For this task you will conduct an evaluation of your personal leadership effectiveness. You will write a paper evaluating your own leadership using a scholarly leadership theory.
DCM2 — DCM2 Task 1: Personal Leadership Evaluation Competencies 3018.1.1 : Practice of Management The graduate explains the theoretical bases, current knowledge, best practices, and trends related to the practice of management. 3018.1.2 : Theories of Leadership The graduate uses contemporary theories of leadership to develop personal leadership skills based on a personal leadership philosophy. 3018.1.3 : Sustaining Business Performance The graduate applies management and leadership theories for long-term global-business success. 3018.1.4 : Organizational Performance Methods The graduate analyzes appropriate methods to improve organizational performance. Introduction For this task you will conduct an evaluation of your personal leadership effectiveness. You will write a paper evaluating your own leadership using a scholarly leadership theory. To help you refine your own leadership skills, you will develop at least two SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound) goals as part of your evaluation. Requirements Your submission must represent your original work and understanding of the course material. Most performance assessment submissions are automatically scanned through the WGU similarity checker. Students are strongly encouraged to wait for the similarity report to generate after uploading their work and then review it to ensure Academic Authenticity guidelines are met before submitting the file for evaluation. See Understanding Similarity Reports for more information. Grammarly Note: Professional Communication will be automatically assessed through Grammarly for Education in most performance assessments before a student submits work for evaluation. Students are strongly encouraged to review the Grammarly for Education feedback prior to submitting work for evaluation, as the overall submission will not pass without this aspect passing. See Use Grammarly for Education Effectively for more information. Microsoft Files Note: Write your paper in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) unless another Microsoft product, or pdf, is specified in the task directions. Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc. All supporting documentation, such as screenshots and proof of experience, should be collected in a pdf file and submitted separately from the main file. For more information, please see Computer System and Technology Requirements. You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course. Write a paper (suggested length of 6–10 pages) by doing the following: A. Provide a PDF copy of your “Signature Themes” report after completing the CliftonStrengths assessment. 1. Reflect on the results of the five categorical strengths from your CliftonStrengths assessment, including what those results might indicate about your leadership. B. Evaluate your leadership, using one of the scholarly leadership theories below, by doing the following: transformational leadership transactional leadership situational leadership participative leadership servant leadership behavioral leadership trait theory of leadership Evaluate three strengths of your leadership, using the chosen scholarly leadership theory, including how each strength relates to the theory. Support the evaluation of your strengths with at least one scholarly source. Evaluate three weaknesses of your leadership, using the chosen scholarly leadership theory, including how each weakness relates to the theory. Support the evaluation of your weaknesses with at least one scholarly source. Recommend three actionable items to improve the effectiveness of your leadership, including how each actionable item relates to the chosen scholarly leadership theory. Support the recommendations of actionable items with at least one scholarly source. Note: A scholarly source could be a reputable journal, a published book, or any source from a university faculty member or business leader. Scholarly sources also include any article or book in the online WGU library. C. Discuss two short-term goals that will help improve your leadership. Adhere to the SMART criteria for each goal: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. 1. Discuss at least two specific actions you will take to reach each of the SMART goals discussed in part C. D. Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized. E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission. File Restrictions File name may contain only letters, numbers, spaces, and these symbols: ! – _ . * ‘ ( ) File size limit: 200 MB File types allowed: doc, docx, rtf, xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx, odt, pdf, csv, txt, qt, mov, mpg, avi, mp3, wav, mp4, wma, flv, asf, mpeg, wmv, m4v, svg, tif, tiff, jpeg, jpg, gif, png, zip, rar, tar, 7z Expert Answer and Explanation Personal Leadership Evaluation Success in both the personal and professional spheres is influenced by competent leadership. Through applying continuous introspection and theory-based assessment, leaders are able to pinpoint their strengths, acknowledge their weaknesses, and execute focused growth initiatives. Using Transformational Leadership theory as a framework, this essay offers a critical assessment of my own leadership. This theory provides a thorough framework for evaluating leadership behaviors. This assessment’s objectives are to identify two SMART goals that promote long-term professional development, analyze three personal leadership strengths and three areas for development, and suggest three doable tactics to increase leadership effectiveness. Overview of Transformational Leadership Theory Definition and Core Components The four primary pillars of transformational leadership are intellectual stimulation, customized consideration, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence. Leaders with idealized influence are role models whose actions inspire followers to respect and believe in them (Mafaz & Abdullah, 2024). Creating a compelling vision that inspires team members and cultivates a common goal is a key component of inspirational motivation. Intellectual stimulation inspires followers to consider novel answers by fostering innovation and challenging preconceived notions. According to Mafaz and Abdullah (2024), personalized attention shows a dedication to helping each team member realize their full potential on both a personal and professional level. Each of these elements plays a part in a leadership strategy that aims to improve organizational results as well as individual performance. Theoretical Relevance The transformational leadership paradigm makes it easier to mobilize followers to accomplish both personal and organizational goals (Mafaz & Abdullah, 2024). By employing this strategy, leaders cultivate a climate where groups feel appreciated and empowered, encouraging respect for one another and ongoing development. The development of trust, dedication, and high performance in dynamic work contexts are strongly correlated with the behaviors displayed by transformational leaders (Deng et al., 2023). This leadership approach is known to boost motivation, foster creativity, and foster a cooperative environment that can effectively adjust to shifting circumstances and obstacles. According to Deng et al. (2023), transformative leadership is linked to increased organizational effectiveness and
Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories.
Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories. For your week 4 assignment, evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis. DIRECTIONS For each of the scenarios below, answer the questions using your learning resources, Medscape, and clinical practice guidelines (ie JNC 8, AHA, ACC etc). Lecturio is an optional resource but highly recommended. Be sure to thoroughly answer ALL questions. When recommending medications, write out a complete medication order. What would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply) and refill information. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patient’s current medications. Review and discuss ALL labs and possible interactions. Use at least 3 sources for each scenario and cite sources using APA format; include in-text citations. You do not need an introduction or conclusion paragraph. Please also review assignment rubric. SCENARIO 1 What are the errors in the following prescriptions (5 total)? Rewrite each prescription correctly. What is each medication classification? What is the mechanism of action (MOA)? linaglipton 5 mg PO daily #30 5 RF Tresiba inject 10 units SC TID with meals #1 box of 5 pens 1 RF tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg PO BID #60 1 RF Qulipta 60 mg PRN for migraine #30 1 RF levothyroxine 88 mg PO daily #30 5 RF SCENARIO 2 PK is a 16-year-old female diagnosed with mild persistent asthma since age 12. During her visit today, she reports having to use her albuterol MDI 3 days per week over the past 2 months. Over the past week she has been using albuterol at least once per day. She reports being awakened by a cough 5 nights during the last month. She also has a fluticasone MDI, which she uses “most days of the week.” Her current medications include: Flovent HFA 44 mcg two puffs BID, Proventil HFA two puffs Q 4-6 hr PRN shortness of breath, fexofenadine 180 mg po daily, diphenhydramine 50 mg qhs prn. What treatment plan would you implement for PK? What medication changes would you make? Include a complete medication order. How would you monitor the effectiveness of this plan, and what patient education would you provide? SCENARIO 3 ES is a 45-year-old African American male that was prescribed bisoprolol for his high blood pressure. Blood pressure today is 142/89 HR 60 RR 15. He states that he only occasionally takes the medication because he does not like the side effects. What information would you provide to the patient at his visit? What is his goal blood pressure? How is hypertension treated per current guidelines (JNC 8, ACC, AHA)? How would you improve his treatment? Include a complete medication order. SCENARIO 4 TF is a 60 year old male presenting to the clinic for medication refills. Current medications include acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil 5 mg po qhs, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody lecanemab (Leqembi) 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks for early Alzheimer’s disease, and atorvastatin 40 mg po daily. His lab work today includes: fasting BG is 195 mg/dL; HgA1C = 8.5%. Basic Metabolic Profile (BMP) is normal except for Cr 1.9 and eGRF 28. What is his goal A1C? Please SELECT and DISCUSS which of the following would be best to prescribe for TF: canagliflozin (Invokana) 100 mg PO daily exenatide (Byetta) 5 mcg SC twice daily glimepiride 1 mg PO daily glyburide 2.5 mg PO daily metformin 500 mg PO daily semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.25 mg SC once weekly sitagliptin (Januvia) 50 mg PO daily Expert Answer and Explanation Week 4 Assignment: Pharmacological Management of GI, Hepatobiliary, and Related Disorders Pharmacological decisions must align with patient-specific data, including clinical symptoms, history, comorbidities, and lab values. Understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of medications is essential when treating patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and systemic concerns (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). This paper evaluates four clinical scenarios requiring medication review and treatment modification. The purpose of this paper is to assess medication errors, propose treatment plans, and apply evidence-based guidelines for optimal patient outcomes. SCENARIO 1: Prescription Review Linaglipton 5 mg PO daily #30 5 RF Error: Misspelling; the correct drug name is linagliptin. Corrected order: Linagliptin 5 mg PO daily №30 tablets with 5 refills. Class: DPP-4 inhibitor MOA: Linagliptin inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which slows the breakdown of incretin hormones (Yu et al., 2023). Increased incretin levels enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release. This leads to improved glycemic control by lowering post-meal glucose spikes without causing significant hypoglycemia (Yu et al., 2023). It is particularly useful in managing type 2 diabetes in combination with lifestyle interventions. 2. Tresiba inject 10 units SC TID with meals #1 box of 5 pens 1 RF Error: Frequency error; Tresiba (insulin degludec) is long-acting and should be dosed once daily. Corrected order: Insulin degludec (Tresiba) 10 units SC once daily №1 box (5 pens) with 1 refill. Class: Long-acting insulin MOA: Insulin degludec regulates blood glucose by enhancing peripheral glucose uptake, especially in muscle and fat tissues, and reducing glucose production in the liver (Chen et al., 2023). It mimics the body’s natural basal insulin, maintaining steady insulin levels over 24 hours (Chen et al., 2023). This action helps manage fasting blood glucose levels and supports overall glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. 3. Tiotropium (Spiriva) 2.5 mcg PO BID #60 1 RF Error: Route error; tiotropium is inhaled, not taken orally. Corrected order: Tiotropium (Spiriva Respimat) 2.5 mcg/inhalation, inhale 2 puffs once daily №1 inhaler with 1 refill. Class: Long-acting anticholinergic MOA:Tiotropium works by selectively blocking M3 muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscles of the airways, preventing acetylcholine from binding (Kaplan & Chang, 2021). This inhibition leads to sustained bronchodilation, improving airflow and reducing symptoms in patients with chronic
Explain the value of biostatistics in population health research
Explain the value of biostatistics in population health research. Describe the role of epidemiology in researching and addressing population health challenges. How are epidemiology and biostatistics significant to your evidence-based practice proposal? Expert Answer The Value of Biostatistics When it comes to population health research, biostatistics is valuable in the sense that it supports decision-making by quantifying uncertainty, which makes it possible for those involved in research and policy formulation to make decisions guided by evidence. When conducting research, researchers rely on biostatistics to establish correlation and causal relationships between variables. Through statistical methods, for instance, a researcher can determine how hours of exercise correlate with the risk of cardiovascular disorder (Matranga, Bono, & Maniscalco, 2021). The value of the biostatistics is also noticeable during the analysis and processing of data, where researchers utilize the statistical tools to process data, and internalize this data so that they can generate meaningful inferences such as the impact of a particular exposure on population health outcomes. Role of Epidemiology in Researching and Addressing Population Health Challenges Population health significantly benefits from research, which is supported by epidemiology. Epidemiology, which involves studying the prevalence and the various factors that affect population health, helps identify health issues including the variation in the rates of distribution of these health issues across populations. The information generated from the epidemiological study informs research decisions (DiSalvo & Su, 2022). Through the study of the population health problems, epidemiologists identify the origin of diseases, which helps researchers to identify the individuals at increased risk of illness. Significance of Epidemiology and Biostatistics to the Evidence-Based Proposal Epidemiology and biostatistics are significant to the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) proposal, with biostatistics supporting analysis of the quantitative data, which allows researchers to establish the statistical significance and validity of the findings. Epidemiology supports EBP proposal by informing the process of identifying a specific public health concern. This concern informs the preparation of the proposal. References DiSalvo, P., & Su, M. K. (2022). Biostatistics and Epidemiology for the Toxicologist: Incidence and Prevalence. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 18(1), 56–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-021-00860-5. Matranga, D., Bono, F., & Maniscalco, L. (2021). Statistical Advances in Epidemiology and Public Health. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073549. Consider ecological and global issues, social determinants of health, principles of genetics, and genomics. Explain how translational research can be applied in these areas to address the burden of global disease. Expert Answer Ecological and Global Issues When it comes to addressing the burden of disease, translational research is crucial especially when applied in ecological and global health. Translational research, for instance, supports the development of the interventions focused on addressing population exposures. For instance, scientific research that link specific pollutants to a heart ailment can lead to the adoption of the policy-based initiatives to help regulate pollution. In addition, translational research can lead to the development of the predictive models that warn ecologists how the change in environment may cause the spread of vector-borne diseases (Shah et al., 2022). For example, the results generated from research are practically applied in creating predictive tools that predict the likelihood of the cases of a disease spiking. Social Determinants of Health Translational research can be applied in addressing the negative effects of the social determinants of health by informing the effective strategy for implementing evidence-based practice interventions. If EBP findings show that the use of a particular intervention is effective in improving population health outcomes in underserved communities, translational research can help ensure successful implementation of these interventions (Mayrink et al., 2022). Principles of Genetics Translational research can be applied in genetics and genomics by personalizing medicine. For example, researchers in the field of genetics may create tailored intervention plans for certain hereditary disorders on the genetic markers. This information may inform how providers treat certain disorders in specific patient populations. Genomics Translational research can help optimize global health outcomes by supporting an approach in human, animal and environmental aspects of health are considered in addressing certain health conditions. This approach comes to play when addressing global health concerns like Ebola epidemic. Through translational research, the global health systems may create targeted interventions to mitigate public health issues. Reference Mayrink, N. N. V., Alcoforado, L., Chioro, A., Fernandes, F., Lima, T. S., Camargo, E. B., & Valentim, R. A. M. (2022). Translational Research in Health Technologies: A Scoping Review. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4, 957367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.957367. Shah, R. C., Hoyo, V., Moussatche, P., & Volkov, B. B. (2022). Improving Quality and Efficiency of Translational Research: Environmental Scan of Adaptive Capacity and Preparedness of Clinical and Translational Science Award Program hubs. Journal of clinical and translational science, 7(1), e42. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.423. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order The Value of Biostatistics in Population Health Research In the rapidly evolving landscape of public health, two fundamental disciplines stand as pillars of scientific inquiry: biostatistics and epidemiology. These interconnected fields form the backbone of population health research, providing the analytical framework and methodological rigor necessary to understand, prevent, and address health challenges at scale. As healthcare increasingly shifts toward evidence-based practice, understanding the value and application of these disciplines becomes crucial for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike. Understanding Biostatistics: The Mathematical Foundation of Health Research Biostatistics represents the application of statistical methods to biological and health-related problems. This specialized branch of statistics serves as the quantitative engine that powers population health research, transforming raw health data into meaningful insights that can inform policy decisions and clinical interventions. The primary value of biostatistics in population health research lies in its ability to provide rigorous methods for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting complex health data. Through sophisticated statistical techniques, biostatistics enables researchers to identify patterns, test hypotheses, and draw valid conclusions from large datasets that would otherwise remain incomprehensible. In practical terms, biostatistics allows researchers to quantify disease prevalence
Post an episodic focused note about the patient in the case study to which you were assigned using the episodic/focused note
Post an episodic focused note about the patient in the case study to which you were assigned using the Assessing Musculoskeletal Pain Case 3: Knee Pain A 15-year-old male reports dull pain in both knees. Sometimes one or both knees click, and the patient describes a catching sensation under the patella. In determining the causes of the knee pain, what additional history do you need? What categories can you use to differentiate knee pain? What are your specific differential diagnoses for knee pain? What physical examination will you perform? What anatomic structures are you assessing as part of the physical examination? What special maneuvers will you perform? With regard to the case study you were assigned: Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study you were assigned. Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis? Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient. Post an episodic focused note about the patient in the case study to which you were assigned using the episodic/focused note template provided in the Week 5 resources. Provide evidence from the literature to support diagnostic tests that would be appropriate for each case. List five different possible conditions for the patient’s differential diagnosis and justify why you selected each. Expert Answer and Explanation Knee Pain Episodic/Focused SOAP Note Patient Information: JD is a 15-year-old African American Male. S. CC “Dull pain in both knees for four days.” HPI: JD is a 15-year-old African American Male who came to the hospital with complaints of dull pain in his both knees for the three days. He reports that he sometimes feels catching sensation under the patella and both knees often click. The pain started after playing basketball tournament three days ago. He has not applied any medication. The severity of the pain I 8/10. Current Medications: No medications Allergies: No allergies. PMHx: No history of major medical conditions. Pneumonia and influenza vaccines are up to date. Soc Hx: Denies tobacco or alcohol use. He is the only child in a middle-class family. He loves playing basketball. Fam Hx: He is the only child in a family of three. Both parents are alive and healthy. Grandfather died of depression. He committed suicide. Grandmother is alive as has type II diabetes. ROS: GENERAL: No fatigue, weight loss, or fever. HEENT: Eyes: No vision problems. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing problem, sneezing, runny nose, congestion, or sore throat. SKIN: No rash or itching. CARDIOVASCULAR: No heart problems. RESPIRATORY: No breathing problems. MUSCULOSKELETAL: Knee pain. HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia or bleeding. O. Physical exam: Constitutional: General Appearance: Healthy adult with moderate distress. A+O+3, mucous membranes moist, flushed, answers questions properly. Vitals: BP 122/90; P 57; R 20; T 36.3; W 58kgs; H 157cm. HEENT: Head: NC/AT. Eyes: Pupils are PERRL, extraocular movements intact; conjunctivae pink. Ears: Hearing intact, normal external appearance. Nose: Appears normal, clear mucus. Mouth: The are in good shape. Throat: No lesions or inflammation of the tonsils. Skin: Normal color for ethnicity, dry, warm, with no rashes or lesions. Cardiovascular: S1, S2 with regular rhythm and rate. No heart sounds. Lungs: Chest walls symmetric. Lungs clear and bilateral. Regular respirations. Knee: MRI shows ACL tear in both knees. Diagnostic results: Diagnosis for knee musculoskeletal can be done using MRI or X-ray (Ball et al., 2019). The authors note that X-ray cannot see the ligaments, and in this case, MRI is recommended. X-ray: Pending MRI: Pending A. Differential Diagnoses Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury. The primary diagnosis for this ACL injury. ACL injury is a sprain or tear ACL, one of the major ligaments in the knee (Korakakis et al., 2019). The injury occurs mostly in sportspersons. The disease causes pain in the knee. It has been included as the primary diagnosis because the patient is a sportsperson and recently got injured during a game. Knee locking: Characteristics of knee locking include catching sensation, swelling of the affected knee, and pain with extension (Lee, Nixion, Chandratreya & Murray, 2017). The disease is not a primary diagnosis because the patient is no swelling in the knee. Osteochondritis Dissecans: OCD is a joint condition that occurs when blood is not enough in the end of the bone. It also causes pain in the knee, and that is why it has been included in the diagnosis. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: JIA is the swelling of the joints. The disease occurs before a kid reaches 16 years (Ramanan et al., 2017). It causes joint pain, and that is why it has been included in the diagnosis. Repeated kneecap dislocation: Repeated patellar subluxation is the continued instability of the patellar, which causes knee pain. References Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel\’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Korakakis, V., Saretsky, M., Whiteley, R., Azzopardi, M. C., Klauznicer, J., Itani, A., … & Malliaropoulos, N. (2019). Translation into modern standard Arabic, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties’ evaluation of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) in Arabic-speaking athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. PloS one, 14(6), e0217791. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217791 Lee, P. Y. F., Nixion, A., Chandratreya, A., & Murray, J. M. (2017). Synovial plica syndrome of the knee: a commonly overlooked cause of anterior knee pain. The Surgery Journal, 3(1), e9. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598047 Ramanan, A. V., Dick, A. D., Jones, A. P., McKay, A., Williamson, P. R., Compeyrot-Lacassagne, S., … & Beresford, M. W. (2017). Adalimumab plus methotrexate for uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(17), 1637-1646. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1614160 Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order FAQs Osgood-schlatter
Research the health-illness continuum and its relevance to patient care. In a 750-1,000-word paper, discuss the relevance of the continuum to
Research the health-illness continuum and its relevance to patient care. In a 750-1,000-word paper, discuss the relevance of the continuum Research the health-illness continuum and its relevance to patient care. In a 750-1,000-word paper, discuss the relevance of the continuum to patient care and present a perspective of your current state of health in relation to the wellness spectrum. Include the following: Examine the health-illness continuum and discuss why this perspective is important to consider in relation to health and the human experience when caring for patients. Explain how understanding the health-illness continuum enables you, as a health care provider, to better promote the value and dignity of individuals or groups and to serve others in ways that promote human flourishing and are consistent with the Christian worldview. Reflect on your overall state of health. Discuss what behaviors support or detract from your health and well-being. Explain where you currently fall on the health-illness continuum. Discuss the options and resources available to you to help you move toward wellness on the health-illness spectrum. Describe how these would assist in moving you toward wellnReflect on your overall state of health. Discuss what behaviors support or detract from your health and well-being. Explain where you currently fall on the health-illness continuumess (managing a chronic disease, recovering from an illness, self-actualization, etc.). You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Benchmark – Human Experience Across the Health-Illness Continuum Introduction Very often, individuals fail to show the presence of disease but still have depression, anxiety, and unhappiness. In some situations, people could complain of feeling unwell, but they do not have external symptoms or evidence to justify the same. The health-illness continuum can help examine these characteristic levels of wellness based on a paradigm ranging from premature death and high wellness levels (Kishan, 2020). This essay examines the application of the health-illness continuum in improving the wellness of healthcare givers. The Health-Illness Continuum Perspective and its Importance in the Health and the Human Experience when Caring for Patients The Health-Illness continuum perspective represents a graphical or diagrammatic illustration of the concept of human well-being on their emotional and mental states. For some people, wellness is the direct opposite of illness, where the absence of disease conditions shows they are well (Swanson et al., 2019). Other individuals believe that having a healthy lifestyle or the potential to lead a healthy lifestyle is the real definition of wellness (Kishan, 2020). A pictorial illustration of the illness-wellness continuum is as follows. Fig 1: An illustration of the illness-wellness continuum. The right side of the graph in Fig 1 shows the different degrees of wellness, while the left side shows illness levels. In this continuum, wellness is explained to be dynamic, in that it is not static, and that the patient is often changing in their present states. Individuals’ outlook is what contributes to their states of wellness for the positive vision of a person who has a disability or a disease, and such a person is likely to face the right side of the continuum (Ow & Poon, 2020). This is unlike a healthy individual who has a negative outlook, feels anxiety, complains a lot, and is depressed. The latter would face the left side of the continuum, and their emotional and mental growth and wellness are hindered to the point that they experience the real state of wellness. How Understanding the Health-Illness Continuum Could Enable Healthcare Providers to Better-Promote the Value and Dignity of Individuals or Groups and Serve others in Ways that Promote Human Flourishing In caring for patients, understanding the health-illness continuum helps to improve the patients’ mental and emotional development. Healthcare givers can use this continuum to motivate the patients’ healthcare and have better health systems including but not limited to, preventing emotional and physical diseases (Sajnani, Marxen, & Zarate, 2017). This continuum is also essential in patient care as it helps to analyze the different developments and evaluate the patient progress. A Reflection of My Overall State of Health and the Behaviors that Support or Detract from Health and Well-Being Several behaviors support my overall state of health, and these include but are not limited to workouts, exercises, and healthy eating. I believe what I eat and my behaviors determine how I will show wellness. I have to continually keep my weight in check, where a negative shift in my BMI prompts me to change my diet and my workout strategies. Besides hitting the gym at least thrice a week, I do regular jogging in the morning before embarking on my daily activities, which I believe serves a long way in improving my emotional well-being. I also walk for 30 minutes to the gym instead of using other less engaging means of transport. I have recently started consuming plenty of water and many greens, which I believe will help me improve my immunity from diseases. Among the negative behaviors that could be distracting me from wellness is smoking, which I did not know its detrimental effects until a recent webinar on lung cancer. Also, I think I barely have enough time to have a healthy sleep. Lastly, I believe I spend too little time with my loved ones due to excessive engagement in my workplace. Options and Resources that Could Help Me to Move toward Wellness on the Health-Illness Spectrum Among the essential resources to help me improve wellness on the spectrum are programs to stop my smoking
Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem
Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem. Consequently, PICOT examples that may provide insight into the use of the PICOT process, may not be relevant to nursing practice as they are based on a medical practice problem. Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. Discuss why is it important to ensure your PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem. EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Nursing vs. Medical Practice Problem Nursing practice problem assesses Whereas a nursing practice problem is identified during the nursing assessments conducted on a patient’s condition, medical practice problem is one which focuses on the pathology of the patient. Specifically, a nursing practice problem assesses the human response to the health conditions (Milner & Cosme, 2017). For example, when a patient presents to the facility with headaches, fever, and other physical symptoms, a triage nurse could identify the condition as a nursing practice problem, where they offer the patient the relevant nursing diagnosis. On the other hand, when a patient is seen to have a condition which requires his pathology to be assessed and the healthcare giver recognizes that it could be stroke, then this is a medical practice problem. Why PICOT should be based on Nursing Practice Problem A PICOT seeks to address various elements of nursing care, and hence it should be primarily based on a nursing practice problem and not on a medical practice problem. In the nursing practice problem, the care needs of the patient from the time they get out of the healthcare environment to the time they are diagnosed by the doctor to the after-care periods are addressed (Meyer, 2017). Also, in the nursing practice problem, there is collection of information about the patient, and this helps to draw relevant conclusions based on the PICOT questions. This way, it is easy to collect diverse data about the patient and their condition. Also, with the nursing practice problem, it is more likely that the PICOT will improve population health. References Meyer, M. N. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice: Success of Practice Change Depends on the Question. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: Foundations, Skills, and Roles. Milner, K. A., & Cosme, S. (2017). The PICO Game: An Innovative Strategy for Teaching Step 1 in Evidence‐Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 14(6), 514-516. Alternative Expert Answer How Nursing and Medical Practice Problems differ Medical and Nursing Practice Problem There is a difference between a nursing and a medical practice problem. The former is a clinical issue that a provider identifies and notes when assessing the patient, and it constitutes one physiological health, and the emotional and psychological responses linked to the patient’s physical health. An example is a patient with hypertension and diabetes developing stress because of their health. In this case, a nurse would want to know all these details about the patient including the manner in which they respond to the disease. One can also look at this particular problem as one which can be addressed through patient education, counseling and health promotion (Cook et al., 2018). Conversely, the latter is about the medical condition or the pathology of a medical disorder in which the provider determines the patient’s disorder. If a provider measures the body’s insulin and manages to determine that body’s insulin level is low, they can conclude that the condition is type 1 diabetes (Yoo et al., 2019). Basing PICOT on the Nursing Practice Problem When preparing a PICOT, it is important to base it on the nursing practice problem (NPP). This is because the NPP addresses majority of the elements of the nursing care. Some of these elements include the diagnosis information, patient care goals, screening of the risks, and the outcomes. The PICOT also addresses all these elements considering that it focuses on the patient, their health, the intervention that can help promote recovery compared to another treatment, and results of the treatment. It equally focuses on the clinical outcomes (Ho et al., 2016). Given that the PICOT addresses all the elements of the nursing problem, it make sense to base PICOT on the NPP. References Cook, D.A., Pencille, L.J., Dupras, D.M., Linderbaum, J.A., Pankratz, V.S., & Wilkinson, J.M. (2018). Practice variation and practice guidelines: Attitudes of generalist and specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. PLoS ONE 13(1), e0191943. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191943. Ho, G.J., Liew, S.M., Ng, C.J., Hisham Shunmugam, R., & Glasziou P (2016). Development of a Search Strategy for an Evidence Based Retrieval Service. PLoS ONE 11(12), e0167170. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167170. Yoo, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.S., Kim, H.L., Ki, J.S. (2019). Clinical nurses’ beliefs, knowledge, organizational readiness and level of implementation of evidence-based practice: The first step to creating an evidence-based practice culture. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0226742. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226742. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. What is the difference between a nursing problem and a medical problem? In the world of healthcare, it’s crucial to understand the fundamental differences between nursing problems and medical problems. While both are essential aspects of patient care, they serve distinct purposes and require different approaches. This article will delve into the nuances that set nursing practice problems apart from medical practice problems, providing clarity on this critical subject. Nursing Practice Problem vs. Medical Practice Problem Defining Nursing Practice Problems Nursing practice problems, often referred to as nursing diagnoses, are specific issues that nurses identify and address within their scope of practice. These problems are focused on the patient’s response to an illness, a medical condition, or a life situation. Nursing practice problems aim to enhance the quality of care, improve patient outcomes, and promote patient safety. Defining Medical Practice ProblemsMedical practice problems, on the other hand, are concerns that fall within the domain of medical practitioners, such
Analyze the fundamental influences that healthcare law has exerted on the social, political, and economic environment of the country
Analyze the fundamental influences that healthcare law has exerted on the social, political, and economic environment of the country. Analyze the fundamental influences that healthcare law has exerted on the social, political, and economic environment of the country Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare law has had significant influence on the social, political, and economic environment of the country. These influences have been evident in various ways, including the provision of access to healthcare, the regulation of healthcare practices and providers, and the establishment of policies and laws that govern the healthcare industry. One example of the social influence of healthcare law is the provision of access to healthcare for marginalized or underserved populations. For instance, the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, expanded Medicaid coverage to millions of low-income individuals and families who previously did not have access to healthcare (Gruber, 2012). This expansion has had a positive impact on the social well-being of these populations, as it has provided them with access to necessary medical care and has reduced financial barriers to healthcare. Another example of the social influence of healthcare law is the regulation of healthcare practices and providers to ensure the safety and quality of care for patients. For instance, the ACA established the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) to test and evaluate innovative payment and service delivery models that aim to reduce costs and improve the quality of care (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2020). This has had a positive impact on the social environment, as it has ensured that healthcare practices and providers are held accountable for the quality of care they provide to patients. In terms of political influence, healthcare law has played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the country. One example of this is the ACA, which was a major political issue in the United States and sparked a heated debate among politicians and the public. The ACA ultimately passed into law in 2010 and has had a significant impact on the political landscape, as it has led to a restructuring of the healthcare system and has sparked ongoing debates about the role of the government in healthcare (Gruber, 2012). Another example of the political influence of healthcare law is the regulation of the healthcare industry by government agencies. For instance, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for regulating the safety and effectiveness of drugs, medical devices, and other products used in healthcare (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, n.d.). This regulatory role has significant political implications, as it affects the availability and cost of healthcare products and services, as well as the actions of healthcare providers. In terms of economic influence, healthcare law has had a significant impact on the healthcare industry and the economy as a whole. One example of this is the ACA, which has led to an increase in healthcare spending and has had an impact on the overall cost of healthcare in the United States (Gruber, 2012). The ACA has also had an impact on the healthcare industry, as it has led to changes in the way healthcare is financed and delivered, and has had an impact on the employment of healthcare workers (Gruber, 2012). Another example of the economic influence of healthcare law is the regulation of the healthcare industry by government agencies, such as the FDA. The FDA’s regulatory role affects the availability and cost of healthcare products and services, which can have economic implications for the healthcare industry and the economy as a whole (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, n.d.). In conclusion, healthcare law has had significant influence on the social, political, and economic environment of the country. This has been evident in various ways, including the provision of access to healthcare, the regulation of healthcare practices and providers, and the establishment of policies and laws that govern the healthcare industry. These influences have had both positive and negative impacts on the healthcare system and the overall well-being of the population. References Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2020). Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. Retrieved from https Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written from scratch by our expert level assignment writers. The Social, Political, and Economic Effects of the Affordable Care Act: An Introduction to the Issue The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a healthcare reform law that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010. The ACA is one of the most significant pieces of legislation passed in recent history, and it has had far-reaching effects on the social, political, and economic landscape of the United States. In this article, we will examine the effects of the ACA on these three areas and explore some of the debates surrounding the law. What is the Affordable Care Act? Before diving into the effects of the ACA, it is important to understand what the law entails. The ACA is a comprehensive healthcare reform law that seeks to make healthcare more affordable and accessible for all Americans. Some of the key provisions of the law include: Expanding Medicaid coverage to more low-income Americans Creating health insurance marketplaces where individuals can shop for insurance plans Requiring insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions Allowing young adults to stay on their parents’ insurance plans until age 26 Mandating that all Americans have health insurance or face a penalty These provisions, along with others, have had a significant impact on the healthcare industry and the American public. The Social Effects of the Affordable Care Act One of the primary goals of the ACA was to improve access to healthcare for all Americans, regardless of income or pre-existing conditions. By expanding Medicaid coverage and creating health insurance marketplaces, the law has helped millions of Americans gain access to affordable healthcare. Additionally, the provision allowing young adults to stay on their parents’ insurance plans has helped many recent college graduates who would otherwise
There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics
There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics for data within the There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics for data within the organization or for health care information. Every year the National Cancer Institute collects and publishes data based on patient demographics. Understanding differences between the groups based upon the collected data often informs health care professionals towards research, treatment options, or patient education. Using the data on the “National Cancer Institute Data” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the Topic Materials, as needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas. Provide the following descriptive statistics: Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode Measures of Variation: Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range (a formula is not needed for Range). Once the data is calculated, provide a 150-250 word analysis of the descriptive statistics on the spreadsheet. This should include differences and health outcomes between groups. APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Expert Answer and Explanation Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode This paper will elaborate on the descriptive statistical analysis for lung and bronchus cancer for the different racial groups as contained in the National Cancer Institute (2018). The data compiled was from the years 2000 to 2015. Mean Mean, also known as average, is the total summation of the values given divided by the number of items in a data set (Grove & Gray, 2018). The following is a mean for the different racial groups: Mean = Σ/n. where Σ is the total sum of the rate per 100,000, and n is the number of years (16 years). American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) Mean = 692.4/16 = 43.275 Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) Mean = 616.2/16 = 38.5125 Black (includes Hispanic) Mean = 1121.1/16 = 70.06875 Hispanic (any race) Mean = 503.9/16= 31.49375 White (includes Hispanic) Mean = 1003.6/16=62.725 Median Median is defined as the middle number in a data set (Grove & Gray, 2018). Given that the data set used by this paper contains an even number of items, one can get the median by calculating the average of the two middle numbers. The median for the following racial groups is calculated as follows American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) Median = (43.1+44.6)/2 = 43.85 Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) Median = (38.8+39)/2 = 38.9 Black (includes Hispanic) Median = (71.2+71.6)/2 =71.4 Hispanic (any race) Median = (32+32.2)/2 =32.1 White (includes Hispanic) Median = (63.9+65.2)/2 = 64.55 Mode Mode is defined as the most repeated number in a data set. In case a modal value can’t be established, one is supposed to group the data values, and using the following formula; the modal value for the group can be identified. Mode = L + (fm − fm-1) / ((fm − fm-1) + (fm − fm+1)) × W where: L is the lower-class boundary of the modal group fmis the frequency of the modal group fm-1is the frequency of the group before the modal group fm+1is the frequency of the group after the modal group w is the group width American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) Data Groups 31-40 frequency = 6, 41-50 frequency = 9, 51-60 frequency = 1 The modal estimation for this population group is Mode = 41+ (9 − 6) / ((9 − 6) + (9 − 1)) × 10 = 41 +3/11 x 10 = 43.73 Ans = 43.73 Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) The mode for this population group is 36,6 Black (includes Hispanic) Data Groups 55-60 frequency = 2, 61-65 frequency =3, 66-70 frequency =2, 71-75 frequency =6, 76–80 frequency = 3 The modal estimation for this population group is Mode = 71+ (6 − 2) / ((6 − 2) + (6 − 3)) × 5 = 71 +4/7 x 10 = 76.71 Ans = 76.71 Hispanic (any race) The mode for this population group is 34.1 White (includes Hispanic) The mode for this population group is 65.8 Measures of Variation: Variance Variance is the measurement of how numbers are distributed in a given data set. The following is a formula used to calculate variance; Σ (Xi – μ) 2 / n. Where: Σ is summation of the items n is the total number of items in the data set. Xi is the individual figures in the data set, μ is the mean for that data set, The following is the variance for the given racial groups American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) μ = 43.275 Xi (μ – Xi)2 32 127.125625 36.6 44.555625 38.7 20.930625 39.6 13.505625 39.9 11.390625 40.1 10.080625 42.4 0.765625 43.1 0.030625 44.6 1.755625 45 2.975625 45.7 5.880625 46.4 9.765625 47.9 21.390625 48.7 29.430625 50 45.225625 51.7 70.980625 Σ =415.79 Variance = 415.79/16 = 25.986875 Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) μ = 38.5125 Xi (μ – Xi)2 34 20.36265625 34.4 16.91265625 36.6 3.65765625 36.6 3.65765625 36.7 3.28515625 37 2.28765625 38.5 0.00015625 38.8 0.08265625 39 0.23765625 39.8 1.65765625 40.2 2.84765625 40.4 3.56265625 40.5 3.95015625 40.9 5.70015625 41 6.18765625 41.8 10.80765625 Σ =85.1975 Variance = 85.1975/16 = 5.32484375 Black (includes Hispanic) μ = 38.5125 Xi (μ – Xi)2 57.4 160.4972266 60.5 91.56097656 61.3 76.89097656 64.1 35.62597656 64.3 33.27847656 67.8 5.147226562 70.8 0.534726563 71.2 1.279726563 71.6 2.344726563 73.4 11.09722656 73.7 13.18597656 75.1 25.31347656 75.8 32.84722656 77.3 52.29097656 77.8 59.77222656 79 79.76722656 Σ = 681.4344 Variance = 681.4344/16 = 42.58965 Hispanic (any race) μ = 31.49375 Xi (μ – Xi)2 26 30.18128906 26.8 22.03128906 28.2 10.84878906 28.8 7.256289062 29.4 4.383789063 30.3 1.425039062 31.8 0.093789063 32 0.256289063 32.2 0.498789063 32.7 1.455039063 33.8 5.318789062 34.1 6.792539063 34.1 6.792539063 34.2 7.323789063 34.5 9.037539063 35 12.29378906 Σ =125.989375 Variance = 125.989375/16 = 7.8743359375 White (includes Hispanic) μ = 38.5125 Xi (μ – Xi)2 53.2 90.725625 55.4
Select a research article other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library
Select a research article other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library. Provide an overview of the study and describe the strategy Select a research article other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library. Provide an overview of the study and describe the strategy that was used to select the sample from the population. Evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling method selected. Provide support for your answer. Include the article title and permalink in your post. Expert Answer and Explanation Discussion Post: Sampling Method The selected article for this discussion is an article by McHugh et al. (2016). The article is titled “Better Nurse Staffing and Nurse Work Environments Associated with Increased Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients” and has a permalink, which is doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000456. In brief, the article considers nurse staffing and the work environment as major factors contributing to patient outcomes, more so in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) cases. The article used cross sectional study as the main research design, where data was collected from three secondary sources. The first source was from the 2007 American Hospital Association (AHA)’s Annual Survey of Hospitals. The second source was from Penn Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Survey of registered nurses (data was collected in the period between 2006 and 2007 from four different states). The last source was from the 2006-2007 report by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) patient survey data (McHugh et al., 2016). The three sources used random sampling as the preferred method of selecting the research sample. Random sampling technique is a sampling method that gives the participants from a selected population an equal chance of being selected to participate in a study. This is one of the main features which makes it quite effective. When random sampling is done correctly, the aspect of bias is eliminated, thereby making the research findings representative of the target population (Moule, Aveyard & Goodman, 2016). Another feature that makes random sampling quite effective is that it reduces the amount of time and cost required to carry out a study, more so when a large target population is involved. References McHugh, M. D., Rochman, M. F., Sloane, D. M., Berg, R. A., Mancini, M. E., Nadkarni, V. M., … American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators (2016). Better Nurse Staffing and Nurse Work Environments Associated With Increased Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients. Medical care, 54(1), 74–80. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000456 Moule, P., Aveyard, H., & Goodman, M. (2016). Nursing research: An introduction. Sage. Using the research article selected for DQ 1, identify three key questions you will ask and answer when reading the research study and why these questions are important. When responding to peers, provide other questions and answers that could be considered in relation to the peers’ studies. Expert Answer and Explanation Key Questions in Research Studies When evaluating the study selected, the first question I would ask myself is; what is the objective of the study, or rather the main aim, which drove the researcher to carry out their study. In the identified research, the main objective was to establish the correlation between nurse engagement and patient outcome (McHugh et al., 2016). Having an objective is an essential factor in that it gives the research a bearing or direction through which the research results are to be established. The next question I would probably ask is, what are other research or studies saying about the subject matter and what is the motive behind the researcher’s interest in conducting the study? It is imperative to have a basis for measuring the research findings, whether the findings tally with or against other similar studies conducted. A historical perspective or the motive behind the researcher conducting the study is usually established in the problem statement. It is from that point that one can establish the contribution or application of the research findings in a practical setup. The third question I would ask myself is, what were the research findings and their implications in the practice of nursing. For example, in the research analyzed, it was concluded that a professional practice environment is essential in promoting better patient and nurse outcomes (McHugh et al., 2016). By using the research findings, one can be guided in their line of practice going forward. When responding to peers, other questions that I would consider include, how applicable is the research in a general set up? Applicability of the research findings gives importance and relevance to the research. Another question that can be considered is how the sample was collected to realize the results obtained. The importance of this question is to confirm the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the research. Reference McHugh, M. D., Rochman, M. F., Sloane, D. M., Berg, R. A., Mancini, M. E., Nadkarni, V. M., … American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators (2016). Better Nurse Staffing and Nurse Work Environments Associated With Increased Survival of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients. Medical care, 54(1), 74–80. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000456 Alternative Expert Answer Research Questions The first key question that I would ask will ask is, “what is evidence-based practice education program?” According to the article, EBP is the integration of readily available research among clinical professionals to increase the positive aspect of patient output (Kim, Gu, & Chang, 2019). EBP education program considers the aspects if patient culture, characteristics, and preferences to aid in deciding the most preferred treatment alternative that will ensure patient satisfaction. EBP is a representation of a new paradigm in nursing that is as a result of modern advancement in research methodology and clinical practice. EBP education integrates the information technology aspect in computing, coupled with the analytical skills in nursing to facilitate informed decision making. The second question that I would ask is, “what are the effects of EBP education program using the multifaceted interventions?” The research identifies that the evidence-based practice education program is a useful tool for improving skills, knowledge, competencies, attitudes, and the future use of EBP in graduate nursing students (Kim, Gu, & Chang, 2019). The third
An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems
An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease Module 5 Assignment: Case Study Analysis An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other. A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other. Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role. In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health. To prepare: By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor. Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis) A 58-year-old obese white male presents to ED with chief complaint of fever, chills, pain, and swelling in the right great toe. He states the symptoms came on very suddenly and he cannot put any weight on his foot. Physical exam reveals exquisite pain on any attempt to assess the right first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Past medical history positive for hypertension and Type II diabetes mellitus. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg po q am, and metformin 500 mg po bid. CBC normal except for elevated sedimentation rate (ESR) of 33 mm/hr and C-reactive protein (CRP) 24 mg/L. Metabolic panel normal. Uric acid level 6.7 mg/dl In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following: Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms. Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning. How these processes interact to affect the patient. Expert Answer: Alteration of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Systems Advanced practice registered nurses should be knowledgeable about the alterations in body systems. This information can help the nurses conduct a proper diagnosis and plan effective treatments. Understanding the processes of body systems that result in patient symptoms can also guide the APRNs during patient education and disease prevention. The purpose of this assignment is to examine the case study and identify the factors for diagnosis and implications for the health of the patient. Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms The nerves that connect the muscles of the toes are known as interdigital nerves. These nerves are pass between the bones of the toes to connect the toe muscles, tendons, and joints. The interdigital nerves’ longstanding irritation causes the swelling and pain on the patient’s right great toe (Raney, Thankam, Dilisio, & Agrawal, 2017). The swelling was caused by misalliance between the ability of the patient to withhold load and external load. This difference resulted from the patient’s ability to hold the load and physical exertion and posture. Pain is a sign that a certain tissue in one’s body is damaged. Raney et al. (2017) note that the body often communicates that a specific organ or tissue is damaged by sending a pain sensation to the brain to alert the patient. In the case, the patient experienced pain in his left toe because the interdigital nerves sensed high mechanical pressure on the injured and swollen toe joints and muscles. He cannot put weight on the foot because the nerves have communicated to the spinal cord, which has sent a signal to motor reflex, ordering it not to exert any pressure on the swollen toe. Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning The physiological functioning of the human body can be affected by various racial or ethical factors. The first factor is obesity. According to Spurr, Bally, Bullin, Allan, and McNair (2020), obesity is mostly recorded among blacks and Latinos compared to whites and Asians. The authors note that 49.6% of blacks are obese, followed by Hispanics (44.8%), whites (42.2%), and Asians (17.4%). Obesity affects cell repair and cell generation. The second variable is physical exercise. According to Ige-Elegbede, Pilkington, Gray, and Powell (2019), physical exercise activity is 6% lower among whites, 26% among African Americans, and 10% lower among Hispanics. El Khoudary et al. (2019) also performed research to understand the lean mass and muscle strength among blacks and whites. The researchers found that black males have a higher lean mass compared to white men. However, physical activity was higher among whites. How these Processes Interact to Affect the Patient Obesity highly affects physiological functioning, especially cell repair and generation (Toubal et al., 2020). However, the patient is a white male, meaning that the chances of being obese are minimal. Hence, the cells in his swollen toe are expected to generate, repair, and heal faster. Physical exercise also affects physiological functioning by increasing the effectiveness of medications and other metabolic processes (Ige-Elegbede et al., 2019). Being white, the patient is likely to work out often. Hence, he will show a positive response to hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg po q am and metformin 500 mg po bid. Lastly, the patient has a lower lean mass, increasing his chances of developing a toe condition. Conclusion The assignment has analyzed a case about a patient experiencing swollen and painful toe. The feeling is likely to result from communication between interdigital nerves, the brain, spinal cord, and toe muscles. The nerves communicated pain to alert the patient that the toe tissues are damaged. References El Khoudary, S. R., Greendale, G., Crawford, S. L., Avis, N. E., Brooks, M. M., Thurston, R. C., … & Matthews, K. (2019). The menopause transition and women’s health at midlife: a progress report from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Menopause (New York, NY), 26(10),