[ANSWERED 2023] Jung believed that one of the main purposes of analysis was to assist clients in their process of individuation. As a counsellor operating from a Jungian perspective
Jung believed that one of the main purposes of analysis was to assist clients in their 1.1. The Use of the Couch in Psychoanalysis As you may have learned by now, in classical or “orthodox” psychoanalysis, Freud would invite his clients (called “analysands”) to lie down on a couch while they were talking freely about anything that came to mind, as they self-reflected (the process of free association). All along, Freud would be seated on a chair behind the client, out of the client’s sight, and only interject verbally from time to time, in order to encourage further client self-exploration. Nowadays, many psychoanalytically oriented counsellors prefer to dialogue with their clients face-to-face. What do you think is gained and what is lost in the face-to-face format? Do you think that the 3 basic tools of psychoanalysis (i.e., analysand’s self-reflection and insight, analysand’s transference, and therapist’s countertransference) can be used more or less effectively in the couch format compared to the face-to-face setting? 1.2. Jung’s Concept of Individuation Jung believed that one of the main purposes of analysis was to assist clients in their process of individuation. As a counsellor operating from a Jungian perspective, how would you practically work with the client towards that goal? Expert Answer and Explanation 1.1. The Use of the Couch in Psychoanalysis One of the gains of face-to-face counseling format is that the counselor can understand the clients’ feelings by watching their body language. Redekop et al. (2017) say that human communication comprises only 7% words and 93% paralinguistic cues and body language. The author notes that body language speaks a lot compared to words. Therefore, a face-to-face format can help a therapist understand the emotions and feelings of the client just by looking at them. The face-to-face format helps a counselor build a stronger relationship with the clients. Face-to-face communication during counseling can be used for persuasion and engagement. A positive relationship between a therapist and a client can help in outcome achievements. Though face-to-face is one of the best therapy techniques, some clients do not like to have eye contact when sharing their feelings. Hence, in this case, the clients will not be open and say what they feel has it would be in a couching technique (Safran et al., 2019). In face-to-face format, the therapist and the client may be required to be extremely polite, nod, smile in approval and understanding, and therefore, this can prevent the client from being transparent, self-reflective, and insightful. Couch formal can help the therapist listen and think deeper at the client’s expressions and provide proper countertransference. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the couch format? References Redekop, F., Luke, C., & Malone, F. (2017). From the couch to the chair: Applying psychoanalytic theory and practice in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 95, 100-109. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.libraryservices.yorkvilleu.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=url,cookie,ip,uid&db=a9h&AN=120533859 Safran, J. D., Kriss, A. & Foley, V. K. (2019). Psychoanalytic therapies. In D. Wedding & R. J. Corsini (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (11th ed.) pp. 21-58. Boston, MA: Cengage. 1.2. Jung’s Concept of Individuation Individuation can be defined as the process where an individual achieves a sense of individuality separate from others’ identities and start to exist in the human world consciously (Galipeau, 2013). In other words, it a therapeutic practice where the therapist helps the clients achieve their true-self. A therapist can practically work with clients to achieve individuality by guiding them on how to go about the issue. The therapist can also help the client by encouraging and supporting them. Encouraging clients to identify their true selves can motivate them to continue the search for their unique individuality. One of the ways to encourage the clients to identify their true selves is by allowing them to speak their minds freely without interference (Dehing, 1992). You can do this by allowing the clients to sleep on the couch and say their mind without interference. A therapist can also help clients identify their individuality by asking them to listen to their inner voice or dialogues. The clients’ inner dialogues can change extemporaneously as they embody for Self. As a result, they can start knowing themselves and stop berating themselves about how they feel. The clients may feel lighter, free, and open after allowing themselves to listen to their inner voices. References Dehing, J. (1992). The therapist’s interventions in Jungian analysis. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 37, 29-47. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.libraryservices.yorkvilleu.ca/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=url,cookie,ip,uid&db=a9h&AN=12234171 Galipeau, S. (2013). The Red Book and Jung’s typology. Psychological Perspectives, 56, 34-49. Place your order now on a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. FAQs Jungian therapy techniques Jungian therapy is a type of psychotherapy that is based on the ideas and teachings of Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. The goal of Jungian therapy is to help individuals explore their unconscious mind and to integrate their conscious and unconscious aspects, leading to a more holistic and authentic sense of self. Here are some common techniques used in Jungian therapy: Active Imagination: This technique involves accessing and exploring the unconscious through imaginative visualization, dream analysis, and other forms of creative expression. Dream Analysis: Dreams are seen as an important source of information about the unconscious mind, and Jungian therapists often use dream analysis to help clients gain insight into their psychological and emotional state. Archetypal Analysis: Jung believed that humans are born with certain innate universal patterns of thought and behavior, which he called archetypes. In Jungian therapy, these archetypes are explored and integrated into the client’s conscious awareness. Shadow Work: The “shadow” refers to the parts of ourselves that we deny or repress because they are uncomfortable or unacceptable. Jungian therapy encourages individuals to confront and integrate their shadow self. Active Listening: Jungian therapists aim to create a safe and non-judgmental environment for clients to express their thoughts and feelings. This involves active listening, empathy, and validation. Symbolism: Jungian therapy emphasizes the importance of symbols in understanding the unconscious mind. Symbols are seen as powerful tools for self-discovery and personal transformation. Transference:
[ANSWERED 2023] Digital Clinical Experience Assessing the Heart, Lungs, and Peripheral Vascular System
Digital Clinical Experience Assessing the Heart, Lungs, and Peripheral Vascular System In order to adequately assess the chest region of a patient, nurses need to be aware of a patient’s history, potential abnormal findings, and what physical exams and diagnostic tests should be conducted to determine the causes and severity of abnormalities. In this DCE Assignment, you will conduct a focused exam related to chest pain using the simulation too, Shadow Health. Consider how a patient’s initial symptoms can result in very different diagnoses when further assessment is conducted. Take a moment to observe your breathing. Notice the sensation of your chest expanding as air flows into your lungs. Feel your chest contract as you exhale. How might this experience be different for someone with chronic lung disease or someone experiencing an asthma attack? To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and the Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning media program and consider the insights they provide related to heart, lungs, and peripheral vascular system. Review the Shadow Health Resources provided in this week’s Learning Resources specifically the tutorial to guide you through the documentation and interpretation with the Shadow Health platform. Review the examples also provided. Review the DCE (Shadow Health) Documentation Template for Focused Exam: Chest Pain found in this week’s Learning Resources and use this template to complete your Documentation Notes for this DCE Assignment. Access and login to Shadow Health using the link in the left-hand navigation of the Blackboard classroom. Review the Week 7 DCE Focused Exam: Chest Pain Rubric provided in the Assignment submission area for details on completing the Assignment in Shadow Health. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient. Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis? DCE Focused Exam: Chest Pain Assignment: Complete the following in Shadow Health: Cardiovascular Concept Lab (Required) Respiratory(Recommended but not required) Cardiovascular (Recommended but not required) Episodic/Focused Note for Focused Exam (Required): Chest Pain Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Chapter 14, “Chest and Lungs” This chapter explains the physical exam process for the chest and lungs. The authors also include descriptions of common abnormalities in the chest and lungs. Chapter 15, “Heart” The authors of this chapter explain the structure and function of the heart. The text also describes the steps used to conduct an exam of the heart. Chapter 16, “Blood Vessels” This chapter describes how to properly conduct a physical examination of the blood vessels. The chapter also supplies descriptions of common heart disorders. Colyar, M. R. (2015). Advanced practice nursing procedures. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Chapter 107, “X-Ray Interpretation: Chest (pp. 480–487) (specifically focus on pp. 480–481) Chapter 107, “X-Ray Interpretation: Chest (pp. 480–487) Download “X-Ray Interpretation: Chest (pp. 480–487) Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Credit Line: Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains, J.E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby. Reprinted by permission of Mosby via the Copyright Clearance Center. Chapter 8, “Chest Pain” Download Chapter 8, “Chest Pain” This chapter focuses on diagnosing the cause of chest pain and highlights the importance of first determining whether the patient is in a life-threatening condition. It includes questions that can help pinpoint the type and severity of pain and then describes how to perform a physical examination. Finally, the authors outline potential laboratory and diagnostic studies. Chapter 11, “Cough” Download Chapter 11, “Cough” A cough is a very common symptom in patients and usually indicates a minor health problem. This chapter focuses on how to determine the cause of the cough by asking questions and performing a physical exam. Chapter 14, “Dyspnea” Download Chapter 14, “Dyspnea” The focus of this chapter is dyspnea, or shortness of breath. The chapter includes strategies for determining the cause of the problem through evaluation of the patient’s history, through physical examination, and through additional laboratory and diagnostic tests. Chapter 26, “Palpitations” Download Chapter 26, “Palpitations” This chapter describes the different causes of heart palpitations and details how the specific cause in a patient can be determined. Chapter 33, “Syncope” Download Chapter 33, “Syncope” This chapter focuses on syncope, or loss of consciousness. The authors describe the difficulty of ascertaining the cause, because the patient is usually seen after the loss of consciousness has happened. The chapter includes information on potential causes and the symptoms of each. Bansal, M. (2020). Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19. Links to an external site. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(3), 247–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.013 Links to an external site. Jolobe, O. M. (2021). Differential diagnosis of the association of gastrointestinal symptoms and ST segment elevation, in the absence of chest pain. Links to an external site. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 49, 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.067 Links to an external site. Shadow Health Support and Orientation Resources Use the following resources to guide you through your Shadow Health orientation as well as other support resources: Shadow Health. (2021). Welcome to your introduction to Shadow Health. Links to an external site. https://link.shadowhealth.com/Student-Orientation-Video Shadow Health. (n.d.). Shadow Health help desk. Links to an external site.Retrieved from https://support.shadowhealth.com/hc/en-us Shadow Health. (2021). Walden University quick start guide: NURS 6512 NP students Download Walden University quick start guide: NURS 6512 NP students. Links to an external site. https://link.shadowhealth.com/Walden-NURS-6512-Student-Guide Document: DCE (Shadow Health) Documentation Template for Focused Exam: Chest Pain (Word document) Download DCE (Shadow Health) Documentation Template for Focused Exam: Chest Pain (Word document) Use this template to complete your Assignment 1 for this week. Expert Answer and Explanation Focused SOAP Note SUBJECTIVE DATA: Chief Complaint: “I have chest pain that has lasted about a month.” History of Present Illness (HPI): Brian Foster
[2023] Spirituality in Nursing: Enhancing Holistic Patient Care
Spirituality in Nursing: Enhancing Holistic Patient Care Spirituality plays a vital role in the nursing profession, empowering nurses to connect with patients on a deeper level and provide holistic care. Beyond physical and emotional well-being, addressing spiritual needs can significantly impact patient outcomes and overall well-being. In this article, we explore the significance of spirituality in nursing, the benefits it offers, and how nurses can effectively incorporate spiritual care in their practice. Introduction to Spirituality in Nursing Spirituality encompasses beliefs, values, and practices that give meaning and purpose to an individual’s life. In the context of nursing, spirituality extends beyond religious affiliations and encompasses a person’s inner journey, connectedness to others, and their understanding of life and illness. The Role of Spirituality in Patient Care Understanding the Patient as a Whole Recognizing patients as multidimensional beings with spiritual needs is a fundamental aspect of nursing. Acknowledging their beliefs and values allows nurses to provide care that aligns with the patient’s unique perspective. Cultivating Empathy and Compassion Spiritual care fosters empathy and compassion in nursing practice. By acknowledging the spiritual dimension, nurses can better understand the emotional and psychological struggles faced by patients, fostering a more compassionate approach to care. The Benefits of Integrating Spirituality in Nursing Practice Enhancing Psychological Well-being Addressing spirituality can contribute to improved psychological well-being in patients. It provides a sense of comfort and hope, which can be especially beneficial during challenging times. Managing Stress and Burnout Spiritual practices like mindfulness and meditation can help nurses manage stress and prevent burnout. By taking care of their spiritual needs, nurses can enhance their emotional resilience. Improving Patient Satisfaction Patients who receive spiritual care often report higher levels of satisfaction with their healthcare experience. Integrating spirituality in nursing practice can lead to better patient outcomes and overall satisfaction. How Nurses Can Address Spiritual Needs Active Listening and Open Communication Effective spiritual care starts with active listening and open communication. By giving patients an opportunity to express their beliefs and concerns, nurses can better understand and address their spiritual needs. Supporting Religious and Cultural Beliefs Nurses should respect and support patients’ religious and cultural beliefs. This involves accommodating religious practices and facilitating connections with spiritual leaders when requested. Collaborating with Chaplains and Spiritual Counselors In healthcare settings, collaboration between nurses and chaplains or spiritual counselors can enhance the quality of spiritual care provided to patients. Such partnerships allow for comprehensive support addressing all aspects of a patient’s spirituality. Overcoming Challenges in Implementing Spiritual Care Navigating Ethical Dilemmas Incorporating spirituality in nursing can present ethical challenges, especially when beliefs conflict with medical practices. Nurses must navigate these dilemmas with sensitivity and respect for patients’ autonomy. Respecting Diverse Beliefs Spiritual care should embrace diversity and inclusivity. Nurses must be open-minded and non-judgmental when encountering patients with different spiritual backgrounds. Spirituality and End-of-Life Care Providing Comfort and Support In end-of-life care, spirituality becomes even more significant. Providing comfort and emotional support to patients and their families during this critical time can greatly influence the dying process. Assisting with Grief and Loss Nurses play a crucial role in assisting patients and families through the grieving process. Spiritual care can help individuals find solace and meaning during times of profound loss. The Connection Between Nurse Spirituality and Job Satisfaction When nurses are encouraged to explore their own spirituality, it can lead to higher levels of job satisfaction. A strong connection to their inner selves enables nurses to approach their work with greater purpose and fulfillment. Training and Education for Spiritual Care in Nursing To effectively address spiritual needs, nurses require proper training and education. Integrating spiritual care into nursing curricula and providing ongoing professional development can empower nurses to deliver more comprehensive care. Incorporating Mindfulness and Meditation Practices Mindfulness and meditation practices are valuable tools in nurturing the spiritual well-being of both nurses and patients. These practices promote self-awareness and emotional balance. Spirituality in Nurse-Patient Relationships By fostering a deeper connection through spiritual care, nurses can strengthen nurse-patient relationships. Trust and understanding between healthcare providers and patients can lead to better treatment outcomes. Case Studies: Successful Spiritual Care Interventions Exploring real-life case studies where spiritual care positively impacted patient outcomes can inspire and guide nurses in implementing similar interventions. The Future of Spirituality in Nursing As the healthcare landscape evolves, spirituality is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in nursing practice. The integration of spiritual care is likely to become a standard approach to delivering patient-centered care. Conclusion In conclusion, spirituality in nursing goes beyond religious beliefs and delves into the core of human existence. By recognizing and addressing the spiritual needs of patients, nurses can enhance the quality of care provided and foster a deeper connection with those they serve. Embracing spirituality in nursing practice not only benefits patients but also contributes to the well-being and job satisfaction of nurses themselves. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) 1. What is the difference between spirituality and religion in nursing? Spirituality encompasses a broader sense of meaning and purpose in life, while religion refers to organized belief systems and practices. In nursing, spirituality is inclusive of various beliefs, beyond specific religious affiliations. 2. How can nurses ensure they are respecting patients’ diverse spiritual beliefs? Nurses can demonstrate respect for diverse spiritual beliefs by listening actively, being non-judgmental, and supporting patients’ choices related to their spiritual practices. 3. Is spirituality in nursing only relevant in end-of-life care? While spirituality is particularly significant in end-of-life care, it is relevant throughout a patient’s healthcare journey. Addressing spiritual needs can positively impact patient well-being at any stage of illness. 4. Can nurses integrate mindfulness and meditation practices into their busy schedules? Yes, nurses can incorporate brief mindfulness and meditation exercises during breaks or at the beginning and end of their shifts. These practices can help promote self-care and emotional balance. 5. How can nurses overcome challenges related to integrating spiritual care in healthcare settings? Nurses can overcome challenges by seeking support from chaplains or spiritual counselors, engaging in interprofessional collaboration,
[ANSWERED 2023] Why it is important for a nurse leader to understand variance reporting. How does this reporting become a valuable tool?
Why it is important for a nurse leader to understand variance reporting. How does this reporting become a valuable tool? 1) Why it is important for a nurse leader to understand variance reporting. How does this reporting become a valuable tool? 2)Staffing is usually the most expensive resource in the provision of care, what reports would provide valuable info for this expense? 3) Finance department regard nursing units as not being revenue generator. Why would you believe they’re inaccurate in their assessment? Expert Answer and Explanation Variance Reporting and Aspects of Budgeting In healthcare, budget reporting helps hospitals to identify their expenses including the deviation between these expenses and what they projected to spend, allowing them to make better decisions in terms of how they allocate resources, and budget for various programs. For instance, a hospital can use the generated budget reports to make decisions in terms of what to spend on staff, and the amount of duns to use to acquire essential resources and medical supplies. The budgeting process involves creating a plan with details of what one intends to spend, and what they think they would earn based on the services they provide. When there is a deviation between the forecasted and the planned financial outcomes, this phenomenon is known as budget variance, with variance reporting denoting the resulting report with details of how the variance occurred (Nuti et al., 2021). It is important to explore why a nurse leader should understand it, and the information that is pertinent to understanding staffing. The Need for Nurse Leaders to Understand Variance Reporting, and how it becomes an Essential Tool For a nurse leader, understanding the variance reporting is crucial in the sense that it informs the decisions they make regarding the management of costs and the allocation of resources. A variance report reveals any discrepancy between the expenses, both actual and budgeted, and by reviewing this report, the nurse leader gains insight into the areas where they can add resources to optimize operational outcomes (Anderson et al., 2020). With this information, still, the leader can understand the different metrics, and make meaningful decisions such as identifying measures that if they initiate in nursing settings, can improve patients’ wellbeing (El-Sayed Aly et al., 2022). Variance reporting becomes a vital tool for nurse leaders by helping them identify opportunities for the improvement of certain processes that can help optimize clinical outcomes. A nurse informed by this tool, for instance, can make changes to the cash flows to match the resource requirements in specific units or areas. For instance, a nurse leader can rely on reports to identify areas facing a shortage of resources and respond to this by adjusting the budget to address the shortfalls (Kawaguchi et al., 2019). The report also forms an integral tool for informing decision-making during the subsequent budget preparation activities. Relying on what worked in the previous budget, a nurse leader can replicate the same in future budgets. The Reports that Would Provide Valuable Information for the Staffing Expenses When one wants to identify the expenses on staffing, they would rely on various reports which provide vital information in terms of the money used on various staffing activities and programs. As one of the forms of report, employee expense provides a crucial indicator of what is spent in various areas, including the amount and the reason for spending it. One would also rely on the compensation and benefit report which provides the details about benefits and salaries that various carders of staff received (Wieczorek-Wójcik et al., 2022). Part of the reports they would use when assessing the incurred expenses is the travel expense report which denotes a report that includes what the organization spent on employees’ transport. This could be in the form of the expenses on the fuel or transport allowance. These reports are resourceful to those who want to gauge whether a significant amount of the hospital’s budget goes into staffing. Why the Finance Department is Inaccurate in its Assessment of the Nursing Units The finance department’s notion that nursing does not generate revenue but is an expense is inaccurate. Health plans compensate healthcare providers for physician-based care, but they do not receive direct compensation because they provide nursing care. In this case, therefore, the department views nursing as an expense. This is inaccurate because nursing work complements the services that physicians provide because they implement physicians’ instructions, and are directly involved in the delivery of care. Recently, the scope of nursing practice has improved, with nurses playing an important role in addressing patients’ health concerns (Lasater et al., 2021). Due to the evolving role of the nurse, nurses in states such as Colorado are legally allowed to prescribe medications. Failing to recognize how nurses are bridging the gap in health care access by not recognizing the role nursing units play amounts to the wrong assessment of these units. Thus, there is a need to include these units in the pool of sectors that generate revenue. Conclusion In conclusion, variance reporting is important to a nurse because they can use the information on units with limited resources, and make apt decisions that can help improve the subsequent budgeting activities. When a nurse leader wants to identify the sum of the expenses on staffing, they would explore the individual reports including the report that shows the travel expenses. Using these reports, the nurse leader can be able to tell whether their organization is spending more on staffing. Despite the view that managing nursing units require money, these units support service delivery, enhancing the physicians’ work. It is therefore wrong to consider them as expenses, as opposed to viewing them as revenue generators. References Anderson, D. M., Cronk, R., Best, L., Radin, M., Schram, H., Tracy, J. W., & Bartram, J. (2020). Budgeting for Environmental Health Services in Healthcare Facilities: A Ten-Step Model for Planning and Costing. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062075. El-Sayed Aly, R. I., Ahmed Mohamed ELBahlawan, G., Aly, M. R., & Mohamed Elsayed, B.
[ANSWERED 2023] A 70-year-old woman is in your office complaining of recently having trouble maintaining her balance after taking diazepam
A 70-year-old woman is in your office complaining of recently having trouble maintaining Post your answers to the 6 questions corresponding to this week’s content on primary care medication management. Provide your responses and rationales. Support your rationales with high-level evidence. (See Post Expectations) A 70-year-old woman is in your office complaining of recently having trouble maintaining her balance after taking diazepam (valium). She occasionally takes diazepam when she feels anxious and has trouble sleeping. She has a 15-year history of taking diazepam. Q1. Explain the cause of this patient’s difficulty in maintaining her balance? Q2. Diazepam experiences a significant first-pass effect. What is the first-pass effect, and how can first-pass metabolism be circumvented? A 75-year-old woman develops symptoms of a cold and buys an over-the-counter cold medication at the grocery store. The medication contains diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, and phenylephrine. She takes the recommended adult dose but soon after taking the medication, she becomes very confused and disoriented. Q3. What is likely causing the signs of confusion? A 26-year-old woman who has never been pregnant is seeking preconception care as she is planning to pursue pregnancy in a couple of months. Currently, she has no symptoms to report and on review of body systems, there were no concerns. Her past medical history is significant for a history of rheumatic fever as a child. She subsequently underwent valve replacement with a mechanical heart valve. She is followed by a cardiologist who has already evaluated her cardiac function and she has received clearance from her cardiologist to pursue pregnancy. Records from her cardiologist include a recent cardiac echocardiography report that reveals a normal ejection fraction indicating normal cardiac function. She has no alterations in her daily activities related to her heart. She has no other significant medical or surgical history. She is a non-smoker, drinks occasionally but has stopped as she is attempting to conceive, and does not use any non-prescription drugs. Current Medications: Her current medications include only prenatal vitamins, which she has begun in anticipation of pregnancy, and warfarin. She has no known drug allergies. Vital Signs: On examination, her pulse is 80 beats per minute, blood pressure is 115/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute, and she is afebrile. Measurements: Weight = 152 pounds, Height = 5′5 ″, BMI= 25.29 Q4. How is warfarin metabolized? Does warfarin cross the placental barrier? Q5. Explain the hepatic drug metabolism of children 1 year and older. How do they compare with the hepatic drug metabolism of infants and adults? Q6. Explain protein binding in the neonate. Expert Answer and Explanation A 70-year-old woman is in your office complaining of recently having trouble maintaining her balance after taking diazepam (valium). She occasionally takes diazepam when she feels anxious and has trouble sleeping. She has a 15-year history of taking diazepam. Q1. Explain the cause of this patient’s difficulty in maintaining her balance? The main side effects of diazepam include drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination (Greenblatt et al., 2020). The impaired coordination could be the primary reason why the patient could not maintain her balance. Q2. Diazepam experiences a significant first-pass effect. What is the first-pass effect, and how can first-pass metabolism be circumvented? The first-pass effect refers to the phenomenon in which a significant portion of an orally administered drug is metabolized by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. First-pass can be circumvented through the use of alternative routes of administration such as intravenous (IV) administration directly delivers the drug into the bloodstream (Greenblatt et al., 2020). Other routes include buccal or sublingual administration, and transdermal patches. A 75-year-old woman develops symptoms of a cold and buys an over-the-counter cold medication at the grocery store. The medication contains diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, and phenylephrine. She takes the recommended adult dose but soon after taking the medication, she becomes very confused and disoriented. Q3. What is likely causing the signs of confusion? The confusion and disorientation in the 75-year-old woman is caused by the caused by the presence of diphenhydramine in the over-the-counter cold medication (Grinnell et al., 2022). As an antihistamine medication, diphenhydramine effects on the central nervous system which can also cross the blood-brain barrier and interfere with cognitive function. The sedative effect of the medication is more pronounced for older adults leading to confusion and disorientation. A 26-year-old woman who has never been pregnant is seeking preconception care as she is planning to pursue pregnancy in a couple of months. Currently, she has no symptoms to report and on review of body systems, there were no concerns… Current Medications: Her current medications include only prenatal vitamins, which she has begun in anticipation of pregnancy, and warfarin. She has no known drug allergies. Vital Signs: On examination, her pulse is 80 beats per minute, blood pressure is 115/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute, and she is afebrile. Measurements: Weight = 152 pounds, Height = 5′5 ″, BMI= 25.29 Q4. How is warfarin metabolized? Does warfarin cross the placental barrier? Warfarin is metabolized primarily in the liver through various enzymes that convert warfarin into inactive metabolites that are then excreted by the kidneys (Grinnell et al., 2022). The warfarin molecules are relatively small in size which make them to cross the placental barrier. However, the transfer is limited and usually considered to be low. Q5. Explain the hepatic drug metabolism of children 1 year and older. How do they compare with the hepatic drug metabolism of infants and adults? The hepatic drug metabolism of children 1 year and older begins to mature and become more similar to that of adults. Enzyme systems, become more developed, leading to improved drug metabolism and clearance (Grinnell et al., 2022). Infants have lower levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which can lead to slower drug metabolism and elimination, potentially requiring dose adjustments for certain medications. Adult hepatic drug metabolism, on the other hand, is generally fully developed and efficient. Q6. Explain protein binding in the neonate. Protein binding in the neonate is a crucial pharmacokinetic factor that influences how drugs are
[SOLVED 2023] For this assignment select a specific business; it can be one you work for or, better yet, one you would like to work for in the future. Make sure the company you select meets the following criteria
For this assignment select a specific business; it can be one you work for or, better yet, Unit VIII Assignment 1 Instructions For this assignment select a specific business; it can be one you work for or, better yet, one you would like to work for in the future. Make sure the company you select meets the following criteria: It must have a written code of ethics and operate at the benevolent level of CSR (corporate social responsibility). Search online for the company’s website, and review its code of ethics and its report on its corporate social responsibility programs; be sure to identify any of its sustainability practices—this may be a separate link. Write a report on your chosen company’s code of ethics and CSR. In your report, address whether you believe that leaders of organizations have a duty to all stakeholders or just to stockholders. Present a business argument either for or against corporate social responsibility. Be sure to include an introduction. Your report must be at least two pages in length, not counting the title or reference pages. Adhere to APA style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed. EXPEERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Unit VIII Assignment 1 Introduction In an attempt to offer fulfilled services to clients, companies have set code of ethics that also allow them to avoid manipulation of different stakeholders. The presence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs by companies also allows them to participate in community development activities and hence boost their reputations among current and existing customers (Jamali, Lund-Thomsen, & Jeppesen, 2017). Google is one of the multinational companies that have a strong code of ethics and CSR practices that provide a ground for establishing sustainable practices in the management of the organization. Review of the Company’s Code of Ethics on its CSR Programs The guiding code of conduct in Google is that everything done in the business should be set within the highest applicable standards of business conduct. This includes the individual respect of the users of the company products and commitment to attending to their individual needs. As a part of the ethics of the company, the core values of usefulness, integrity, security, privacy, take action, responsiveness, and freedom of expression build to the sustenance of moral practices (Alphabet Investor Relations, 2020). Being a technology company, Google is more concerned with ensuring data privacy and proper management of information (Whelan, 2019). For example, during Google-enabled surveys, the company has put in place features that prohibit any party from extracting data from other parties without their informed consent. Such elements have contributed to the success of the company. Among the CSR operations of Google is Google Green, a project in which Google products are focused to conserving the environment. Under this project, Google has invested over 1 billion USD in the renewable energy projects of different companies (Alphabet Investor Relations, 2020). Other CSR operations mainly affect the employees, where the company ensures proper employee compensation and workplace designs that are convenient. Sustainable Practices Some of the sustainable practices of the company include equal employment opportunity, where the employee recruitment process in the company is purely based on merit. Sexual, physical, mental, or any other form of harassment is condemned in the organization. The company has a solid reporting system where employees who face discrimination or bullying, even from the managers, can report the perpetrators (Dasgupta, Nagaraj, & Nagamani, 2016). To ensure that the company environment is safe, it prevents any form of substance abuse that could alter the normal working of the individuals in the organization. Duty of the Organizational Leaders to all Stakeholders Organizational leaders are responsible to ensuring a suitable environment not only to stockholders but all to the entire stakeholders. This is especially because they are the overall managers of firms, and failure to follow the proper leadership guidelines could mean inadequate managerial representation. Google’s organizational leaders are expected to help employees enjoy a safe environment, customers enjoy the company products, and stockholders to generally have proper returns on their investments (Alphabet Investor Relations, 2020). Conclusion Google is one of the companies that have solid CSR and programs that allow the engagement of the company with the immediate environment. The code of ethics of Google also allows proper privacy and data security, which could otherwise be among some of the major problems in the technology giant. Sustainable practices in the company include but are not limited to a hiring system that is based on merit. References Alphabet Investor Relations, (2020). Google Code of Conduct. https://abc.xyz/investor/other/google-code-of-conduct/ Dasgupta, A., Nagaraj, R., & Nagamani, K. (2016). An internet of things platform with Google eddy stone beacons. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 9(6), 291-295. Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Jeppesen, S. (2017). SMEs and CSR in developing countries. Business & Society, 56(1), 11-22. Whelan, G. (2019). Born political: A dispositive analysis of Google and copyright. Business & Society, 58(1), 42-73. Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Introduction Coca-Cola is one of the companies in the world with a brand that has been dominant for decades. Therefore, the strategies that the company has been using in their marketing and product awareness creation have been the best and this has given them the edge that has made the company to be more profitable compared to their competitors (Scutaru, 2020). There are some strategies that have created a positive culture for the company making it appealing to the customers and also motivate their employees to give their best in their assigned duties which are having a working code of ethics and being involved in corporate social activities (CSR) Code of ethics and corporate social responsibilities for Coca-Cola The code of ethics in Coca-Cola suggests that all their employees share be treated fairly in their workplaces regardless of their ethnicity, gender, race or spirituality. This is necessary as it will lead to the diversity that the company needs (Shaikh & Usmani, nd). Diversity has been one of the leading factors that leads to innovation making the organization have multiple ways of solving
[ANSWERED 2023] The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the signature assignment. The idea is for the student to take a stepwise approach
The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the signature assignment. The idea is for the student to take a stepwise approach to completing the signature assignment. The signature assignment will be broken up into three steps: STEP 1 – Introduction and Overview of the Problem; STEP 2 – Project Purpose Statement, Background & Significance and PICOt Formatted Clinical Project Question; and STEP 3 – Literature Review and Critical Appraisal of the Literature. The three steps, when completed, will be combined in the final Signature Assignment formal paper in Week 8. This week’s assignment is STEP 1 – Introduction and Problem Statement. First, the student will select a clinical question from the Approved List of PICOt/Clinical Questions or seek approval for a question from the course professor only for Nurse Educator and Health Care Leadership MSN majors who wish to tailor their research question to their specialized major. The student will select an approved topic from the list (or with faculty approval as previously stated) and will customize the question to meet his or her interest. Next, the student will use the outline below and submit via a Word doc to the assignment link. Provide a title that conveys or describes the assignment. Introduction – Provide an introduction to your topic or project. The introduction gives the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the project will cover and what can be gained from implementation of this project. Overview of the Problem – Provide a synopsis of the problem and some indication of why the problem is worth exploring or what contribution the proposed project is apt to make to practice. References – Cite references using APA 7th ed. Manual. Expectations Due: Monday, 11:59 pm PT Format: Completed Word doc with references in APA 7th ed. format File name: Save the file with Student First Name_Last Name_Part 1 Expert Answer and Explanation Vaccination Awareness Among Adults Introduction Vaccination is among the crucial health procedures that keeps humanity away from the risk of deadly illnesses. With the invention of vaccines, mortality from diseases such as measles, tetanus, polio, pneumonia, and meningitis has significantly reduced. Vaccines help the immune system to build a strong defense against a given illness before coming into contact with the disease-causing agent. According to World Health Organization, vaccination saves above four million lives annually (Bloom et al., 2017). Though vaccination is commonly administered to children, even adults should be vaccinated. Adult vaccination is important because childhood vaccines can wear off with time, leaving adults prone to illnesses. Also, they can spread the disease to prone individuals. The Internet can help improve adult vaccine awareness and, in turn, improve the vaccination rate among adults. Overview of the Problem Most adults are ignorant of the vaccines recommended for them. As a result, they are not updated with vaccination which leaves them at risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses. With the increase in age, the body’s immune system weakens, and if they contract these diseases, it could be life-threatening. Most diseases and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases occur in adults (Ohfuji et al., 2019). Vaccine-preventable diseases can be passed from one person to another, and if adults fail to take vaccines, they could put the lives of their loved ones at risk. Adults are familiar with vaccines such as the influenza vaccine, whose level of awareness is high. However, they do not know about other vaccines, such as measles, mumps, tetanus, hepatitis A and B, papillomavirus, rubella, and diphtheria. There is a need for adults to know about these other vaccines for the benefit of their health (Alison et at., 2018). Lack of awareness could lead to an outbreak that could affect the entire population. To prevent such occurences, it is necessary to educate adults about these vaccines to avoid risking other people’s lives. Patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes are prone to other infections. Their immune system is weakened, and this exposes them to other diseases. For such patients, contracting vaccine-preventable diseases could put their health under strain. Having such patients well informed of the vaccination options they have could help them improve their health. Also, it helps to avoid complications and give the patients a longer life span. Many adults are hesitant to embrace vaccination. The lack of proper understanding of vaccines increases the resistance to be vaccinated. For example, many people have expressed their disapproval of the coronavirus vaccine. Many hold onto mythical beliefs about vaccines, making it hard for health professionals to counter the disease (Dror., 2020). Having awareness protocols to address the public fears concerning the vaccine can help change the attitude towards vaccination. There is a necessity to address these fears because a lack of participation from the public could make efforts to combat the disease unproductive and risk the lives of many people. Vaccination, diet, and exercise contribute to healthy adult life and transitioning to old age. Individuals who take part in the triad have few health complications and tend to live longer. However, there is a lower vaccination coverage, which adversely impacts the efforts to promote healthy living. Among the factors promoting inadequate vaccination coverage is the lack of awareness which is possible to address (Serra et al., 2021). A well-informed public about vaccination will clearly understand the recommended vaccines and consistently follow up based on their health, age, and lifestyle. In today’s world, technology has made it easy to transmit information. The use of the Internet can help solve the problem of vaccine awareness. The Internet has become a fundamental tool in the day to day activities. Ignorance about vaccination contributes to low vaccination rates among adults (Lu et al., 2017). However, with the help of the Internet is possible to reach out to many adults and offer the lacking information about vaccination. Holding Internet campaigns with slogans to sensitize the public is one way that can work. Health
[ANSWERED 2023] Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources
Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches Discussion: Searching Databases When you decide to purchase a new car, you first decide what is important to you. If mileage and dependability are the important factors, you will search for data focused more on these factors and less on color options and sound systems. The same holds true when searching for research evidence to guide your clinical inquiry and professional decisions. Developing a formula for an answerable, researchable question that addresses your need will make the search process much more effective. One such formula is the PICO(T) format. In this Discussion, you will transform a clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. To Prepare: Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources. Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of interest to you for further study. By Day 3 of Week 4 Post your PICO(T) question, the search terms used, and the names of at least two databases used for your PICO(T) question. Then, describe your search results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provide examples. Readings Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. Chapter 2, “Asking Compelling Clinical Questions” (pp. 33–54) Chapter 3, “Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions” (pp. 55–92) Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworks for LIS professionals. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WS5N Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nesting. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010a). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step in evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368959.11129.79 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: Step by step: Igniting a spirit of inquiry. American Journal of Nursing, 109(11), 49–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000363354.53883.58 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010b). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Searching for the evidence. American Journal of Nursing, 110(5), 41–47. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000372071.24134.7e Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981 Walden University Library. (n.d.-c). Evidence-based practice research: CINAHL search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/cinahlsearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-d). Evidence-based practice research: Joanna Briggs Institute search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/jbisearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-e). Evidence-based practice research: MEDLINE search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/medlinesearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-h). Quick Answers: How do I find a systematic review article related to health, medicine, or nursing? Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670 Expert Answer and Explanation Searching Databases The PICOT Question Perioperative outcomes are a major factor that affects the perceptions held by patients on helpful surgical procedures. With reported cases of poor postoperative outcomes, many patients who are scheduled to undergo surgery usually shy off opting to consider other forms of treatment which in some cases end up not being helpful. The application of the ERAS pathway has been hailed to be useful in improving the postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure (Chiu et al., 2018). However, the implementation of this pathway is far from the ideal levels. It is for this reason that a clinical inquiry to find out the efficacy of the ERAS pathway in improving postoperative outcomes was conducted. The PICOT question used in the inquiry reads as follows, ‘In patients undergoing general surgery does the ERAS pathway as compared to the standard care assist to improve postoperative outcomes one week after the surgical procedure?’ In this case, the postoperative outcomes can be measured by assessing the length of hospital stay, pain scores, and the intensity scale of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PNOV) P – patients who have undergone general surgery, I– ERAS pathway C – standard pathway O – shorter hospitalization period, lower pain scores, and decreased intensity of PNOV. T – one week after the surgical procedure. Search Terms and Databases Used for the PICOT Question One of the steps of embracing an evidence-based approach is by conducting a thorough inquiry on a clinical issue to inform the implementation of a practical solution. To collect evidence, a search for valid and reliable research literature is encouraged (Melnyk et al., 2009). However, this process may not be as simple as it seems given the numerous articles available on different clinical issues. That is why the use of search terms in reliable article databases can prove useful. There are several databases that could be used to search for information regarding health topics. Since this specific problem involves the use of the ERAS pathway, nursing databases are the most suitable for searching for this kind of information. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews database is the first candidate, as it is known to have a vast collection of nursing articles. MEDLINE was also used in this search as it contains articles with a broad range of medical topics. Also, both databases are easily accessible from the Walden University Library. The search terms used included the ERAS pathway, ERAS
[ANSWERED 2023] Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations in your essay. Use strict APA guidelines to format the paper
Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your Module 1: Assignment Remember to submit your work following the file naming convention FirstInitial.LastName_M01.docx. For example, J.Smith_M01.docx. Remember that it is not necessary to manually type in the file extension; it will automatically append. Start by reading and following these instructions: Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling. Assignment: The History of Healthcare Finance. Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations in your essay. Use strict APA guidelines to format the paper. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount and an abstract and table of contents are not necessary and if included are not part of the overall word count. Healthcare finance has change drastically since 1950. Please discuss the changes that have occurred and the effect on healthcare delivery with each change. Expert Answer and Explanation The History of Healthcare Finance The US healthcare finance has experienced many changes over the past seventy years. Papanicolas et al. (2018) noted that rapid advances in medical technology and science, budget-busting increases in health care expenditures fueled by public and private insurance, and substantial gains in health outcomes attributable to medical care have marked the financial changes in the US healthcare system in the past seven decades. As the country struggles to get out of a multiyear economic and financial crisis, the public and policymakers have increasingly in on healthcare expenditures that are rising sharply (Waxman, 2012). In other words, since 1950, US healthcare finance has changed drastically regarding payment sources and objects of expenditure. This purpose has discussed the changes that have occurred in US healthcare finance since 1950 and how they have impacted healthcare delivery. In the 1950s, various changes in US healthcare affected healthcare finance. For instance, the Revenue Act of 1954 excluded employers’ contributions to workers’ health plans from taxable income (Permanyer & Scholl, 2019). This law impacted healthcare delivery by ensuring that employees received various health services. In 1956, the military program was enacted to provide health insurance to family members of officers of the Armed forces. The change improved the accessibility of care to family members of Armed forces officers. The 1960s marked a huge milestone in US healthcare finance. In 1960, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Plan (FEHBP) was formed to provide health insurance for federal workers (Permanyer & Scholl, 2019). This law improved federal workers’ access to care by reducing the cost of care. In 1965, President Johnson passed the Medicare and Medicaid programs and signed them into law, with Truman on his side. The two programs marked a fundamental healthcare finance change in the American healthcare system. Medicare Part A was designed to pay for home health care, limited skilled nursing, and hospital care. Optional Medicare Part B was to support paying for physician care. Medicaid was a separate program. It was designed to help states cover healthcare services for long-term care, the disabled, and people from poor classes (Waxman, 2012). Medicare was developed for people aged 65 years and above, people with End-Stage Renal Disease, and certain younger people with disabilities. The program pays for hospital and medical costs. Medicare Part A helps pay for a limited time at a skilled nursing facility after a hospital stay. This part also pays for some hospice and home health care (Malekinejad et al., 2018). Part B helps eligible people pay for services from care providers such as doctors, home health care, outpatient care, preventive services, and durable medical equipment. The program may also cover the cost of hearing, health and wellness programs, and dental care. It also pays for prescribed drugs. Medicaid was developed to provide health coverage to some people with limited resources and income. This program is run by states with the help of the federal government. The mandatory benefits the federal government requires states to provide include physician services, inpatient and outpatient hospital services, home health services, and laboratory and x-ray services, among others (Waxman, 2012). Optional benefits include case management, prescription drugs, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. The Medicare and Medicaid programs impacted healthcare finance by ensuring that older people aged 65 years and above, people with disabilities, individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease, and those with limited resources and finance access care at an affordable cost. Medicaid covers over 70 million American citizens today, and in 2014, it reimbursed about 50% of all hospitals’ medical expenses. The Congressional Budget Office forecasts that Medicare and Medicaid programs will survive indefinitely due to sweeping spending reforms that have been made. The Medicaid program was amended in 1967 to include additional services to the program. The amendment allowed the program to provide insurance coverage to Americans not receiving cash assistance. The amendment also added Early and Periodic Screening and Diagnostic Testing (EPSDT) to the program. In 1972, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was created. The program was created to provide monthly payments to children and adults with disabilities whose resources or income are below federal financial limits. The program also provided financial assistance to older people aged 65 and above without disabilities who meet the financial qualifications. This program impacted healthcare finance by providing older people and individuals with disabilities who are below the poverty line with the ability to access healthcare services at an affordable cost. The program pays for the care costs of people who meet eligibility criteria. Two years later, Hawaii Prepaid Health Care Act was passed. This act required employers in Hawaii to cover
[ANSWERED 2023] This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading feedback in your Professional’s Portfolio and use the following tag for your program
This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading Module 1: Assignment Benchmark Assignment This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading feedback in your Professional’s Portfolio and use the following tag for your program: MISM Tag: MISM-PG1 Assignment: Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be five sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount. What is systems thinking and how can management information systems enable and (possibly) improve business communications? When would you use a SWOT analysis to help you make business decisions? Why are competitive advantages temporary? What are Porter’s three generic strategies and how can a company add value by using Porter’s chain analysis? Define and Porter’s Five Forces model and explain each of the forces. Expert Answer and Explanation Business Management An organization’s success and continuity are based on the business management model applied to ensure success and development. Different organizations make use of other techniques that allow them to acquire competitive advantage and high market share. These techniques are essential since they promote better performance, increased productivity (Baltzan, 2018). Ensuring that performance mechanisms align with the structural overview helps create a culture, improve internal or external entities, and foster growth. Different tools can be applied to achieve proper business management, and each has a direct impact on the company’s outcome. Management Information Systems Currently, numerous organizations are slowly focusing on implementing technology in the day to day organizational practices. In this regard, system thinking entails an approach that focuses on understanding how one element can influence another as part of a whole (Al-Mamary, Al-Nashmi, Shamsuddin, & Abdulrab, 2019). The business model for business thinking entails integrations of a new system to an existing business model. The belief that the system’s integrated component differently can act if isolated from different design parts-various fundamental concepts make up the systems thinking process. Initially, the system requires interconnectedness, a mindset shift from a linear model of working to a circular motion. The other aspects include synthesis, combining of two or more items to discover a new entity (Al-Mamary et al., 2019). Feedback loops focus on communications, while causality is utilizing the cause and effect mechanism to determine the integration mechanism and proper system mapping. The systems thinking gives rise to a proper management information system that can improve business communications (El-Ebiary, Al-Sammarraie, Al Moaiad, & Alzubi, 2016). A management information system creates a platform to transform the communications infrastructure within an organization. Management information systems build an intranet that will avert the organization’s internal purposes, and communication through VOIP technologies. Through the intranet, the organization can ensure seamless and real-time communication that is secure and inaccessible by external entities (El-Ebiary et al., 2016). The information system can also facilitate the utilization of their communication channels such as company emails liked to the company domain, making it the company’s intellectual property in disputes or other management and administration aspects. SWOT Analysis A SWOT Analysis is a strategic analysis tool that can help comprehend both the internal and external factors affecting an organization and overcome these factors. The SWOT Analysis similarly focuses on business analysis, ensuring that an organization sets its objectives for a project and all the project factors identified (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). The SWOT analysis is an acronym for the four components it has towards managing projects and business development. These elements are the Strengths and Weakness making up for the internal strategies while the Opportunities and Threats representing the external entities that might affect the project implementation. Strengths The SWOT Analysis strengths comprise the attributes that a company does well and distinguishable among the competitors. These attributes are considered the building block and necessary for the organization (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). The strengths applied to the organization’s firm brand name, are its excellent reputation, employee motivation, and high market share. Weaknesses These are aspects of the organization that can prevent successful results from being attained. Weaknesses must have to be honest without concealing other attributes that have the potential to interrupt the attainment of success (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Factors that makeup weaknesses within an organization’s project include difficulties with communication, internal departmental rivalry, inadequate resources, or even the lack of financing. Opportunities As an external factor, opportunities are the organization’s elements or take advantage of by the organization to facilitate attaining the intended goals. Options range from human resources, equipment, technologies, and other attributes that are not part of the organization but can offer change (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Some of the opportunities include suppliers, vendors, company reputation from the consumer perspective, and the market conditions. Threats Threats are equally external factors but can affect the proper functionality of business operations. These obstacles occur daily and can easily damage the organization leading to numerous challenges for the organization. The SWOT analysis through the threats section identifies many of these issues, making it apparent to determine control measures (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Threats range from challenges to supply, market trend changes, government regulations, and technological advancement. Competitive Advantage A business strategy’s primary goal is to develop a sustainable competitive advantage over competing products or other industry players. Competitiveness is essential in maintaining a larger market share and increasing the capacity of growth and development (Dagnino, Picone, & Ferrigno, 2016). Competitiveness can range from a greater return on assets, higher profit margins, valuable resources including unique competencies, or brand reputation, among many others; the identification and development of company competitive advantage are essential for