Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare
Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare Discussion: Healthcare Information Technology Trends Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes. In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment. To Prepare: Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies. Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information. Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery. By Day 3 of Week 6 Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples. McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287) Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317) Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338) Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355) Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388) Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449 HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.002 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. doi:10.3390/informatics4030032 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Information Technology Trends Description of General Healthcare Trends The 21st century has been coupled with numerous technological advances that seek to completely revolutionize the face of care. Among some of the biggest trends in healthcare is the use of electronic health records, artificial intelligence, and other more specific technologies such as biosensor tools. According to Cowie et al. (2017), electronic health records are the digital versions of patient charts that make instant availability of information of patients to the authorized users, as well as treatment and medical history of the patient. These electronic health records help in improving the ability of healthcare givers to share patient information and to coordinate the improvement of the patients (Barak-Corren et al., 2017). Artificial intelligence (AI) systems, on the other hand, are computerized simulations of human beings that can perform human functions such as data management, patient diagnoses, and routine medication. AI systems help in ensuring that the human elements of fatigue and making errors are reduced throughout the provision of care. These trends in healthcare have led to a complete change in the face of care. Potential Threats that may be Inherent to the Healthcare Trends While electronic health records help in making patient information instantly to the authorizes users, there is the risk of insecurity of the data, so that it gets to the wrong uses or to the wrong users. Whenever a patient submits their information to a database, it becomes hard for them to assume control over it, especially when some of them are too sick. People who are in teaching hospitals engage in a lot of research that uses patient data, and some of the time, they may not obtain proper consent before using this data (Rao-Gupta et al., 2017). This is one of the threats that jeopardizes the application of this technology in the healthcare continuum. Similarly, AI can be lethal if there is a problem in programming that proves to be challenging to patient outcomes. Potential Benefits and Potential Risks associated with Data Safety, Legislation, and Patient Care for the Described Technologies One of the potential benefits of using electronic health records with regard to legislation, data safety, and patient care is that it is easy to have a track of the usage of information from a system. This means that it would be hard for anyone to use the information for the wrong purposes (Skiba, 2017). A potential risk for the same is the fact that in some of the cases, such as the case of patients who are too sick, it may be hard to coordinate the system with things that require the conscious of the individuals, such as consent on health procedures. Most Promising Healthcare Trends in Impacting Nursing Practice I believe the rise of Artificial Intelligence is the most promising healthcare trend in nursing practice for several reasons. Top in the list is the fact that these technology systems help in reducing the ongoing problem of nursing shortage (Dykes
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.)
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with Source: USAHS TOPIC 1 DQ 1: Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.) as part of a community assessment and why these resources are important in population health promotion. TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Discuss how geopolitical and phenomenological place influence the context of a population or community assessment and intervention. Describe how the nursing process is utilized to assist in identifying health issues (local or global in nature) and in creating an appropriate intervention, including screenings and referrals, for the community or population. Expert Answer and Explanation: TOPIC 1 DQ 1 Population Health Promotion Population health promotion is the process of developing promotional messages and actions that can be used in educating people against certain health issues or prevention. Community health nurses and other community stakeholders, such as church leaders, local political leaders, and NGOs’ have vital roles in ensuring that population health promotion programs successes. Community health nurses are responsible for conducting studies and finding heath issues that ail the community population (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Also, they are responsible for developing promotion models that can be used to conducting health promotions. The community nurses in collaboration with other community leaders can search for funds to support population health promotion programs. The other community stakeholders, such as local politicians are responsible for developing and enacting policies that can ensure the success of health promotions (Watterson, 2017). Stakeholders such as church leaders can provide financial support for running of the health promotion. Appraising community resources, such as religious and nonprofit resources is so vital. Appraising community resources can help the community population understand the value of their resources, and this can motivate them to take care of them. Also, resource appraisal can help community leaders understand how they can distribute funds to run various health promotion programs within the community. Corley et al. (2016) argue that appraisal or evaluation can also help in curbing corruption and misuse of community funds and resources. Community resources should be regularly apprised because they are so vital in health promotion programs. For instance, the resources, such as community halls can be used in holding meetings and seminars during health education programs. References Corley, A. G., Thornton, C. P., & Glass, N. E. (2016). The role of nurses and community health workers in confronting neglected tropical diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(9), e0004914. Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic nursing, 36(1), 12. Watterson, A. (Ed.). (2017). Public health in practice. Macmillan International Higher Education. Alternative Answer and Explanation Role of Community Health Nurse The community is one of the main focuses for community health nurses. The healthcare sector conducts various community interventions which have to factor in a number of issues, the role of a community health nurse is crucial for any event involving the community as they have the necessary medical skills (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). The partnership between the community and the nurse can help create the necessary various roles to be performed by the nurse. For instance, the nurse is skilled and can easily identify issues affecting society and come up with means to offer remedies to these issues. The role focuses on the identification of needs, problems, and priorities for families, individuals, and other members of the community in general (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). Based on the information, the nurse can then formulate intervention plans for a municipal health and implement the plan within the community. The role of the nurse is also associated with appraising various community resources to evaluate whether they meet the requirements for operation. Every community action and resource need to be appraised for various reasons (Egbujie et al., 2018). For instance, appraisal for a nonprofit organization can assess whether the institution has the capacity to deliver on the purpose and whether they are aware of the issues that are being addressed. Appraisal of religious or spiritual groups focuses on the need for the provision of accurate information to the masses and correlates the data with the goals of the community action (NSU, 2017). These resources are important as they provide additional support, personnel, and other key services that are required for a holistic care delivery process. The healthcare sector comprises a number of key players and combining the resources for the betterment of the community. References Bigi, C., & Bocci, G. (2017). The key role of clinical and community health nurses in pharmacovigilance. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 73(11), 1379-1387. Egbujie, B. A., Delobelle, P. A., Levitt, N., Puoane, T., Sanders, D., & van Wyk, B. (2018). Role of community health workers in type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management: A scoping review. PloS one, 13(6), e0198424. NSU. (2017). The Nurse’s Role in Community Health. Northeastern State University Online. https://nursingonline.nsuok.edu/articles/rnbsn/nurses-role-in-community-health.aspx TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Process Community or population assessment and intervention can be influenced by many factors including phenomenological and geographical factors. Geographical and phenomenological factors can influence the financial or budgetary aspect of an intervention or assessment. For instance, a disease that has affected a large geographical area, a lot of funds will be used in implementing or assessing the impacts of the illness (Tan, 207). Different phenomena are solved in different ways. Thus, phenomenological factors can affect an intervention or assessment by determining the methods that will be used in the assessment or implementation of the intervention. Rabelo‐Silva et al. (2017) mention that the two factors can also affect the time of intervention implementation and assessment. For instance, the time that will be spent in implementing an intervention to prevent a disease in a whole country differs from the implementation of the same intervention in a single state. The nursing process involves many actions. The actions include researching, planning, diagnosis, assessment, and evaluation of health-related issues. The nursing process has largely been used in identifying health issues. For instance, nurse researchers have been used to research and identify certain health issues in society. Also, nurses have been used in assessing, evaluating, and reporting health issues to the public and government. Diagnosis is
Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment
Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Discussion: Workplace Environment Assessment How healthy is your workplace? You may think your current organization operates seamlessly, or you may feel it has many issues. You may experience or even observe things that give you pause. Yet, much as you wouldn’t try to determine the health of a patient through mere observation, you should not attempt to gauge the health of your work environment based on observation and opinion. Often, there are issues you perceive as problems that others do not; similarly, issues may run much deeper than leadership recognizes. There are many factors and measures that may impact organizational health. Among these is civility. While an organization can institute policies designed to promote such things as civility, how can it be sure these are managed effectively? In this Discussion, you will examine the use of tools in measuring workplace civility. Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Based on the results, how civil is your workplace? Explain why your workplace is or is not civil. Then, describe a situation where you have experienced incivility in the workplace. How was this addressed? Be specific and provide examples. Assignment: Workplace Environment Assessment Clearly, diagnosis is a critical aspect of healthcare. However, the ultimate purpose of a diagnosis is the development and application of a series of treatments or protocols. Isolated recognition of a health issue does little to resolve it. In this module’s Discussion, you applied the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory to diagnose potential problems with the civility of your organization. In this Portfolio Assignment, you will continue to analyze the results and apply published research to the development of a proposed treatment for any issues uncovered by the assessment. To Prepare: Review the Resources and examine the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory, found on page 20 of Clark (2015). Review the Work Environment Assessment Template. Reflect on the output of your Discussion post regarding your evaluation of workplace civility and the feedback received from colleagues. Select and review one or more of the following articles found in the Resources: Clark, Olender, Cardoni, and Kenski (2011) Clark (2018) Clark (2015) Griffin and Clark (2014) The Assignment (3-6 pages total): Part 1: Work Environment Assessment (1-2 pages) Review the Work Environment Assessment Template you completed for this Module’s Discussion. Describe the results of the Work Environment Assessment you completed on your workplace. Identify two things that surprised you about the results and one idea you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Explain what the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace. Part 2: Reviewing the Literature (1-2 pages) Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Explain how your organization could apply the theory highlighted in your selected article(s) to improve organizational health and/or create stronger work teams. Be specific and provide examples. Part 3: Evidence-Based Strategies to Create High-Performance Interprofessional Teams (1–2 pages) Recommend at least two strategies, supported in the literature, that can be implemented to address any shortcomings revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Recommend at least two strategies that can be implemented to bolster successful practices revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Expert Answer and Explanation Work Environment Assessment Summary of Results – Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory From the Clarks healthy workplace inventory, the results indicated that my workplace is very healthy with a score of 81 according to the inventory ratings (Clark, 2015). Some of the key features that ranked highly included appreciation of collective achievement, teamwork and collaboration, fair and respectful treatment of employees to list a few. The attributes that seemed lacking according to the inventory were improvement of organization culture, a comprehensive mentoring program for all employees, and allocation of adequate resources for professional growth and development. The results from the inventory had most of the items reviewed in the 4 scores (somewhat true). Identify two things that surprised you about the results. Also, identify one idea that you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Before taking the inventory, I was quite sure that my workplace environment was quite healthy but on carrying out the inventory, I found it surprising that some key areas were seemingly lacking which I never considered in my earlier assumption. I also found it surprising that. I was also surprised to find several key areas that could be improved from an organizational standpoint that I would have otherwise overlooked, which are essential in the development of a healthy work environment. what might seemingly seem as a flawless workplace environment may actually have some areas that stain the health of the workplace environment. However, the results confirmed my belief in the health status of my workplace environment which I considered as being favorable. What do the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace? The results indicate that the environment I work in is quite favorable and civil but with some room for improvement. It also shows that the civility experienced is a result of mutual respect for one another and the organizational policies in place that do not tolerate incivility. Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. The theory highlighted in an article by Clark (2015) highlights the aspect of encouraging open communication and conversations within the workplace as a way of developing a healthy and civil environment. The article reiterates that many nurses often fail to engage with uncivil colleagues at times when candid conversations are needed. Others often fail to express their concern of incivility especially when expressed by someone with a higher authority, and such cases at times can prove detrimental to patient outcomes. Therefore,
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader Many of us can think of leaders we have come to admire, be they historical figures, pillars of the industry we work in, or leaders we know personally. The leadership of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Margaret Thatcher has been studied and discussed repeatedly. However, you may have interacted with leaders you feel demonstrated equally competent leadership without ever having a book written about their approaches. What makes great leaders great? Every leader is different, of course, but one area of commonality is the leadership philosophy that great leaders develop and practice. A leadership philosophy is basically an attitude held by leaders that acts as a guiding principle for their behavior. While formal theories on leadership continue to evolve over time, great leaders seem to adhere to an overarching philosophy that steers their actions. What is your leadership philosophy? In this Assignment, you will explore what guides your own leadership. To Prepare: Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments. Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review. Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits. Download your Signature Theme Report to submit for this Assignment. The Assignment (2-3 pages): Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following: -A description of your core values -A personal mission/vision statement -An analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile -A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen -A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples. Expert Answer and Explanation Personal Leadership Philosophy Almost every popular leader practices behaviors which hinge on their personal leadership philosophy. One’s personal values shape how this behave, and for leaders, leadership philosophy can provide the framework for guiding how they relate with various stakeholders, and how they conduct themselves. An individual’s philosophy does not however reflect only in their behaviors, but in their personal mission statement as well (Khoshhal & Guraya, 2016). It is imperative, therefore, to explore personal leadership philosophy of an effective leader with emphasis on core values, profile strengths and behaviors. Core Values My philosophy for leadership is based on honesty, integrity and open-mindedness, and this philosophy is the anchor for my core values. I believe that a person in position of leadership has to be honest so that they be open in performing their roles. By being open, the leader makes it possible for the followers to be aware of what the leader wants and the approach to pursuing leadership objectives. I also hold in high esteem the ethical principles which guide behaviors, and personally, I feel that every leadership has to be an individual of integrity and set an example to the followers. Besides, I accept divergent views and opinions because this is one of the ways in which individuals can learn (Allen et al., 2016) Personal Vision My personal vision intertwines with my moral philosophy of respect for what others feel and think. People’s cultural identities diverge, and because of the divergence in individuals’ cultural beliefs and values, conflicts can occur while the leader exercises their leadership role especially when working with people with whom they culturally differ. I believe that people in leading positions can prevent organizational conflicts by leading the way in respecting people other cultures and the divergent views. On their part, a leader should strive to found out about the teaching and values from other cultures so that they can involve every follower, irrespective of their culture, in promoting organizational vision (Marshall & Broome, 2017). Clifton Strengths Assessment Reflecting on the outcomes from self-evaluation using the Clifton Strengths Assessment (CSA), I consider myself an effective communicator, an empathetic person and a strategist. While communicating a point, I tend to put together my thoughts and feelings in a way that others may understand whatever I message I convey. I believe that everyone has their weakest link, and for this reason, I tend to express empathy to people who make mistakes, and help them correct these mistakes. As a strategist, I study organizational situations, and apply my leadership knowledge to address any issue which arise in the organization. Behaviors that I wish to Strengthen While exhibit strengths when it comes to executing leadership functions, I need to make adjustments to the way I handle tasks and manage relationships. I tend to lose focus by taking multiple tasks, and I am also poor when it comes to relating with some employees. I always handle more than two tasks at once, and this can be overwhelming for me. In future, I will need to handle tasks, one at a time so that I avoid undesirable outcomes such as failing to properly complete tasks (Duggan et al., 2015). A Development Plan for Improvement of Behavior The intervention plan to change the undesirable behavior integrates various elements including the goals which the plan seeks to attain. In this context, the goals is to learn how to individually handle tasks and manage relationships. The learning process involves using a simulated management activity in which I have to virtually learn how to deal with situations related to handling of tasks and managing relationships. Conclusion In overview, individual’s personal philosophy mirror in how they behave and their core visions. When one is honest, empathetic and respect the views of others, their followers would want to emulate the former’s approach to leadership. Leaders, therefore, have to strive to continuously build relationships with those
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease?
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) The four principles, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, has often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. How would you rank the importance of each of the four principles? How do you believe they would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative? Refer to the topic Resources in your response. Expert Answer and Explanation Principles of Bioethics and Christianity The Christian worldview provides moral codes and guidelines that can be used in making decisions in terms of an ethical dilemma. These codes are the basic foundation on which the Christian biblical narrative is based. Human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and they ought to live with decorum, humility, and respect for life (Vang & Carter, 2021). The principle of bioethics would be ranked differently based on the Christian worldview with the principle of justice and fairness being the first on the list (IEP, 2012). Justice and fairness are important for every Christian since all human beings are the same in the eyes of God. In the healthcare sector, justice and fairness will ensure that each person is provided with the same type of care based on their different illness regardless of social class, gender, or age. The second principle would be beneficence since it embraces the need for doctors to act in the best interest of all patients. Beneficence ensures that proper medication is administered to help the patient recover from the illnesses. The third principle would be the autonomy of the patient. The biblical narrative denotes those human beings were given the will to be able to decide between right from wrong. In this regard, a patient has the right to determine whether they need medical attention or alternative care based on their understanding of the self. The final principle in line with the Christian worldview is the principle of nonmaleficence which addresses the issues associated with the need to prevent any harm to the patient (Aksoy & Tenik, 2002). After all, the necessary care has been administered in the correct manner, the principle of nonmaleficence can be applied to ensure that it informs on the best practice measures to take to help the patient through recovery or prevent further deterioration of the disease. References Aksoy, S., & Tenik, A. (2002). The’four principles of bioethics’ as found in 13th century Muslim scholar Mawlana’s teachings. BMC Medical Ethics, 3(1), 1-7. IEP. (2012). Bioethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Utm.edu. https://iep.utm.edu/bioethic/ Vang, P., & Carter, T. G. (2021). Telling God’s Story: The Biblical Narrative from Beginning to End. B&H Publishing Group. Alternative Answer and Explanation The four principles according to Hoehner (2022) help assist healthcare workers make decisions in ethics. This can be in combination with other tools that we have learned so far. However, it is important to note that Hoehner (2022) also suggests that like other tools, for each person, these four principles may be valued differently, as such, it is important for nurses to have a good understanding of what they mean and how they can be used both personally and professionally. I would rank the principles in order of importance according to my worldview or belief system as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. I do think that respecting a person’s choice is of utmost importance. The principle of autonomy ensures that patients are informed of all care options, it can promote honesty between patients and their health team, and provides support to informed consent procedures (Varkey, 2021). Consequently, I find myself at odds with my own list, as I feel that it is important to do no harm after supporting autonomy, which would be a contradiction if I were to practice a strictly Christian viewpoint. In the Christian view, the principles are listed as beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. I live very close to Oregon where assisted death is legal. This can be seen as murder to some, and a blessing to others. If I help assist a patient with their choice to die in this state because they practice their autonomy, am I not doing harm because I am respecting their wishes, or am I wrong? Or as a Christian, do not assist them, as it would be to cause harm and killing another person? As Hoehner (2022) suggests, using these principles can sometimes blur the lines of your own personal views and respecting patient wishes, and should be used on a case-by-case basis. References Hoehner, P. (2022). Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian values and decision making in health care (Second Edition). Grand Canyon University.BibliU – Reader – Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making in Health Care Varkey B. (2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119 What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications. Expert Answer and Explanation Christian Biblical Narrative The Christian biblical narrative contains four distinct concepts that can be used to elaborate on the nature of God and the reality of life as it relates to sickness, disease, hope, and motivation. The four Christian Biblical narratives include creation, fall, redemption, and restoration (Hoehner, n.d). The creation narrative iterates the abundance of the world from the perspective of how God created the world and everything in it and gave human beings power overall. In this regard, human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and expected to ensure the continuity of life on earth. However,
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Discuss the following: • What is cultural competence? • Are there steps nurses can take to achieve it? • How does it differ from cultural humility? • Briefly describe how a lack of cultural sensitivity may impact patients’ health and well-being and their future encounters with the healthcare system. • Why is it more important to focus on cultural humility rather than achieving cultural competence? Expert Answer and Explanation In the healthcare sector, cultural competence focuses on the ability of a nurse or any other medical professional to be aware of their cultural beliefs and values. Additionally, cultural competence also includes the awareness of how personal culture and perspectives are different from that of others (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). In the case of a nurse, cultural competence focuses on the ability to differentiate one’s cultural beliefs from that of the patient. Nurses can take different initiatives and steps to achieve cultural competence. The most efficient strategy is to interact with patients, improve self-awareness and learn about different cultures within the community. The strategies are key as they will create the needed awareness, and help improve the outcome of care. Cultural competence differs from cultural humility in different ways. Cultural competence encompasses the ability to work with patients from different cultures while at the same time identifying the impact that cultural bias might have on care delivery. On the other hand, cultural humility entails the capacity for care providers to recognize their limitations, assumptions, or challenges when working with other cultures to avoid bias or predetermined patient care (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). When nurses are not sensitive to cultural differences, they tend to provide biased medical care that does not meet patient autonomy. As a result, patient satisfaction is negatively affected. With modernization, care providers are more likely to encounter patients from different cultures which requires the need for cultural competence. Focusing on cultural humility is more sustainable than trying to be more culturally competent as a nurse cannot be able to be aware of different cultures. However, a nurse can identify their biases and adjust their care depending on the needs of the patient through cultural humility (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). Reference Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2018). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 9780826137272. Alternative Answer Cultural competence is the ability to appreciate, interact, and understand others cultures or beliefs that are different from their own (DeAngelis, 2015). “Cultural competence is defined as the attitudes, knowledge, and skills necessary for providing quality care to diverse populations” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p.8). Culturally competent nurses are able to deliver care that values the beliefs of their patients (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Culturally competent care does not just happen; there are steps nurses must take to become culturally competent. To become culturally competent, one must learn who they are first (Clay, 2010). Learn about your ancestors, personal background, be curious, and perform a self-assessment (Clay, 2010). Learn about different cultures by immersing yourself in their literature, language, and customs (Clay, 2010). Become comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings, converse with different religious groups, volunteer at community centers, and make friends with people of different cultures (Clay, 2010). Attend diversity training seminars to collaborate with other professionals (Clay, 2010). If culturally competent training is not offered at your institution, submit a process to formalize educational material for your organization and peers (Clay, 2010). Cultural humility recognizes that bias may occur and nurses need to understand and eliminate their own prejudices (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Healthcare providers need to recognize that their perspectives are influenced by policies that are dominated on the basis of whiteness and maleness (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural humility addresses unconscious biases a nurse may possess and empowers the nurse to work towards eliminating these biases while providing culturally competent care. Cultural sensitivity is having an attitude towards a specific culture or ethnic background and not saying offensive things directed at that background (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural sensitivity can also include the avoidance of particular words, phrases, or categorizations of individuals (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). An example of cultural sensitivity was the removal of the Washington Redskins name from the NFL due to the thoughts and feelings of the Native Americans. Nursing is a trusted profession by the public. Nurses as well as other healthcare providers must provide culturally sensitive care to know how to communicate with their patients and develop professional relationships (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Nurses must understand nonverbal communication, inclusive language, cultural customs, relatable medical terms, and the use of personal touch (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Failure to utilize culturally sensitive care can create unwanted distress for patients and they may fail to seek medical attention when required as a result. Nurses must be able to make their patients feel comfortable in a healthcare setting. Cultural competence is learning to accept and understand other cultures. Cultural humility is recognizing personal biases that may distort your perception of other cultures. Cultural sensitivity is recognizing those biases and behaving in an acceptable way towards different backgrounds. Providing care with “cultural sensitivity and cultural humility are both means to the end being cultural competence” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p. 6). References Clay, R. (2010). https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. DeAngelis, T. (2015, March). In search of cultural competence. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/03/cultural-competence. Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2019). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships. (2019, July 11). Minority Nurse. https://minoritynurse.com/the-role-of-cultural-sensitivity-in-building-patient-relationships/. Module 1 Assignment Assignment Description: Part 1: For this assignment, conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay. To understand culture and cultural diversity, you must understand your own culture and beliefs. Utilizing the Staircase Self-Assessment Model as a means of determining your level of cultural competency, write a 1250 to 1500-word essay outlining the six stages: cultural destructiveness, cultural
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook. Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis 1” template. Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1,” for an example of an article analysis. Expert Answer and Explanation Article Analysis-Quantitative Research in Healthcare The three different health care articles from GCU that use quantitative research include the following: Article Citation and Permalink (APA format) Solvik, E., & Struksnes, S. (2018). Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice. Nursing Research and Practice, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8984028 Wong, H., Karaca, Z., & Gibson, T. B. (2018). A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 004695801880090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018800906 Point Description Description Broad Topic Area/Title Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs Identify Independent and Dependent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables Independent variable: Training nursing skills Dependent variable: Nursing students experience before and after clinical practice Independent variable: Hospital costs Dependent variable: Physician influence on hospital costs The population of Interest for the Study The population of the study involved nursing students in their first year of bachelor’s program. The population entailed both female and male students. The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2008 State Inpatient Databases(SID) for Arizona and Florida. The target population in these states was physicians. Sample For the sampling, 160 students participated. They were divided into two classes whereby class 1 (N=79) was identified as the control group, and class 2 (N=81)was the project group. Samples were collected from various hospitals in 2 states with over 15,237 physicians. These were Arizona and Florida, where the research and 2.5 million hospital visits. Sampling Method The implemented sampling method was the use of questionnaires to be filled out by each student before submission. These questionnaires were answered in six-month intervals, one after the training session and the second after the clinical practice. The questionnaires were also coded with numbers such that the numbers represented a specific student and the class affiliation. The hierarchy model or framework was applied to collect and analyze the samples on the number of variations attributed to physicians’ characteristics on the hospitalization cost. The sampling method was designed to control physician characteristics, patient demographics, clinical risks, hospital attributes, and socioeconomic traits. Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode; Standard Deviation) Identify examples of descriptive statistics in the article. A total of 160 nursing students were invited to participate in the study on their experiences before and after clinical practice. 158 students carried through to populating the questionnaires, with 96 (61%) of them responding. 45% were from the control group, while 55% came from the project group. The results identified that the average cost of inpatient hospital visits was $9171 and $8679 for non-teaching hospitals. Out of the 15237, 7993 physicians worked at teaching hospitals, and 2995 were involved in both settings. The average age for all physicians was years. Females covered 26.5% of the participant population. A third of the population graduated from medical school. 16.4% of the sample population were satisfied board surgeons, while 31.7% had internal medicine certification. Inferential Statistics Identify examples of inferential statistics in the article. The study determined that the clinical lab exercises were an effective way to facilitate the practice. 47% of the students responded that they should have prepared better. 85% agree that they were capable of mastering a bed bath with an actual patient in practice after the session. The average cost for female physicians was $2264 lower when compared to the costs of patients visiting male physicians. Also noticed was that the average cost for foreign-trained physicians was $1191 less than physicians who graduated from medical colleges. Kumar, S., Syed, N., Jaykumar, S., Prem, V., Karvannan, H., Karthikbabu, S., & Sisodia, V. (2012). Study of nurses′ knowledge about palliative care: A quantitative cross-sectional survey. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.100832 Description Study of Nurses’ Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Independent variable: Palliative Care Dependent variable: Nurses Knowledge Participants for this study were from the various multispecialty hospitals, including those taking professional development programs exclusive for a nurse. All participants needed to provide an approved consent letter before participation. Those who did not provide consent did not proceed with the study. The survey was done for 363 nurses from multispecialty hospitals. This was taken on healthcare professionals currently taking programs for professional development. The used sample method was the implementation of a self-report questionnaire which was filled individually by the participants. The questionnaire was developed by Nakazawa et al., and it entailed 20 items to be fully answered. All questions were related to palliative care. Participants were to respond by mentioning either correct, incorrect, or unsure. The questionnaires were also sectioned into subsections of philosophy, pain, dyspnea, psychiatric problems, and gastrointestinal problems. Out of the 392 distributed and collected questionnaires, 363 were valid. This reflected a response rate of 92.6%. The bigger population was female with a number of 323 (89%) while the male was 40 in number (11%). The participants were also represented differently from different parts of the health facility. From the ward were 154 participants (42.4%), Intensive care unit, 142 people (39.1%), Outpatient unit had 2 people (0.6%), and Other who were 65 in total (17.9%) The overall score of the study was 35.8%, with philosophy covering 36.5%, pain 34.83 dyspnea 28.25%, psychiatric problems 45.75%, and gastrointestinal problems 34%. Generally, females scored more than males with a slight difference. It was also identified that the knowledge about pain was minimal as only 35% of
Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected
Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected Assignment: Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches Understanding the strengths of each type of therapy and which type of therapy is most appropriate for each patient is an essential skill of the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. In this Assignment, you will compare humanistic-existential therapy to another psychotherapeutic approach. You will identify the strengths and challenges of each approach and describe expected potential outcomes. To prepare: Review the humanistic-existential psychotherapy videos in this week’s Learning Resources. Reflect on humanistic-existential psychotherapeutic approaches. Then, select another psychotherapeutic approach to compare with humanistic-existential psychotherapy. The approach you choose may be one you previously explored in the course or one you are familiar with and especially interested in. The Assignment In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following: Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected. Explain at least three differences between these therapies. Include how these differences might impact your practice as a PMHNP. Focusing on one video you viewed, explain why humanistic-existential psychotherapy was utilized with the patient in the video and why it was the treatment of choice. Describe the expected potential outcome if the second approach had been used with the patient. Support your response with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. Expert Answer and Explanation Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy Healthcare is constantly facing different changes as it progresses from one form of care to the other. Mental health is one of the entities in nursing that require the use of multiple interventions in order to prevent multiple issues (Heidenreich et al., 2021). Therapists make use of the DSM-5 to identify the different diagnoses that can be used in relation to the issues affecting the patient. This article will compare humanistic-existential psychotherapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatment Approaches Also abbreviated as HEP, humanistic, existential psychotherapy is among the most common types of psychotherapy used to intervene for patients dealing with mental illness. The use of humanistic-existential psychotherapy is aimed at enabling the patient to know their characteristics and the aspects that differentiate them from the rest of the world (Heidenreich et al., 2021). Therapists have the capacity to use the approach to offer motivation to the patient. Additionally, the approach can also be used in the identification of the different areas of concern that might be affecting the patient. The therapist is able to ensure that the client has discovered their unique traits and what makes them stand out from the crowd. The use of humanistic-existential psychotherapy is important as it makes the patient become aware of their traits and how they can improve the areas that are affected or causing harm (Heidenreich et al., 2021). The basic premise of human existential therapy is that it can be used to ensure the patients overcome their imposed fears or limitations. With great ability to be aware of personal convictions, the patient can be guided to acquire an in-depth understanding of their innate life goals. The second approach that can be used to provide psychotherapy to a patient is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). This approach is also one of the most common modes of interventions used in providing medical attention to patients with mental disorders (David et al., 2021). The CBT approach focuses on the thought processes of a person as well as the physical behaviors. These methods are critical as they work together to reduce the severity of the patient’s symptoms. In this regard, CBT addresses how a person’s cognitive abilities or thought process can positively or negatively affect their external behaviors. In this regard, the method can be used to offer treatment or identify the various issues that might be affecting the patient. A patient being treated with CBT is able to identify their behavior, thought process, and how one leads to the other (David et al., 2021). The role of the therapist is to help the patient in the identification of their cognitions and behaviors and later link how one is related to the other. Correlation Between CBT and HEP While the two approaches are used to help patients deal with their mental issues, they have different similarities and differences. The main difference between the two treatment approaches is that HEP analyzes the uniqueness of a patient, while CBT measures the behaviors and thought processes (David et al., 2021). These two interventions help the patient deal with different issues that might affect their mental state. For instance, HEP can be used to offer medical aid to patients with self-esteem issues, while CBT can best be used to help patients dealing with substance abuse or addiction. The other difference that the two approaches have is that CBT what the patient can alter or change while HEP helps the patient to understand their personal beliefs and convictions. These differences are from the premise within which the therapists can help the patients meet the different requirements of care. Additionally, HEP is focused on the abilities of the patients, while CBT focuses on the actions or how the patient responds to different issues within society. The PMHNP can best benefit from this approach as they help deal with the different issues that might affect the quality of patient care (Yılmaz et al., 2019). A PMHNP can decide on the best approach to use and how to ensure the patient receives the best available care. Overview of the Video The video addresses a patient suffering from anger, constrictions, and having challenges with understanding their personal feelings. These symptoms depict the challenges that the patient has with regards to self-awareness and correlating with the environment around them (PsychotherapyNet, 2009). In this regard, the best available approach that the PMHNP can use on the patient is to apply the HEP treatment. The approach would be essential in ensuring that the patient is informed of their uniqueness and how it makes them stand
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid with one another and explain how they were similar and different to each other. Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care, a principle dubbed “gatekeeping.” Some argue that “gatekeeping” is unethical because it introduces financial factors into treatment decisions. Others say it improves quality by promoting the use of the most appropriate levels of care. Medicare is an area that often gets overlooked and is seen as a burden financially. Discuss alternatives to ease the drain on Medicare resources. Medicaid is shouldering an ever-increasing burden of cost for long-term care for the elderly, with enormous impacts on state budgets throughout the nation. Discuss alternatives to ease this drain on Medicaid resources. Develop an APA-formatted essay discussing the three entities. Describe what they are and how they differ. Include an introduction to let the reader know what will be found in the essay. Create a table to provide comparison of the three entities. The table can be used as the body of the paper, or it can be added as an addendum after the Reference page. If you opt to add it as an addendum, refer to the table in the narrative in the body of the essay. As in all essays, include a conclusion to provide a summary of the material. This assignment highlights your ability to do research and display information in a table format. Include citations, as appropriate, for information in the table. Refer to chapter 7 in the APA manual, specifically pages 223 -224 for information on tables using words for displaying information. Required Source Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. A. (2017). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Read Chapter 8. The following specifications are required for this assignment: Length: 750 words Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least two (2) scholarly sources to support your claims. Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx). File Name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”) Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Finance In the United States (US), healthcare is paid for or financed in a variety of ways. One of the ways is the out-of-pocket method where individuals pay directly for services they have been offered. The second way is private insurance. Other people have health insurance coverage as a tax-free benefit from their employer (Sultz & Young, 2017). Most working individuals are covered by employer-provided healthcare insurance, a managed care plan, such as a Health Maintenance Organization, or traditional indemnity insurance. The third method is public insurance and programs. For instance, the government has Military Health Insurance to cover the health of military personnel and their dependents as well as veterans. Other health insurance programs run by the government include Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) (Sultz & Young, 2017). People often confuse Medicare, Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and Medicaid. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid by giving their similarities and differences. The Three Entities The first entity is MCO. MCOs are integrated organizations in the healthcare system focused on managed care as a method of reducing care costs while maintaining a high quality of care. The focus of MCOs is to reduce the cost of care while keeping the quality high. There are four types of MCOs (Seiler et al., 2022). The first type is Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). HMO manages care by requiring beneficiaries to see a network of health providers at a much lower cost. It also needs beneficially to see their primary care provider (PCP) before any provider who is not in the network. The second type is Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). This form of MCO allows one to see any doctor they like, in the network or outside (Opoku et al., 2022). The beneficially may pay less for seeing an in-network provider and higher for the outside network provider. The third is Point of Service (POS). This program combines HMO and PPO where one can see providers in and outside the network but at slightly higher costs. The last type is Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) (Opoku et al., 2022). It also combines HMOs and PPOs’ features. Its costs are less than PPO but higher than HMO. The second entity is the Medicare program. Medical is a federal health insurance program for some young people with disabilities, adults aged 65 years or older, and individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease (Agarwal et al., 2021). Drain in Medicare resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First, reducing unnecessary complications and preventable readmissions. Complications and readmission increase the cost of care and thus puts more burden on Medicare (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, n.d). Second, the drain can be reduced by decreasing the use of high-cost drugs. Lastly, the program should use the value-based model to pay physicians where they are paid based on efficiency, quality, and care coordination. The third entity is the Medicaid program. Medicaid is a health insurance program that provides health coverage to millions of US citizens, including children, low-income adults, elderly adults and people with disabilities, and pregnant women (Linder et al., 2018). States administer the program based on federal requirements. The program is funded both by the federal government and state governments. Drain in Medicaid resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First. Physician payment should be modified to decrease unnecessary care. physicians should be paid using the salaried system with a relatively modest bonus for quality (Linder et al., 2018).
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. In their role, PMHNPs can ensure a smooth transition from emergency mental health care to follow-up care, and also bridge the physical–mental health divide in healthcare. In this week’s Assignment, you explore legal and ethical issues surrounding psychiatric emergencies, and identify evidence-based suicide and violence risk assessments. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about psychiatric emergencies and the ethical and legal issues surrounding these events. The Assignment In 2–3 pages, address the following: Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released. Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state. Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts. Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source. Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Expert Answer and Explanation Mental Health Laws in Texas There are various guiding PMHNP when providing mental health services to patients. Mental health laws play a significant role in the integration of mental health in primary health care, community integration of people with mental health problems, and provision of high-quality care. In the US, states have different laws prescribing how their citizens should be handled when mental health emergency occurs. The state that will be focused on in this assignment in Texas. The legislative body of Texas has enacted various guiding PMHNP on how to provide mental health services among various populations. It is the responsibility of PMHNP to understand these laws and follow them to avoid legal problems. This assignment has discussed legal and ethical principles regarding mental health emergencies in the state of Texas. Texas Laws The law guiding involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies is known as the Texas Health and Safety Code – HEALTH & SAFETY § 574.014 (FindLaw.com, 2021). The involuntary psychiatric holds can be initiated by an adult by applying detention, evaluation, and treatment of the individual with the county courts. A law enforcement officer is also allowed to detain an individual they believe to be a threat due to substance abuse or mental disorders and transport the individual to a mental health facility for evaluation for admission under their police powers. Mental health facilities recognized by the Department of Mental Health can initiate the process of holding a patient if they believe that the individual has a serious mental health problem and needs emergency psychiatric treatment (FindLaw.com, 2021). Mental health professionals allowed to begin an on-site civil involuntary detention for an individual in need of emergency mental health care include psychiatric residents, licensed physicians, psychiatrists, licensed professional counselors, a qualified addiction professional, and PMHNP. An individual should only be detained for 72 hours, excluding holidays and weekends (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, if the psychiatrist still believes that the individual needs further treatment beyond 72 hours, they can begin a court hearing to get court permission to continue holding the patient. The mental health professional can release the emergency hold if they believe that the individual does not need emergency care (FindLaw.com, 2021). The emergency hold can be picked by their family members or people they chose. Differences Emergency hospitalization for psychiatric hold or evaluation can be initiated by an adult, a police officer, or a health professional qualified to handle mental health services. This process does not need a court order (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, for a person to be committed to receiving mental health services as an inpatient or outpatient, a court order must be sought. The guardian or applicant must go to court and seek a court order. The individual patient must also be given a chance to explain themselves (FindLaw.com, 2021). Therefore, the difference is emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold does not need a court order while inpatient and outpatient commitment need a court order. Capacity and Competency In the mental health context, capacity is a clinical determination and functional assessment of a specific decision that can be made by a health professional who has interacted with the patient’s case (Keene et al., 2019). However, competency is a legal determination and global assessment made in court by a judge. In other words, competency is determined by a judge while capacity by a health professional (Keene et al., 2019). HIPAA Privacy Rule HIPAA privacy rule requires that healthcare professionals protect patients’ information and prevent unauthorized persons from accessing them (Edens et al., 2018). The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with the courts during hearing on whether the patients should receive involuntary inpatient or outpatient care. The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with patient’s family member when the patient is incapacitated ad cannot make informed decisions (Edens et al., 2018). Suicide Risk Assessment The suicide risk assessment tool I could use to screen patients is the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale. This tool is validated to be used in adults, adolescents, and children (Matarazzo et al., 2019).