 4: • How culturally diverse is my social network? • How many encounters with cultural group members outside my social network do I have? Are these relationships superficial, or do I have social contact beyond the workplace? Step 5: • Am I able to independently identify the potential or actual problems that originate from cultural conflicts, or am I surprised by them? • Do I serve as a culturally competent role model/mentor for others? Step 6: • Have I developed problem-solving strategies to manage cultural conflicts? • Am I able to manage or resolve cultural problems or issues that arise, and what resources do I use? Once you have completed the self-assessment, address the following questions: 1. Why are self-knowledge and understanding a critical step in achieving cultural competence? 2. How has the “cultural self-assessment” exercise influenced your awareness of personal and professional values, attitudes, and practices, including prejudices and biases? 3. How will your interactions with patients and families change as a result of this self-reflection? Remember, you answer these questions from your perspective, so there is no right or wrong response. You must address each question. Although the information on your self-assessment paper is strictly confidential, if you do not wish to self-disclose a specific area from the Staircase, indicate that by explaining in detail why you do not want to disclose. You are not required to provide citations/references in this paper. Attention should be paid to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Part 2: Go to Think Cultural Health located on the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office of Minority Health website (you may access it from the following URL (https://thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/). Click on the Education tab. Select nurses and create your account (there are approximately seven questions to answer). Register for the Think Cultural Health program for nurses: Nurses – Culturally Competent Nursing Care: A Cornerstone of Caring. For Module 1, you will only register and review the objectives of Course I. Throughout the next 7 Modules; you will complete the program. There are three (3) courses. The estimated time to complete the entire program is nine (9) hours. When you register, please Do Not select the CNE Nursing option. You must select the option, Statement of Participation. You will submit the Statement of Participation in Module 7. Expert Answer and Explanation Staircase Self-Assessment Model Cultural diversity is a key factor for any medical professional and can be used to ensure efficient working relations. It is important that different interventions and models are applied to help improve the efficiency and outcome of care. The Staircase Self-Assessment Model can be used to help understand the aspect of cultural competency and how it can be applied within the healthcare sector. This paper will focus on the analysis of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model to explore the issue of cultural competency. Stages of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model Cultural Destructiveness Cultural destructiveness occurs when a person denies patient healthcare services as of the difference in the culturally and linguistically diverse background. The aspect denotes that there can be challenges with the delivery of care when the nurse and patient come from different or diverse cultures, in this regard, the cultural difference would have facilitated the destruction of services that would have been rendered under other conditions. Cultural Incapacity The concept of cultural incapacity originates from the lack of capacity to meet the needs of patients from all ethnic, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds. Incapacity is different from destructiveness since it focuses on the inability of the facility to meet different needs. The incapacity can be derived from the lack of resources or amenities to ensure that the facility meets all its services to different cultural different patients. Cultural Blindness The component of cultural blindness is the deliberate oversight of the aspect of culture and how it can be used to meet the different outcomes of care. When a care provider provides the same standard form of care to all patients regardless of their cultural background can be referred to as cultural blindness. The aspect denotes that the treatment is only based on the medical need of the patient and not the alignment with cultural norms. Blindness treats each person equally and care is not based on cultural and ethnic needs, but rather based on standard protocols that apply to all. Cultural Pre-Competency The pre-competence aspect focuses on the strategies within which agencies or individual care providers attempt to improve their cultural awareness. The process is essential as it creates a means by which a person can further improve their understanding of culture and its impact on others. Cultural awareness within the pre-competence level can be viewed as the early stages toward proficiency. Basic Cultural Competency The stage of cultural competency is the continued attempts for a person to make
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid with one another and explain how they were similar and different to each other. Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care, a principle dubbed “gatekeeping.” Some argue that “gatekeeping” is unethical because it introduces financial factors into treatment decisions. Others say it improves quality by promoting the use of the most appropriate levels of care. Medicare is an area that often gets overlooked and is seen as a burden financially. Discuss alternatives to ease the drain on Medicare resources. Medicaid is shouldering an ever-increasing burden of cost for long-term care for the elderly, with enormous impacts on state budgets throughout the nation. Discuss alternatives to ease this drain on Medicaid resources. Develop an APA-formatted essay discussing the three entities. Describe what they are and how they differ. Include an introduction to let the reader know what will be found in the essay. Create a table to provide comparison of the three entities. The table can be used as the body of the paper, or it can be added as an addendum after the Reference page. If you opt to add it as an addendum, refer to the table in the narrative in the body of the essay. As in all essays, include a conclusion to provide a summary of the material. This assignment highlights your ability to do research and display information in a table format. Include citations, as appropriate, for information in the table. Refer to chapter 7 in the APA manual, specifically pages 223 -224 for information on tables using words for displaying information. Required Source Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. A. (2017). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Read Chapter 8. The following specifications are required for this assignment: Length: 750 words Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least two (2) scholarly sources to support your claims. Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx). File Name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”) Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Finance In the United States (US), healthcare is paid for or financed in a variety of ways. One of the ways is the out-of-pocket method where individuals pay directly for services they have been offered. The second way is private insurance. Other people have health insurance coverage as a tax-free benefit from their employer (Sultz & Young, 2017). Most working individuals are covered by employer-provided healthcare insurance, a managed care plan, such as a Health Maintenance Organization, or traditional indemnity insurance. The third method is public insurance and programs. For instance, the government has Military Health Insurance to cover the health of military personnel and their dependents as well as veterans. Other health insurance programs run by the government include Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) (Sultz & Young, 2017). People often confuse Medicare, Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and Medicaid. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid by giving their similarities and differences. The Three Entities The first entity is MCO. MCOs are integrated organizations in the healthcare system focused on managed care as a method of reducing care costs while maintaining a high quality of care. The focus of MCOs is to reduce the cost of care while keeping the quality high. There are four types of MCOs (Seiler et al., 2022). The first type is Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). HMO manages care by requiring beneficiaries to see a network of health providers at a much lower cost. It also needs beneficially to see their primary care provider (PCP) before any provider who is not in the network. The second type is Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). This form of MCO allows one to see any doctor they like, in the network or outside (Opoku et al., 2022). The beneficially may pay less for seeing an in-network provider and higher for the outside network provider. The third is Point of Service (POS). This program combines HMO and PPO where one can see providers in and outside the network but at slightly higher costs. The last type is Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) (Opoku et al., 2022). It also combines HMOs and PPOs’ features. Its costs are less than PPO but higher than HMO. The second entity is the Medicare program. Medical is a federal health insurance program for some young people with disabilities, adults aged 65 years or older, and individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease (Agarwal et al., 2021). Drain in Medicare resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First, reducing unnecessary complications and preventable readmissions. Complications and readmission increase the cost of care and thus puts more burden on Medicare (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, n.d). Second, the drain can be reduced by decreasing the use of high-cost drugs. Lastly, the program should use the value-based model to pay physicians where they are paid based on efficiency, quality, and care coordination. The third entity is the Medicaid program. Medicaid is a health insurance program that provides health coverage to millions of US citizens, including children, low-income adults, elderly adults and people with disabilities, and pregnant women (Linder et al., 2018). States administer the program based on federal requirements. The program is funded both by the federal government and state governments. Drain in Medicaid resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First. Physician payment should be modified to decrease unnecessary care. physicians should be paid using the salaried system with a relatively modest bonus for quality (Linder et al., 2018).
Throughout this course, students will be working on the Community Teaching Project. The project will include a community teaching presentation given during Topic 5
Throughout this course, students will be working on the Community Teaching Project. The project will include a community teaching presentation Selection, Research, and Assessment Throughout this course, students will be working on the Community Teaching Project. The project will include a community teaching presentation given during Topic 5. The audience for the presentation will be community members, rather than the staff at the community agency chosen or in-patient residents. The Community Teaching Project has indirect care experience requirements. The “Indirect Care Experience Hours” form, located in Topic 1 resources, will be used to document the indirect care experience hours completed in the Community Teaching Project and presentation. As progress is made on the Community Teaching Project, update this form indicating the date(s) each section is completed. This form will be submitted in Topic 5. In this topic, students will be selecting, researching, and assessing a nonprofit community setting in their community using one of the following four topics: Primary prevention/health promotion Secondary prevention/screening for a vulnerable population Disaster planning Environmental issues The following are considered appropriate nonprofit community organization settings: Public health clinic Community health center University/school health center Religious community (i.e., local church) Community center (i.e., YMCA) Adult/childcare center Youth development organization (i.e., 4-H, scout troops, Boys and Girls Clubs, etc.) Senior centers Food pantries (St. Mary’s Food bank, St. Vincent De Paul, etc.) Community shelters (i.e., women’s shelter, women and children’s shelter, or homeless shelters) Review the objectives and measures describes on the “Healthy People 2030” website, listed in the Topic 1 Resources, to assist in selecting a topic for the project. For this assignment, use a minimum of two sources to complete the “Community Teaching Project: Part 1” template. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance. Benchmark Information This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: RN-BSN 2.3: Integrate assessment skills in practice. American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 2.3 Expert Answer and Explanation NRS-425 Community Teaching Project – Part 1 Name (GCU Student) Name of Nonprofit Organization Address of Nonprofit Organization Full Name of Contact Person and Job Title Contact Person’s Email and Phone Number Community and Target Aggregate The main population served by the South Adams Senior Center is older adult population residing in Berne, Indiana. The target population for the center is usually those 60 years of age and older, while the programs it offers may have different age requirements for participation. Retirees, the aged, and senior citizens who are looking for chances for social interaction, leisure activities, educational programs, and needs-specific support services are probably among the clients that the South Adams Senior Center serves. These services could include a range of things, including social events, health and wellness initiatives, exercise courses, meal services, educational seminars, and help getting access to social welfare, healthcare, and transportation benefits. Because of the nature of a senior center, the clients it serves frequently consists of people who, in their later years, may need different degrees of support, company, and chances for further education or personal growth. These programs are designed to fight isolation, encourage healthy aging, and give seniors access to a community that supports them while they stay independent. Social Determinants of Health (SDOHs): According to Healthy People 2020, social determinants of health are aspects of people’s living, learning, working, playing, worshiping, and aging contexts that have an impact on a variety of risks and outcomes related to health, functioning, and quality of life. There are various SDOH that impact the quality and safety of care of patients served by the nonprofit organization. One of the SDOH is education level. According to Statista Research Department (2023), approximately 18.5% of Indiana adults over the age of 25 had a bachelor’s degree as their highest degree in 2021. The majority, or roughly 33.3% of the population, had completed high school or its equivalent as their greatest degree of education. Indiana has tried to close the gap between itself and the US in terms of education attainment among adults aged 25 years and above (Schleyer et al., 2021). However, the gap increases as people age. In other words, older people are less educated compared to other population in Indiana. The second SDOH is geographical location. According to a report by Indiana State (2021), residents residing in urban areas are more likely to access quality care than those living in rural areas. The report noted that populations in rural areas have higher number of fair or poor health days than those in urban areas. The report also stated that physicians in rural areas in Indiana have been decreasing for the last decades (Indiana State, 2021). For instance, for every 100,000 patients, there are 55 mental health professionals in rural areas compared to 133 professionals per 100,000 patients in urban Indiana, meaning that older patients in rural Indiana are less likely to access care than those in urban Indiana (Indiana State, 2021). The image below is a visual representation of differences in access to primary care between rural and urban Indiana. Image 1: Access to care in Indiana based on geographical location (Indiana State, 2021) The third determinant is economic status. For older persons to age in place, have a respectable quality of life, and have access to essential resources, they must be financially stable (Central Indiana Senior Fund, 2021). Life experiences and other important factors play a significant role in determining an older adult’s financial stability revealed that one in twelve older
In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy?
In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue In addition to the topic study materials, use the chart you completed and questions you answered in the Topic 3 about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for your responses in this assignment. Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview. In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale. In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care? In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care? Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. This benchmark assignment assesses the following competencies: BS Nursing (RN to BSN) 5.2: Assess for the spiritual needs and provide appropriate interventions for individuals, families, and groups. Expert Answer and Explanation Benchmark – Patient’s Spiritual Needs: Case Analysis Recent advances in technology have had significant transformation of the healthcare industry. In one way, however, the service and cure-oriented model has been abandoned by the introduction of various technological practices in spirituality (Mesquita et al., 2017). In the past, healthcare was often linked with spirituality, where healthcare givers served to incorporate the physical, social, spiritual, and emotional being to healthcare. Nurse leaders and nurse educators today are encouraged to actively re-introduce this compassionate consideration of the patients’ spiritual needs (Timmins & Caldeira, 2017). This essay involves the analysis of a case of James, an 8 y.o. pt. whose parents are confused at the level or extent to which they should encourage spirituality in his health. Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James? The physician should not allow further mistakes to happen in the case of James, and should not let Mike, his father to continue making faulty decisions for him. The initial presentation of the case of James to the facility was clear that the only needed intervention after an infection of acute glomerulonephritis was to perform a kidney dialysis and then with the aid of an antibiotic, he would easily recover. However, Mike, together with his wife Joanne, decided to forego the dialysis and opted to trust their faith in God. The main reason they made the decision is the fact that they had received a touching sermon that encouraged them to have more trust in God at difficult times. However, their plan on using ‘faith’ as the only weapon failed and they had to come up for an even more serious procedure. I would therefore not allow Mike to express more of spirituality than healthcare in the issue of James, as this would put him to more danger. The principle of autonomy requires that the patient should make their own judgment regarding their health matters, and since James is too young, his parents reserve the rights for that position (Zwitter, 2019). Mike and Joanne, have the autonomy to make the decision for the child, by judging what’s most fit for them. However, as a healthcare provider, I have the right to stop them, especially if their ability to judge is blinded by faith. I can only allow them to make the principle of autonomy if they are capable of making rational decisions for Mike. How Christians Ought to Think Regarding Faith and Health and Medical Intervention Christians need to realize that spirituality and health are two interconnected concepts, whose expression in a patient should be done in the right proportions. They should also understand that medical interventions are mostly physical precepts that could have some spiritual element in them (Timmins & Caldeira, 2017). Unfortunately for some Christians, they feel that a sickness could be a curse from God, and hence spiritual intervention is enough intervention. How Mike should do as a Christian Regarding Non-Maleficence and Beneficence in the Light of the Case of James James suffers from kidney failure, has glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. If his initial needs for a dialysis were met, he would have recovered easily from the excessive fluid build-up that he faced, but the parents decided to pray for him rather than help him with the dialysis. The replacement of James’s kidney with that of his brother Samuel is the only truly helpful decision that can take place. Mike ought to accept that by committing himself to such a decision, he does the most rational thing for Mike in both the Christian and Worldview. As a healthcare giver, I would be obliged to honor the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence, which requires me to make decisions that promote overall good and avoid harm respectively. Hence, I would ask James to understand that the decision to take Samuel’s Kidney and not to wait and gamble again with the spiritual intervention would be for the best interest. I would explain to him that the overall good could not be perceived as something that one is unsure of, as
How can firms ensure that their code of business ethics is read, understood, believed, remembered, and acted on rather than ignored?
How can firms ensure that their code of business ethics is read, understood, believed Assignment TWO: How can firms ensure that their code of business ethics is read, understood, believed, remembered, and acted on rather than ignored? Your response should be 75 words in length. 2. Discuss bribery. Would actions, such as politicians adding earmarks in legislation or pharmaceutical salespersons giving away drugs to physicians, constitute bribery? Identify three business activities that would constitute bribery and three actions that would not. Your response should be 75 words in length. 3. If you owned a small business, would you develop a code of business conduct? If yes, what variables would you include? If not, how would you ensure that your employees were following ethical business standards? Your response should be 75 words in length. 4. Why is it important not to view the concept of “whistleblowing” as “tattling” or “ratting” on another employee? Your response should be 75 words in length. 5. What do you feel is the relationship between personal ethics and business ethics? Are they or should they be the same? Expert Answer and Explanation Analysis of Code of Business Ethics Question 1: Ensuring the Code of Business Ethics is understood and acted on An organization can adopt various measures focused on ensuring that its employees understand, believe, remember and act on the code of business ethics. Creating awareness about the code of ethics and the benefit of this code, for instance, can help the staff know how to behave. The organization can carry the awareness campaign by giving employees the copies of the code of ethics or even positing the same on the notice boards of the different departments within the organization. It can also integrate these codes into the job training, and administer exams to test whether the employees understand the codes. Question 2: Bribery and Bribery Examples Bribery is an illegal practice or an act in which one solicits, gives, promises or offers a favor or money so that they can be favored by others who are either enforcing laws, or offering business deals. Such san act, therefore, lead to one having unfair advantage over others. Examples of such an act is one offering to give another person a certain amount of money if the individual awards them a business contract. Other examples include giving a judge money to rule in one’s favor, and a border official accepting money to allow one to illegally enter into a country (Vranka & Bahník, 2018). Acts such as giving offerings, selling drugs, and accepting token of appreciation do not constitute acts of bribery. Question 3: Formulation and Implementation of Strategies It is imperative that firms should formulate and implement their strategies from the perspective of the environment in which they operate. Adopting this approach when formulating and implementing the strategies is important because it influences an organization to take into account the sustainability and corporate social responsibility when it is deciding on the best strategy. An organization does this to ensure that it engages in ethical business practice, and that its practices does not lead to the depletion of resources and environmental degradation (Samuel, Derrick, & van Leeuwen, 2019). Question 4: The Importance of Whistleblowing When an individual reports an incidence of breach of business ethics, this act should not be seen as an act in which one rattles or rats another employee. Instead, people should see the act as a good thing to do because it can help an organization in various ways. For instance, it can prevent the legal ramifications which may arise when an organization fails to meet certain ethical or legal obligations. It may also help save the organization’s reputation (Garrick, 2017). Question 5: Relationship between Personal Ethics and Business Ethics It is common to see people having personal ethics, and an individual project their ethics in terms of the way they behave. In this case, one can tell an individual’s personal ethics by observing the behaviors of the individual. This is the same case with the business ethics which is about dictating how people should behave or the kind of attitude they should have. One’s personal ethics can determine how they accept or comply with the business ethics, and if one’s values clash with the business’ values, then it is difficult for such a person to work in such a business environment. The personal values which one hold can influence how they see the organizational ethics (Pope, 2015). Things which matter to one may not necessarily matter to the organization they work. If an organization’s ethics dictate that one should behave in a certain manner, an individual would have an obligation to behave as the organization requires even if such dictates go against one’s values. Therefore, the ethics of a business, and those of an individual should not be the same. Instead, one should direct their personal ethics towards helping enforce or implement the codes of the ethics of their business. References Bergman, C., Dellve, L., & Skagert, K. (2016). Exploring communication processes in workplace meetings: A mixed methods study in a Swedish healthcare organization. Work (Reading, Mass.), 54(3), 533–541. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162366. Garrick, J. (2017). Peer Support for Whistleblowers. Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 34(7), 38–41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6370439/. Pope, K. S. (2015). Steps to strengthen ethics in organizations: research findings, ethics placebos, and what works. Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD), 16(2), 139–152. Doi https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2015.995021. Samuel, G., Derrick, G. E., & van Leeuwen, T. (2019). The Ethics Ecosystem: Personal Ethics, Network Governance and Regulating Actors Governing the Use of Social Media Research Data. Minerva, 57(3), 317–343. Doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-019-09368-3. Vranka, M. A., & Bahník, Š. (2018). Predictors of Bribe-Taking: The Role of Bribe Size and Personality. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1511. Doi https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01511. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First
Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain
Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to Policy Regulation Fact Sheet As a professional nurse, you are expected to apply your expertise to patient care. On occasion, you will also be expected to share that expertise. With evolving technology and continuous changes to regulations designed to keep up these changes, there is usually a need to share information and expertise to inform colleagues, leadership, patients, and other stakeholders. In this Assignment, you will study a recent nursing informatics-related healthcare policy, and you will share the relevant details via a fact sheet designed to inform and educate. To Prepare: Review the Resources on healthcare policy and regulatory/legislative topics related to health and nursing informatics. Consider the role of the nurse informaticist in relation to a healthcare organization’s compliance with various policies and regulations, such as the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA). Research and select one health or nursing informatics policy (within the past 5 years) or regulation for further study. The Assignment: (1 page not including the title and reference page) Create a 1 page fact sheet that your healthcare organization could hypothetically use to explain the health or nursing informatics policy/regulation you selected. Your fact sheet should address the following: Briefly and generally explain the policy or regulation you selected. Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on system implementation. Address the impact of the policy or regulation you selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Highlight organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at your healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation you selected. Be specific. Use APA format and include a title page, in-text citations, and reference page. Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work. Expert Answer and Explanation Fact Sheet 21st Century Cures Act Impact on System Implementation This is a bill signed into law in 2016 by former president Barrack Obama. The purpose of the bill was supposed to accelerate medical research and product development through the application of healthcare technology (Gabay, 2017). The act among other things is aimed at; Accelerating research in prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses, for example, through the $6 billion for the cancer moonshot program (Goble, 2018) Hastens research and development of drugs and healthcare technology (Goble, 2018) Combat the current national opioid epidemic Improve efforts to reduce mental health illnesses The act has various provisions that encourage the development and implementation of healthcare systems to enhance patient care and advance medical research. The act bars the FDA from restricting low-risk medical applications used to encourage and maintain a healthy lifestyle, so long as the technology is not used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases (Ronquillo & Zuckerman, 2017). This will encourage the development of such low-risk systems for the benefit of patients. Impact on Clinical Care Procedures and Policies in Place The act has been hailed to have a positive impact on clinical care in the following ways; The act encourages the application of technology in the collection of evidence-based data to formulate clinical interventions. The act also encourages interoperability of systems to enhance efficiency in clinical work (Majumder et al., 2017). The act has also been hailed to increase the funding of precision medicine which is attributed to better patient outcomes. To conform to the act, the organization has put in place the following procedures and policies; A safety policy that safeguards patient information when technology such as EHRs is used to conduct health care research or other clinical activities. The organization has also created policies and procedures to follow when conducting healthcare research within the premise of the facility. References Gabay M. (2017). 21st Century Cures Act. Hospital pharmacy, 52(4), 264–265. https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5204-264 Goble, J. A. (2018). The potential effect of the 21st Century Cures Act on drug development. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 24(7), 677-681. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.7.677 Majumder, M. A., Guerrini, C. J., Bollinger, J. M., Cook-Deegan, R., & McGuire, A. L. (2017). Sharing data under the 21st Century Cures Act. Genetics in Medicine, 19(12), 1289-1294. https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.59 Ronquillo, J. G., & Zuckerman, D. M. (2017). Software‐related recalls of health information technology and other medical devices: Implications for FDA regulation of digital health. The Milbank Quarterly, 95(3), 535-553. Place your order now for the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Grading Rubric Points Range:77 (77.00%) – 85 (85.00%) A fully developed and detailed Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the policy and regulation selected.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation.The responses accurately and thoroughly explain in detail the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Specific and accurate responses thoroughly highlight in detail the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation selected. Includes: 3 or more peer-reviewed sources and 2 or more course resources. Points Range:68 (68.00%) – 76 (76.00%) A developed Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses explain the policy or regulation selected.The responses explain the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation.The responses explain the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow. Accurate responses highlight the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation selected. Includes: 2 peer-reviewed sources and 2 course resources. Points Range:60 (60.00%) – 67 (67.00%) A vague or inaccurate Fact Sheet is provided for the Assignment.The responses explaining the policy or regulation selected are vague or inaccurate. The responses explaining the impact of the policy or regulation selected on system implementation are vague or inaccurate. The responses explaining the impact of the policy or regulation selected on clinical care, patient/provider interactions, and workflow are vague or inaccurate. The responses highlighting the organizational policies and procedures that are/will be in place at a healthcare organization to address the policy or regulation
Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review
Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review Some nurses may be hesitant to get involved with policy evaluation. The preference may be to focus on the care and well-being of their patients; some nurses may feel ill-equipped to enter the realm of policy and political activities. However, as you have examined previously, who better to advocate for patients and effective programs and polices than nurses? Already patient advocates in interactions with doctors and leadership, why not with government and regulatory agencies? In this Discussion, you will reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation. To Prepare: In the Module 4 Discussion, you considered how professional nurses can become involved in policy-making. Review the Resources and reflect on the role of professional nurses in policy evaluation. By Day 3 of Week 9 Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples. Resources Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 116–124 only) Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American Journal of Public Health, 93(8), 1261–1267. Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Shiramizu, B., Shambaugh, V., Petrovich, H., Seto, T. B., Ho, T., Mokuau, N., & Hedges, J. R. (2016). Leading by success: Impact of a clinical and translational research infrastructure program to address health inequities. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 4(5), 983–991. doi:10.1007/s40615-016-0302-4 Williams, J. K., & Anderson, C. M. (2018). Omics research ethics considerations. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 386–393. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.05.003 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Expert Answer and Explanation The fact that nurses are part of the rapidly developing health systems means that they need to take part in the formulation of health policies as well as implementing them. Their influence has a direct effect on patient safety and quality of care (Williams & Anderson, 2018). A strategic solving of the problems that influence these policies can also help in smooth implementation. Opportunities That Currently Exist For RNs and APRNs to Actively Participate In Policy Review One of the active opportunities for the nurses is in nursing education. RNs and APRNs need to acquire various policy-making skills that would help them in addressing the professional challenges they may have to face in the policy making process. Also, the fact that nurses are always present in almost all healthcare settings presents an opportunity for them to give a significant input to policy decisions (Glasgow et al., 2003). Lastly, nurses, more than any other healthcare personnel, have a great influence in resource allocation as well as support delivery, hence their unique role in policy formulation. Challenges That These Opportunities May Present Some of the challenges include the fact that people in the healthcare industry have an old view of nurses, where they perceive them as only influencers of patient care and that they are not open to other roles. Health managers and health authorities also perceive nurses to be in the sixth grade (which is the last) in comparison to other health professionals (Glasgow et al., 2003). Hence, the idea of policy influence is new among individuals. Overcoming These Challenges The first step in overcoming this challenges is training healthcare professionals on the importance of nursing management. They should also be made to understand that nurses are in more direct contact with patients more than any other stakeholder in health, and hence there input in health policy formulation is crucial. Strategies to Better Advocate For the Existence of These Opportunities The education system of nurses should create more emphasis on policy development and implementation (Shiramizu et al., 2017). Also, directly educating other healthcare givers on the various roles of the individuals in nursing could help position nurses well in policy review and implementation. References Glasgow, R. E., Lichtenstein, E., & Marcus, A. C. (2003). Why don’t we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. American journal of public health, 93(8), 1261-1267. Shiramizu, B., Shambaugh, V., Petrovich, H., Seto, T. B., Ho, T., Mokuau, N., & Hedges, J. R. (2017). Leading by success: Impact of a clinical and translational research infrastructure program to address health inequities. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 4(5), 983-991. Williams, J. K., & Anderson, C. M. (2018). Omics research ethics considerations. Nursing outlook, 66(4), 386-393. Alternative Expert Answer Two Opportunities that Currently Exist Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) play critical roles in helping advance nursing objectives. Certain key opportunities are available to nurses working in the roles of the RNs and APRNs. Advocacy is an example of the opportunity that is available to the nursing professionals based on these APRN and RN roles. A nurse can take advantage of this opportunity by advocating for improved work conditions. Still, a nursing working in either of the two roles has an opportunity of becoming a leader of a medical facility (Joseph & Huber, 2015). As a leader, the nurse can make decisions including making policies to improve an organizational process. Challenges which the Opportunities would present While nurses can benefit by taking advantage of these opportunities, each opportunity presents challenges. For example, it can be difficult for the nurse to perform their advocacy role if they lack the support of the colleagues, and the organization they work for. This lack of support may derail the attainment of the aims which the advocacy seeks to realize (Nsiah, Siakwa, & Ninnoni, 2019). The challenge linked to the leadership opportunity is