In a 4- to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following: Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format. Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper. Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples. In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles. Use APA format and include a title page. Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

Question

Dan Palmer · Accepted Answer

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies Among the most recent but significant changes in healthcare and nursing is the introduction of technology-aided clinical systems. Starting from electronic health records to the use of artificial intelligence systems in delivering healthcare, these technology systems have helped to increase efficiency in healthcare organizations. Clinicians can also deliver healthcare with much ease, and it also becomes easy to reach the desired patient compliance levels. Healthcare technologies are also coupled with different challenges which upon addressing would help to achieve even better outcomes. This essay analyses different scholarly articles that explain the use of clinical systems in the improvement of efficiency in the care continuum and the windows of improvement of the available technologies. Annotated Bibliography Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health Information Technology Continues To Show Positive Effect On Medical Outcomes: Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(2), e41. http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/8793 The article explains about the positive effects that health information technology has on the medical outcomes. The authors explain about the origin of health information technology, where it was introduced in the 60s, and its implementation became evident in the 1990s. The article is qualitative and is conducted with a primary aim of analyzing the current literature about the implication of the HIT resources on the medical outcomes. The authors conducted a search in various databases with the main ones being MEDLINE and CINAHL, where the most recent peer-reviewed publications were assessed. According to the findings of the article, over 81% of the sources suggested that there is at least one medical outcome that is as a direct result of adoption of HIT in healthcare. The article is therefore a source that shows some of the positive effects that HIT is associated with in the healthcare outcomes. Hodgson, T., Magrabi, F., & Coiera, E. (2018). Evaluating the Efficiency and Safety of Speech Recognition within a Commercial Electronic Health Record System: A Replication Study. Applied clinical informatics, 9(2), 326. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649509 This article entails the analysis of a critical aspect in an electronic health record system, which is a speech recognition system. The authors conduct a study with the aim of validating different risks and inefficiencies that are encountered when using speech recognition technologies in electronic health record system. The study analyses thirty five ED clinicians using the experimental design, examining the various technical issues that could lead to poor performance of the speech recognition systems. The results of the study show that speech recognition is a technology that leads to increased errors as well as reduced time deficiencies. The study suggests that much as the new technology of speech recognition software may have a smart model of implementation, it poses various challenges to performance, which call for integration of even better technologies in the collection of information using electronic health records. Gidwani, R., Nguyen, C., Kofoed, A., Carragee, C., Rydel, T., Nelligan, I., & Lin, S. (2017). Impact of Scribes on Physician Satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, and Charting Efficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 15(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2122 The article explains the impacts of having scribes in healthcare, in terms of the charting efficiency, patient satisfaction, and physician satisfaction. Scribes are medical professionals who assist in the transcription of information during patient visits into the electronic health records in the presence of the supervision of physicians. One of the main reasons why clinical systems have become hard to implement is the workload they create for direct care physicians, and hence most healthcare facilities have implemented the position of scribes. The authors of the article conducted the study with the aim of understanding the effect that medical scribes have using a randomized control trial. In the control set up, the study involved tasks where physicians conducted their regular activities such as charting without the assistance of the scribes. The findings show that scribes are among the top individuals who help in boosting physician satisfaction as they help to maintain their healthy contact without interference from the other technology demands of the healthcare process. They also help in improving the accuracy of charts, reduce physician burnout, and hence indirectly promote improvement in implementation of new technologies in facilities. Griffin, A., Skinner, A., Thornhill, J., & Weinberger, M. (2016). Patient Portals: Who Uses Them? What Features Do They Use? And Do They Reduce Hospital Readmissions? Applied clinical informatics, 7(2), 489. Doi: 10.4338/ACI-2016-01-RA-0003 The article explains some of the information surrounding the use of patient portals, which is among the top technologies that have been implemented recently to improve healthcare outcomes. The aim of the article is to identify the common characteristics of patients who are associated with the use of patient portals, to determine the frequency of usage of patient portals, and to examine the relationship between the usage of patient portals with hospital readmission. The authors start by explaining some of the proven benefits of using patient portals, which include but are not limited to improved patient engagement, better patient-provider relations, and increased patient satisfaction. The methodology applied in the study is the monitoring of the UNC Chart, where patients of pneumonia, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure are examined. The results indicate that chronic disease patients who have higher chances of readmission are the primary users of patient portals. It also recommends healthcare systems to increase the campaigns for the use of patient portals in healthcare as they are associated with improved results. Conclusion The four peer-reviewed sources show that clinical systems play a central role in the implementation of clinical outcomes, despite the presence of different challenges that prevent their swift implementation. The use of health information technology has increased over the course of the past few decades, and has been successfully applied in the implementation of physician and patient satisfaction. Patient portals, for example, have made it easier for patients to access first hand healthcare, where they can monitor the progress of their illness and healthcare givers can also track their medications. Among some of the common challenges that are associated with the application of the new clinical systems is increased fatigue among primary healthcare providers. A solution to the same is the use of scribes, who take up much of the non-clinical roles such as documentation and patient charting. Some technologies, however, are not as successful, and need improvement for them to be beneficial in the implementation of better patient outcomes. One example of such technologies is the speech recognition software, which does not have significant effects in improving healthcare delivery. Healthcare managers should vet the different technologies before implementing them in facilities on a wide scale. References Gidwani, R., Nguyen, C., Kofoed, A., Carragee, C., Rydel, T., Nelligan, I., & Lin, S. (2017). Impact of Scribes on Physician Satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, and Charting Efficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 15(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2122 Griffin, A., Skinner, A., Thornhill, J., & Weinberger, M. (2016). Patient Portals: Who Uses Them? What Features Do They Use? And Do They Reduce Hospital Readmissions? Applied clinical informatics, 7(2), 489. Doi: 10.4338/ACI-2016-01-RA-0003 Hodgson, T., Magrabi, F., & Coiera, E. (2018). Evaluating the Efficiency and Safety of Speech Recognition within a Commercial Electronic Health Record System: A Replication Study. Applied clinical informatics, 9(2), 326. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649509 Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health Information Technology Continues To Show Positive Effect On Medical Outcomes: Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(2), e41. http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/8793

Component	Description	Purpose
Length	4-5 pages (excluding title and reference pages)	Provides sufficient space for comprehensive analysis
Format	Annotated Bibliography	Combines citation with critical analysis
Source Type	Peer-reviewed articles	Ensures academic credibility and reliability
Synthesis	Integration of multiple sources	Demonstrates understanding of research landscape

Quality Indicator	Evaluation Criteria	Weight
Journal Impact Factor	IF > 2.0 preferred	25%
Publication Date	Within last 5 years	20%
Methodology Rigor	Clear methods, adequate sample size	30%
Relevance to Topic	Direct application to research question	25%

Technique	Application	Example
Effect Size Comparison	Standardized results across studies	Cohen’s d calculations
Confidence Interval Analysis	Statistical significance assessment	95% CI comparisons
Sample Size Weighting	Adjusting for study power	Larger samples = greater weight

Research Focus	Current Trends	Impact Metrics
Electronic Health Records (EHR)	Interoperability improvements	23% reduction in documentation time
Clinical Decision Support	AI-powered recommendations	18% improvement in diagnostic accuracy
Patient Monitoring Systems	Remote monitoring capabilities	27% reduction in readmission rates
Workflow Optimization	Process automation	31% increase in staff satisfaction

Mistake	Impact	Solution
Insufficient Synthesis	Reads like separate summaries	Use thematic organization
Poor Source Quality	Weakens credibility	Apply rigorous selection criteria
Inconsistent Formatting	Appears unprofessional	Use citation management tools
Superficial Analysis	Lacks depth	Engage critically with content

Tool	Purpose	Application
CASP Checklist	Systematic review quality	Methodological assessment
CONSORT Statement	RCT reporting standards	Study design evaluation
STROBE Guidelines	Observational study quality	Reporting completeness

In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

Written By: Dan Palmer, RN

Edited By: Ethan Green, MSN-FNP

In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography

In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed.

Expert Answer and Explanation

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Annotated Bibliography

Conclusion

References

The Complete Guide to Writing a 4-5 Page Literature Review: Synthesizing Peer-Reviewed Research in an Annotated Bibliography Format

Understanding the Assignment Requirements {#understanding}

Key Components of the Assignment

Selecting and Evaluating Peer-Reviewed Sources {#selecting}

Criteria for Source Selection

Database Selection Strategy

Research Synthesis Methodology {#synthesis}

Thematic Analysis Approach

Statistical Integration Techniques

Annotated Bibliography Format and Structure {#format}

Length Guidelines

Clinical Systems Research Context {#clinical}

Understanding Clinical Systems Impact

Healthcare Technology Statistics (2024)

Step-by-Step Writing Process {#process}

Phase 1: Planning and Organization (Week 1)

Phase 2: Critical Analysis (Week 2)

Phase 3: Writing and Synthesis (Week 3)

Phase 4: Review and Revision (Week 4)

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them {#mistakes}

Frequent Pitfalls

Quality Assurance Checklist

Quality Assessment and Evaluation {#quality}

Evidence Hierarchy

Critical Appraisal Tools

Conclusion

References and Additional Resources

Essential Writing Resources:

Research Databases:

Citation Management Tools:

Submission and Grading Information

Required Readings:

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