Learning styles represent the different approaches to learning based on preferences, weaknesses, and strengths. For learners to best achieve the desired educational
Learning styles represent the different approaches to learning based on preferences, weaknesses, and strengths. For learners to best achieve the desired educational Learning styles represent the different approaches to learning based on preferences, weaknesses, and strengths. For learners to best achieve the desired educational outcome, learning styles must be considered when creating a plan. Complete “The VARK Questionnaire,” located on the VARK website, and then complete the following: Click “OK” to receive your questionnaire scores. Once you have determined your preferred learning style, review the corresponding link to view your learning preference. Review the other learning styles: visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic, and multimodal (listed on the VARK Questionnaire Results page). Compare your current preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style. Examine how awareness of learning styles has influenced your perceptions of teaching and learning. In a paper (750–1,000 words), summarize your analysis of this exercise and discuss the overall value of learning styles. Include the following: Provide a summary of your learning style according the VARK questionnaire. Describe your preferred learning strategies. Compare your current preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style. Describe how individual learning styles affect the degree to which a learner can understand or perform educational activities. Discuss the importance of an educator identifying individual learning styles and preferences when working with learners. Discuss why understanding the learning styles of individuals participating in health promotion is important to achieving the desired outcome. How do learning styles ultimately affect the possibility for a behavioral change? How would different learning styles be accommodated in health promotion? Cite to at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Resources if you need assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation VARK Questionnaire Analysis The VARK questionnaire is a learning style assessment tool that was developed by Neil Fleming in 1987 (VARK Learn Limited, 2023a). The acronym VARK stands for Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic, which represent the four main learning modalities or styles. The primary design of the questionnaire is to help individuals understand their preferred learning style(s) and use this knowledge to enhance their learning experience. The VARK questionnaire consists of 16 multiple-choice questions that assess an individual’s preferred mode(s) of learning. The relevance of the VARK questionnaire lies in its ability to help individuals tailor their learning strategies and techniques to their preferred learning style(s), resulting in more effective and efficient learning outcomes (VARK Learn Limited, 2023a). Understanding one’s learning style can also help individuals communicate better with educators and peers and improve teamwork and collaboration in various settings. This paper will focus on my personal VARK results and how they are in line with my learning outcomes. Summary of Learning Styles The results from the VARK questionnaire shows my scores as Visual 5, Aural 6, Read/Write 2, Kinesthetic 14. Based on the VARK results, it appears that my preferred learning style is Kinesthetic. A very strong kinesthetic means I learn best through physical activities and experiences. I also tend to prefer hands-on learning, such as performing experiments, engaging in role-play, and using practical applications. Additionally, the learning style also is also related to my preference to move around while learning or take frequent breaks to avoid feeling restless or bored. On the other hand, I may find it challenging to learn through traditional methods such as lectures or reading. Inclusion of movement and tactile experiences into my learning can help me retain information more effectively. Preferred Learning Strategies My preferred learning strategy is through movement, and hands-on experiences which makes me a strong kinesthetics learner. As a kinesthetic learner, I benefit more from activities that involve manipulating objects or using their bodies to explore concepts. Kinesthetic learners tend to prefer learning through practical applications. The practical aspects could mean applying concepts to real-world problems or using technology and multimedia to engage in virtual simulations. I also tend to learn better when I am moving. Movement could mean taking frequent breaks to stretch or walk around or incorporating physical movement into learning activities, such as using hand gestures to represent ideas. Unlike other learning styles that are either based on auditory or visuals, Kinesthetic learners enjoy engaging in activities that allow them to experience concepts firsthand. For instance, I can learn better through role-playing, acting out scenarios, or participating in debates as a means to retain more information. Since I am a Kinesthetic learner, it is essential to tailor my learning strategies to my preferences. Over time, I have learned that I benefit more from incorporating movement into my learning activities or engaging in hands-on activities to reinforce concepts. Additionally, I realized that virtual simulations or practical applications can help me to retain information more effectively than traditional methods like reading or lectures. Impacts of Learning Style Individual learning styles can significantly impact the ability of a learner to understand and perform educational activities. Each learner has a unique set of preferences and tendencies, and catering to these preferences can improve their engagement, motivation, and overall learning outcomes. For instance, a Kinesthetic learner may struggle to grasp abstract concepts presented through traditional lectures or reading materials but may excel when given hands-on learning activities or practical applications (VARK Learn Limited, 2023). It is therefore crucial for educators to identify individual learning styles and preferences when working with learners to ensure that they can create effective learning environments that cater to each student’s needs. This approach can improve the understanding and performance of a learner, leading to better academic outcomes and greater satisfaction with the learning process. A definitive and better learning style can support a more inclusive and supportive learning environment where learners feel seen, heard, and valued, ultimately improving their overall educational experience. Learning Styles for Better Health Promotion Understanding the learning styles of individuals participating in health promotion is essential to achieving the desired outcomes (Chholak et al., 2019). Different individuals have distinct learning styles, and catering to these preferences can improve their understanding and retention of information and increase the likelihood of achieving
Provide a summary of your learning style according the VARK
Provide a summary of your learning style according the VARK questionnaire. Describe your preferred learning strategies Learning styles represent the different approaches to learning based on preferences, weaknesses, and strengths. For learners to best achieve the desired educational outcome, learning styles must be considered when creating a plan. Complete “The VARK Questionnaire,”( http://vark-learn.com/the-vark-questionnaire/ ) located on the VARK website, and then complete the following: Click “OK” to receive your questionnaire scores. Once you have determined your preferred learning style, review the corresponding link to view your learning preference. Review the other learning styles: visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic, and multimodal (listed on the VARK Questionnaire Results page). Compare your current preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style. Examine how awareness of learning styles has influenced your perceptions of teaching and learning. In a paper (750‐1,000 words), summarize your analysis of this exercise and discuss the overall value of learning styles. Include the following: Provide a summary of your learning style according the VARK questionnaire. Describe your preferred learning strategies. Compare your current preferred learning strategies to the identified strategies for your preferred learning style. Describe how individual learning styles affect the degree to which a learner can understand or perform educational activities. Discuss the importance of an educator identifying individual learning styles and preferences when working with learners. Discuss why understanding the learning styles of individuals participating in health promotion is important to achieving the desired outcome. How do learning styles ultimately affect the possibility for a behavioral change? How would different learning styles be accommodated in health promotion? Cite to at least three peer‐reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Expert Answer and Explanation My Learning Style The ability of people to acquire knowledge differs across different personalities and environments. The learning styles and techniques of someone may be a combination of different styles that could be applied over a wide range of circumstances (Truong, 2016). Regardless of one’s physical presentation, it is necessary to learn that they can develop specific styles of learning in response to present needs. In most schools, the curriculum employed allows learners to use their styles of choice including book-based learning, tutorials, class discussions, as well as exams. Recognizing one’s own learning styles improves the speed and the quality of learning they experience in different environments. Summary of My Learning Style According to the VARK Questionnaire According to the VARK questionnaire, my learning preference is Multimodal, whereby I prefer learning concepts using multiple methods or channels of communication. Among these different ways, my largest preference is Kinesthetic, as I had the highest scores in the category. Kinesthetic learning implies that I prefer using my hands, body, and sense of touch when learning. From the results, it is clear that people with my preference like to use different formats of information such as maps, graphs, and diagrams (Truong, 2016). They also like using discussions, listening, questioning, and taking notes, practical exercises, as well as experiences. Most importantly, they like using things that are real such as case studies in understanding various concepts that boost their learning experience. Fig 1. A screenshot of my scores from the VARK website. My preferred mode of learning is multimodal, with kinesthetic being the highest choice (The VARK Questionnaire, 2019). My Preferred Learning Strategies Among the strategies I prefer in learning include class discussions as well as class lectures that have illustrative diagrams. This relates to my learning style as it is a connection of different styles to achieve one mixture of methods. The main reason why I prefer class discussions is because they allow one to express themselves to class colleagues (and other people horizontally- with common level of education) about their learning experience. Illustrative diagrams also allow one to grasp the concept without much difficulty. How Learning Styles Can Affect the Degree of Performance in Educational Activities Learning styles affect the degree of performance in educational activities in that the better the learning style, the greater the performance. People who have not learnt how to integrate their learning styles with the educational activities find it hard improving the performance in the learning forums that they are involved in (Willingham, Hughes, & Dobolyi, 2015). When working with learners, educators should investigate their individual learning styles as they would understand the most applicable techniques when imparting them with knowledge, and this can greatly improve the learning outcomes. Why Understanding the Learning Styles of Individuals Involved in Health Promotion is Important Health promotion is a marketing strategy in which marketers or members of healthcare units attempt to increase the likelihood of health products becoming more popular among members of the public (Bokhari & Zafar, 2019). Just like teachers and lecturers, individuals participating in such campaign have the goal of increasing the knowledge of various products in a positive way to the members of the public. They can achieve the results through implementing practices and lessons that directly or indirectly result to behavior change and subsequent demand of the health products. Learning styles of the recipients of health promotional material can affect behavior change in that the more the promoter is aware of the recipient’s learning style, the higher the likelihood of changing their behavior (Bokhari & Zafar, 2019). People with a greater coincidence of learning styles knowledge have a higher likelihood of achieving positive results. Behavior change is also accomplished more easily when health promoters have the potential to quickly recognize the effect of their techniques on behavior change. Different learning styles can be accommodated in
Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis
Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Topic 3 DQ 1 Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions. Topic 3 DQ 2 Evaluate and provide examples of how hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are used together in health care research. Provide a workplace example that illustrates your ideas. Expert Answer and Explanation Topic 3 DQ 1: Hypothesis Testing The aspect of hypothesis testing refers to the process of creating inferences or otherwise referred to as educated guesses concerning a specific research parameter. Hypothesis testing can be conducted either through the use of uncontrolled observational study or statistics and sample data (Mellenbergh, 2019). Prior to testing a hypothesis, it is essential to come up with the degree of statistical significance in the hypothesis since a researcher cannot be 100 percent on the educated guess. An example of the use of hypothesis testing is in determining the prevalence of common cold in children who take vitamin C. The null hypothesis would state that the prevalence of flu in children who take vitamin C is similar to those who don’t take vitamin C. the alternative hypothesis would be that children with the uptake of vitamin C have a reduced prevalence of flu in flu seasons. Another example would be research to identify if therapy is more effective than a placebo. In order to reject the null hypothesis, a redetermined number of subjects among the hypothesis test have to prove the alternative hypothesis. The proof will then overturn the original null hypothesis, which will then be rejected. Hypothesis testing is an important aspect of statistics and research as it provides a basis for understanding whether something actually occurred or if certain groups or sets of data are different from each other (Dubois, 2017). Hypothesis testing also helps in identifying if an aspect of the research has more positive effects or if a variable can predict another to form a basis for defining a conclusion. With the help of the calculated probability (p-value), one can easily determine the inclination of the research based on either the null hypothesis of the alternative hypothesis. References Dubois, S. (2017). The Importance of Hypothesis Testing. (2020). Retrieved 18 May 2020, from https://sciencing.com/the-importance-of-hypothesis-testing-12750921.html Mellenbergh, G. J. (2019). Null Hypothesis Testing. In Counteracting Methodological Errors in Behavioral Research (pp. 179-218). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-12272-0 Topic 3 DQ 2: Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals are related in the sense that they both are inferential methods that are based on an approximated sampling distribution. The hypothesis tests make use of data from a given sample to test the predetermined hypothesis (Sacha & Panagiotakos, 2016). On the other hand, confidence intervals make use of data from the sample to provide an estimate of the population parameter. In this manner, it is evident that the simulation methods that are used in the construction of the bootstrap distribution, as well as the randomization distributions, are identical. Confidence intervals are made up of a range of reasonable estimations concerning population parameters. For instance, a two-tailed confidence interval is applied in a two-tailed hypothesis testing. In health care research, a confidence level of 95 percent is mostly used. The level indicates the significance of health research with regards to being precise and accurate with health care data (Hazra, 2017). For instance, while conducting research on the effect of therapy or medication on patients with mental health conditions. The calculation of the p-value will allow the researcher to achieve the results of the null hypothesis. With a low p-value, a researcher is able to comprehend that there is stronger support for the alternative hypothesis. In the workplace setting, research can be conducted on the impacts of evidence-based practice on patient outcomes. Hypothesis testing will facilitate the identification of educated guesses, while the confidence interval will provide a basis for the statistical confidence level that will be used in the research (Sacha & Panagiotakos, 2016). The research will then be used to provide a recommendation for the viability of the EBP. References Hazra A. (2017). Using the confidence interval confidently. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(10), 4125–4130. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.09.14 Sacha, V., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2016). Insights in Hypothesis Testing and Making Decisions in Biomedical Research. The open cardiovascular medicine journal, 10, 196–200. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874192401610010196 Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Topic 3 DQ 1 How Research Uses Hypothesis Testing And Criteria For Rejecting the Null Hypothesis Hypothesis testing is a statistical method commonly used in research to give interpretations about populations based on the sampled data. It is crucial to researchers as it determines whether there is sufficient evidence to either reject or support a hypothesis (Stunt et al., 2021). In hypothesis testing, two hypotheses are the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis (Bahrampour et al., 2022). The criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis have been explained in the examples of how research can use hypothesis testing. A good example of hypothesis testing is when a pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug with the argument that it is more effective in treating a given medical condition as compared to an existing drug. The hypotheses for the study can be: Null hypothesis: The new drug is as effective as the existing drug. Alternative Hypothesis: The new drug is more effective as compared to the existing drug. Another example of hypothesis testing is psychological research where hypothesis testing can be integral in determining the effects of a particular intervention. A hypothesis can state: Null hypothesis: This therapy does not show a difference in anxiety levels before and after therapy. Alternative hypothesis: The therapy contributed to a reduction in anxiety levels after therapy. To reject the null hypothesis the pharmaceutical company can set a significant level of 0.05 which is mostly used. After conducting the study and after data analysis, if the probability value associated with the test is less or equal to 0.05 then the null
Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare
Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare Throughout history, technological advancements have appeared for one purpose before finding applications elsewhere that lead to spikes in its usage and development. The internet, for example, was originally developed to share research before becoming a staple of work and entertainment. But technology—new and repurposed—will undoubtedly continue to be a driver of healthcare information. Informaticists often stay tuned to trends to monitor what the next new technology will be or how the next new idea for applying existing technology can benefit outcomes. In this Discussion, you will reflect on your healthcare organization’s use of technology and offer a technology trend you observe in your environment. To Prepare: Reflect on the Resources related to digital information tools and technologies. Consider your healthcare organization’s use of healthcare technologies to manage and distribute information. Reflect on current and potential future trends, such as use of social media and mobile applications/telehealth, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled asset tracking, or expert systems/artificial intelligence, and how they may impact nursing practice and healthcare delivery. By Day 3 of Week 6 Post a brief description of general healthcare technology trends, particularly related to data/information you have observed in use in your healthcare organization or nursing practice. Describe any potential challenges or risks that may be inherent in the technologies associated with these trends you described. Then, describe at least one potential benefit and one potential risk associated with data safety, legislation, and patient care for the technologies you described. Next, explain which healthcare technology trends you believe are most promising for impacting healthcare technology in nursing practice and explain why. Describe whether this promise will contribute to improvements in patient care outcomes, efficiencies, or data management. Be specific and provide examples. Expert Answer and Explanation Trends in Informatics Technology The healthcare technology is revolutionizing the delivery of health services by providing providers with the necessary tools that support the delivery of care. With the emerging trends in use of informatics technology, patients are benefitting from access to optimal care. General Healthcare Technology Trends The evolution of the healthcare technology is seen in various trends including the use of the mobile health apps, and telhealth technology to optimize care access and delivery. The technologies powered by the Internet of Things (IoTs) like wearable devices are easing and enhancing the delivery of preventive care by providing real-time data that inform clinical intervention decisions. Providers are equally leveraging the Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to capture and access patients’ data, and share this data with other members of the interprofessional team (Zhang & Saltman, 2022). Out of the trends I have observed, telhealth and EHRs are the predominant technologies in my healthcare organization. As a tool, the EHR system allows providers to store and retrieve patients’ data, and share it with colleagues. Conversely, the telhealth system, which may involve the use of virtual communication platform, facilitates provider-patient interaction, allowing patients to remotely access health services. The Concerns or Challenges tied to the Technologies Associated with the Trends While the use of the identified technological trends translates to the improvement in decision-making outcomes in clinical settings, they present serious concerns. The adoption and usability of the EHRs and telhealth is particularly a challenge in organizations because some users resist their use based on factors like lack of usage skills, and challenging interfaces. If users experience difficulty when attempting to use the technologies, they may resist its adoption and use in the healthcare setting. Some organizations grapple with cumbersome legislative compliance requirements which require that they adhere to the existing policies related to access control. For instance, the HIPAA policy requires organizations to adopt stringent security measures to safeguard patients’ health data (Wiley et al., 2022). Even with the implementation of the data safety policies, the risk of data breach is still high considering that hackers can take advantage of security vulnerabilities to hack into the organization’s IT infrastructure. Benefit and Risk Associated with Data Safety, Legislation and Patient Care Data safety and legislation in the context of patient care translate to the improvement in patient care outcomes. The use of the telehealth and EHRs in particular, improves coordination of care through real-time access to data, optimizing the clinical intervention outcomes. Telhealth supports the implementation of the post-discharge interventions, allowing providers to monitor patients, and to educate patients during their healing journey. A data breach incident in which data is altered can jeopardize the patient’s safety by causing poor health outcomes (Lim & Adler-Milstein, 2022). The Most Promising Healthcare Technology Trends The use of the telhealth is the most promising trend in terms of the utilization of the healthcare technologies to optimize health outcomes (Apathy et al., 2024). This trend will be instrumental in helping providers to reach an extended number of individuals in underserved communities. It will particularly reduce the burden associated with travelling to the healthcare facility. The Possibility of the Promise Contributing to Improvement in Patient Care Outcomes With the adoption of the telhealth, providers will be able to identify potential health issues and avert these issues before they turn into major complications. As providers turn to providing health services virtually, they will have more time to care for patents, resulting to better utilization of resources. Telhealth combined with EHR system will automate data collection, ensuring that providers have access to records of each patient. Conclusion In conclusion, the EHRs and telhealth are some of the technologies that providers are utilizing to provide patients with high-end care. Despite the privacy and safety concerns, these technologies are contributing to enhancing decision-making. References Apathy, N. C., Zabala, G., Gomes, K., Spaar, P., Krevat, S. A., & Ratwani, R. M. (2024). Telemedicine and In-Person Visit Modality Mix and Electronic Health Record Use in Primary Care. JAMA network open, 7(4), e248060. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8060. Lim, J., & Adler-Milstein, J. (2022). 531 Telehealth, associated changes in EHR use patterns, and implications for physician burnout in the ambulatory care setting. Journal
After reviewing Cultural Humility Is a Nursing Clinical Competency” and the
After reviewing Cultural Humility Is a Nursing Clinical Competency” and the “Health Literacy Universal Precautions Topic 2 DQ 1 After reviewing Cultural Humility Is a Nursing Clinical Competency” and the “Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit, 2nd Edition,” located in the topic Resources, choose an ethnic minority group and explore health disparities for the chosen group. Describe how to integrate the components of health literacy and cultural considerations into a health promotion teaching plan for one health disparity identified in the research and how health literacy supports overall health promotion. Required resource https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy/improve/precautions/index.html Read “Cultural Humility Is a Nursing Clinical Competency,” by Becze, from ONS Voice (2021). Expert Answer and Explanation Cultural Humility and Health Promotion Currently, Hispanic/Latino people experience poor health outcomes as compared to other people. This is attributed to many factors, including limited access to healthcare services. Notably, most Hispanic people do not have insurance coverage, and this usually makes healthcare very expensive for them. Additionally, some of them experience language barriers as they do not understand English, the primary language spoken in the country. It is also notable that they have higher rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and other conditions (Dragomanovich & Shubrook, 2021). Another issue is the low health literacy levels. Most of them are concerned with working and do not focus on health knowledge or how to interact with the healthcare system. Overall, this reduces their health outcomes, making it crucial to enhance their health integration literacy. How To Integrate the Concept of Health Literacy When considering Latino/Hispanic people, healthcare providers should use plain language when integrating the concept of health literacy. Using complex medical terms makes it hard for laypeople to understand the idea and miss out on the essential aspects (Babalola et al., 2021). Additionally, it is crucial to provide information in Spanish and English as Hispanic/Latino people mainly speak the language. In the health literacy program, other aspects apart from speaking should be used. This can include visual aids or videos showing a health issue and how the population can protect themselves. Cultural Considerations When educating Hispanic/ Latino communities, it is crucial to be respectful of their traditional beliefs and practices. Most of them have deep religious beliefs, and going against them can be considered to be insensitive and inconsiderate, and therefore, they might be dismissive of the lessons (Ly et al., 2023). It is also crucial to involve family members in the process, as family is an essential unit in the Hispanic culture. Moreover, when suggesting activities they should carry out to enhance their health, it is crucial to understand their culture’s position on such activities. Teaching Plan For Diabetes Prevention One of the health issues experienced by Hispanic/Latino people is a high prevalence of diabetes. The learning objectives include understanding the risk factors for diabetes. This will make them understand the factors that can lead to obesity and try to avoid them (Goff et al., 2020). Another learning objective is to identify healthy eating habits that will reduce the risk of having diabetes. Additionally, it is essential to teach them about the importance of physical activity to general health and in lowering diabetes prevalence in general. The teaching method will include a combination of activities, presentations, and discussions that will engage participants. Through the interactive lesson, it will be possible to ensure that the participants understand all shared information (Dragomanovich & Shubrook, 2021). Additionally, there will be peer support groups, which will provide a chance for individuals to discuss with each other and even share their experience with the disease and how to avoid it for others. All material shared must be culturally sensitive. They will be asked to restate the primary information to evaluate the learners. Additionally, the health educator will gather their feedback on the lesson and clarify any information that is still vague. Health Literacy Supports Overall Wealth Promotion Through health literacy, individuals can make informed decisions concerning their health. This way, following the health belief model, they can take control of their health and even make better decisions concerning their well-being. Additionally, they can navigate the healthcare system and get all the resources needed for their well-being. It is also notable that through health literacy, individuals can self-manage chronic disease, reducing costs and improving their well-being. References Babalola, O. M., Garcia, T. J., Sefcik, E. F., & Peck, J. L. (2021). Improving Diabetes Education in Mexican American Older Adults. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 32(6), 104365962199466. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659621994664 Dragomanovich, H. M., & Shubrook, J. H. (2021). Improving Cultural Humility and Competency in Diabetes Care for Primary Care Providers. Clinical Diabetes, 39(2), cd200063. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd20-0063 Goff, L. M., Moore, A., Harding, S., & Rivas, C. (2020). Providing culturally sensitive diabetes self-management education and support for black African and Caribbean communities: a qualitative exploration of the challenges experienced by healthcare practitioners in inner London. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 8(2), e001818. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001818 Ly, A. L., Flynn, P. M., & Betancourt, H. M. (2023). Cultural Beliefs About Diabetes-Related Social Exclusion and Diabetes Distress Impact Self-Care Behaviors and HbA1c Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023-10179-w Topic 2 DQ 2 Consider how culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, employment, support networks, and environment or neighborhood impact health promotion practices. Analyze to what extent access and quality of health care can affect health promotion. Provide examples from your community. Expert Answer and Explanation T2DQ2 Culture, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status Culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status significantly influence health promotion practices. Cultural beliefs shape how individuals perceive health, illness, and treatment, often affecting their willingness to seek medical care. For instance, in some cultures, traditional healing practices may take precedence over modern medicine, impacting the acceptance of preventative care (Easterbrook et al., 2020). Ethnicity can also determine access to healthcare, as minority groups often face language barriers, mistrust of the healthcare system, and discrimination. Socioeconomic status, including income and education level, is closely linked to health outcomes, with individuals from lower-income households more likely to experience health disparities due to limited resources, lack of insurance, and reduced access to health services. Education and employment also play pivotal roles in shaping health behaviors. Higher education levels typically correlate with greater health literacy, allowing individuals to make informed decisions about their health, adhere to medication regimens, and understand the importance of preventative measures like
Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data?
Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and In the modern era, there are few professions that do not to some extent rely on data. Stockbrokers rely on market data to advise clients on financial matters. Meteorologists rely on weather data to forecast weather conditions, while realtors rely on data to advise on the purchase and sale of property. In these and other cases, data not only helps solve problems, but adds to the practitioner’s and the discipline’s body of knowledge. Of course, the nursing profession also relies heavily on data. The field of nursing informatics aims to make sure nurses have access to the appropriate date to solve healthcare problems, make decisions in the interest of patients, and add to knowledge. In this Discussion, you will consider a scenario that would benefit from access to data and how such access could facilitate both problem-solving and knowledge formation. To Prepare: Reflect on the concepts of informatics and knowledge work as presented in the Resources. Consider a hypothetical scenario based on your own healthcare practice or organization that would require or benefit from the access/collection and application of data. Your scenario may involve a patient, staff, or management problem or gap. By Day 3 of Week 1 Post a description of the focus of your scenario. Describe the data that could be used and how the data might be collected and accessed. What knowledge might be derived from that data? How would a nurse leader use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience? Expert Answer and Explanation The Application of Data to Problem-Solving Description of Scenario In the hospital, there are many forms of data collection including patients’ demographic information, laboratory tests, prescription drugs, physiologic monitoring data, patient insurance, hospitalization, and hospital administrative functions (Kohl et al., 2017). In my facility, once of the scenarios where data is used in problem-solving is the management of chronic conditions. Patients with chronic diseases come to the hospital often, as they need to have constant checkups and regular medications in order to manage their conditions. Description of the Data that Could be Used The data that could be used in my scenario include the number of symptoms that are presented and the time that the symptoms have been seen in the patients. The data can be collected from the patients through the regular laboratory diagnostic procedures, and can be accessed from the records of patients’ medical history. Knowledge that Might be Derived from the Data Some of the information that could be derived from the data is new information about the trends in the chronic illnesses. Other information include the resistance of the drugs that are used to manage some of the infections that are associated with the chronic diseases (Zwar et al., 2017). How a Nurse Leader would Use Clinical Reasoning and Judgment in Knowledge Formation Nurse leaders can use clinical reasoning and judgment in the formation of knowledge from this experience in many ways. Firstly, they would understand the essence of accuracy in data collection and recording, as making mistakes could lead to numerous negative implications on clinical decisions (Branting, 2017). Also, proper use of clinical data improves on the knowledge of the management of chronic conditions. References Branting, L. K. (2017). Data-centric and logic-based models for automated legal problem solving. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 25(1), 5-27. Kohl, S., Schoenfelder, J., Fügener, A., & Brunner, J. O. (2019). The use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in healthcare with a focus on hospitals. Health care management science, 22(2), 245-286. Zwar, N., Harris, M., Griffiths, R., Roland, M., Dennis, S., Powell Davies, G., & Hasan, I. (2017). A systematic review of chronic disease management. Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Informatics To enhance patient safety within a healthcare facility, there are a lot of dynamics that come into play. The number of missed nursing care, the number of patients’ vis-a-vis the care providers, the number of fall rates as a result of design aspects of the facilities, to list a few. These are some of the key features that need to be assessed with a conclusive solution realized to any issues concerning patient safety. However, to assist in the process, collection and assessment of data is vital. With the evolution of healthcare systems through technology advances, collecting information in a healthcare setup has become simpler (McBride & Tietze, 2018). Using the example above where patient safety is supposed to be bolstered, there are different sets of data that may be of help. For example, data on the number of admissions per unit can be collected and the nursing staff adjusted as per the need of individual units as a result, reducing physical and emotional nurse burnout that may result in poor safety outcomes for the patient. Another data that can be collected is the number of fall rates and the reason why they occurred in the first place. This data can be used to facilitate changes within the hospital setting to secure better patient safety. For a nurse leader, the collection of such data is vital, especially in the decision-making process. From the collected information, the nurse leader can decide to allocate more nurses on a case-by-case scenario with an increase in the number of patients in different patient units. A nurse leader can also call for structural changes within the facility to reduce patient fall rates. Therefore, with the use of nursing informatics, a nurse leader should always assess areas for improvement by collecting relevant data that can be used to formulate organizational changes to bolster patient safety (Lee et al., 2017). References Lee, T. Y., Sun, G. T., Kou, L. T., & Yeh, M. L. (2017). The use of information technology to enhance patient safety and nursing efficiency. Technology and Health Care, 25(5), 917-928. DOI: 10.3233/THC-170848 McBride, S., & Tietze, M. (2018). Nursing informatics for the advanced practice nurse: patient safety, quality, outcomes, and interprofessionalism. Springer Publishing Company. Place your order
What is your definition of spiritual care? How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings?
What is your definition of spiritual care? How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings? Explain. Expert Answer and Explanation Definition of Spiritual Care As a nurse, it is essential to provide holistic care to patients by providing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. While physical and emotional needs appear to be direct, spiritual needs are complicated. In my opinion, spiritual care involves acknowledging that the patient believes in a higher power and supporting them in whatever way necessary to connect with it. In many cases, patients might not understand the reason for their suffering and therefore turn to spiritual assurance. A patient can deal with illness, pain, grief, and even loss through spirituality with a more positive attitude (Koper et al. 2019). While the nurse’s role should be to care for the patient physically and ensure that they are in the right state of mind, they should help the patient understand their spirituality. Nurses should seek the patients” understanding of spirituality and explain how they can incorporate it into their healing, hence making them understand their situation even better. The topic readings define spiritual care as the support that nurses offer patients coping with illnesses or pain to make the patient heal physically or emotionally (Hvidt et al. 2020). Through the definition, it is clear that spiritual care is important but it is mostly overlooked. The lack of standard measurement to determine the care also hinders spiritual development (Rachel et al. 2019). The definition explains that nurses can offer support by giving the patients time to pray or quiet when families are interreacting spiritually. While my definition and the topic reading definitions are similar, I believe that my definition does not differ from the topic readings definition. However, each definition allows for a deeper connection between patients and the nurses, increasing the patient’s trust and improving patients’ outcomes. Therefore, when implemented well, either definition will play an essential role in providing holistic care to the patients. References Hvidt, N. C., Nielsen, K. T., Kørup, A. K., Prinds, C., Hansen, D. G., Viftrup, D. T., … & Wæhrens, E. E. (2020). What is spiritual care? Professional perspectives on the concept of spiritual care identified through group concept mapping. BMJ open, 10(12), e042142. Koper, I., Pasman, H. R. W., Schweitzer, B. P., Kuin, A., & Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D. (2019). Spiritual care at the end of life in the primary care setting: experiences from spiritual caregivers-a mixed methods study. BMC palliative care, 18(1), 1-10. Rachel, H., Chiara, C., Robert, K., & Francesco, S. (2019). Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 90(Suppl 4), 44. Alternative Expert Answer Definition and Analysis of Spiritual Care Patients from diverse background see providers expecting to benefit from the care which the latter provides. Some of these patients tend to have spiritual needs, and a provider has a mandate of meeting these needs. The concept, spiritual care, denotes the idea of full filling these kinds of needs. The beneficiaries of this kind of care is not limited to patients considering that patients’ families can equally benefit from it. This means that spiritual care involves attending to a sick person’s spiritual needs with focus on helping the person deal effectively with their experiences. People receive this kind of care so that they can emotionally recover, and the care can limit the severity of a physiological condition, and encourage the healing of the patient given that it helps reduce stress (Fitch & Bartlett, 2019). When a spiritual person receives this kind of care, they gain the hope of recovering, and this ultimately hasten their recovery. The perspective of the spiritual care resonates with the description of the same concept based on the topic readings. Just like in the readings, my own definition of the concept links care to various benefits. A key theme which seems to manifest when comparing my description of the spiritual care and that in the readings, for instance, is helping one to cope with an illness. As they go through their physiological experience, and as they receive spiritual care, a patient becomes hopeful that they would heal. Another shared feature when relating the readings’ view on the concept, and that based on my personal view, is the emotional wellbeing that results when one receives spiritual care. People essentially become emotionally well when they receive spiritual care (Melhem et al., 2016). References Fitch, M. I., & Bartlett, R. (2019). Patient Perspectives about Spirituality and Spiritual Care. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 6(2), 111–121.Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_62_18. Melhem, G. A., Zeilani, R. S., Zaqqout, O. A., Aljwad, A. I., Shawagfeh, M. Q., & Al-Rahim, M. A. (2016). Nurses’ Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Giving: A Comparison Study Among All Health Care Sectors in Jordan. Indian journal of palliative care, 22(1), 42–49.Doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.173949. DQ 2 When it comes to facilitating spiritual care for patients with worldviews different from your own, what are your strengths and weaknesses? If you were the patient, who would have the final say in terms of ethical decision-making and intervention in the event of a difficult situation? Expert Answer and Explanation Spiritual Care for Patients with Different Worldviews As a nurse, one meets different patients, some with varying perspectives on spirituality. However, it is essential to ensure that one does not experience any biases in taking care of the patients as it is their role to provide equal care (Alshehry, 2018). However, it is almost impossible to provide biased spiritual care when a patient has varying views. For instance, a nurse can be deeply religious while the patient is an atheist (Saad & de Medeiros, 2021). In my case, I have several strengths that guide me when dealing with patients with different worldviews. One of my strengths is that I am accommodating and non-judgments. Instead of judging a patient because of their religious stand, I seek to understand more from them. As a result, they open up more on their spirituality
Write a brief analysis no longer than 2 pages of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim
Write a brief analysis no longer than 2 pages of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice and the Quadruple Aim Healthcare organizations continually seek to optimize healthcare performance. For years, this approach was a three-pronged one known as the Triple Aim, with efforts focused on improved population health, enhanced patient experience, and lower healthcare costs. More recently, this approach has evolved to a Quadruple Aim by including a focus on improving the work life of healthcare providers. Each of these measures are impacted by decisions made at the organizational level, and organizations have increasingly turned to EBP to inform and justify these decisions. To Prepare: Read the articles by Sikka, Morath, & Leape (2015); Crabtree, Brennan, Davis, & Coyle (2016); and Kim et al. (2016) provided in the Resources. Reflect on how EBP might impact (or not impact) the Quadruple Aim in healthcare. Consider the impact that EBP may have on factors impacting these quadruple aim elements, such as preventable medical errors or healthcare delivery. To Complete: Write a brief analysis (no longer than 2 pages) of the connection between EBP and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how EBP might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of: Patient experience Population health Costs Work life of healthcare providers Articles for this paper include: Sikka, R., Morath, J. M., & Leape, L. (2015). The Quadruple Aim: Care, health, cost and meaning in work. BMJ Quality & Safety, 24, 608–610. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004160. Retrieved from https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/qhc/24/10/608.full.pdf Crabtree, E., Brennan, E., Davis, A., & Coyle, A. (2016). Improving patient care through nursing engagement in evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(2), 172–175. doi:10.1111/wvn.12126 Assignment Rubric: Write a brief analysis of the connection between evidence-based practice and the Quadruple Aim. Your analysis should address how evidence-based practice might (or might not) help reach the Quadruple Aim, including each of the four measures of:· Patient experience · Population health · Costs · Work life of healthcare providers— Excellent 77 (77%) – 85 (85%) Good 68 (68%) – 76 (76%) Fair 60 (60%) – 67 (67%) Poor 0 (0%) – 59 (59%) Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Written Expression and Formatting—The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list.— Excellent 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Good 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Fair 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Poor 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Expert Answer and Explanation The use of EBP in nursing practice has been a concept that has been embraced by many healthcare organizations. EBP involves the use of scientifically proven methods or information in the delivery of care to patients. However, its adoption from an organizational perspective requires a holistic approach involving both personal and organizational change of culture to succeed (Melnyk et al., 2014). With proper utilization of EBP, a positive outcome can be realized in enhancing the Quadruple Aim model of improving the overall performance in health care delivery. Patient Experience One of the key components that Quadruple Aim model uses to improve healthcare performance is the patient experience. The initial approach of healthcare delivery was mainly focused on improving the health outcomes of patients from a diseased state to a neutral or positive state. This was done without necessarily focusing on whether the patients were satisfied with the services or not. Currently, with the privatization of many health institutions and the resultant market-led competition in the industry, a lot of emphasis has been placed on ensuring patients are satisfied with the healthcare services they receive. EBP allows the access to current information and methodology on how to handle patients with diverse characteristics and lays focus on core issues such as cultural competence in healthcare, which aims at enhancing patient satisfaction (Crabtree et al., 2016). Population Health The scope of healthcare delivery is not limited to only improving the health status of established patients, but to also ensure that the entire surrounding community embraces good health practices for better health outcomes. EBP, by providing current and relevant information on good health practices, and sensitizing the population on current healthcare issues, then, a positive change in the health continuum of the population is expected. EBP also helps to inform the strategies to be used in health promotion activities such as advocacy, community health education, etc., with the aim of improving the health outcome of a given population group. Healthcare costs The issue of high medical costs has been a major impediment in the provision of health care services. Many patients have succumbed to their illnesses due to this issue. That is why institutions, both governmental and non-governmental, involved in the provision of healthcare services, are trying to find ways of reducing the heavy cost burden on patients. EBP can play an instrumental role in the reduction of healthcare costs through proposal of alternative methods of delivering healthcare services. EBP offers proactive approaches to improving the health status of patients, thus reducing the overall costs spent on healthcare in the long run. EBP also emphasizes on modern healthcare trends like the use of current technology in the delivery of health services. This, in the long run, reduces the medical errors and translates to a reduction in costs spent on healthcare by both the patients and the hospital (reduction of litigation costs due to preventable medical errors). Better Working Environment for Healthcare Providers The wellbeing and satisfaction of patients to a great
For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay
For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Assignment Description: Part 1: For this assignment conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay. To understand culture and cultural diversity, you must understand your own culture and beliefs. Utilizing the Staircase Self-Assessment Model as a means of determining your level of cultural competency, write a 1250 to 1500-word essay outlining the six stages: cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, pre-competency, basic cultural competency, and advance cultural competency. Determine your level on the staircase by answering the following questions. Please be mindful that your responses will not be judged; only your knowledge of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model will be evaluated: Step 1: • How much do I value becoming culturally competent? • What actions have I taken recently or in the past when caring for culturally diverse patients that demonstrate my motivation? Step 2: • How much do I know about my cultural heritage or racial identity and its relationship to my own healthcare beliefs and practices? • Have I discussed these issues with my parents, grandparents, or other relatives? Step 3: • How much do I know about cultural groups that differ from my own? Step 4: • How culturally diverse is my social network? • How many encounters with cultural group members outside my social network do I have? Are these relationships superficial, or do I have social contact beyond the workplace? Step 5: • Am I able to independently identify the potential or actual problems that originate from cultural conflicts, or am I surprised by them? • Do I serve as a culturally competent role model/mentor for others? Step 6: • Have I developed problem-solving strategies to manage cultural conflicts? • Am I able to manage or resolve cultural problems or issues that arise, and what resources do I use? Once you have completed the self-assessment, address the following questions: 1. Why are self-knowledge and understanding a critical step in achieving cultural competence? 2. How has the “cultural self-assessment” exercise influenced your awareness of personal and professional values, attitudes, and practices, including prejudices and biases? 3. How will your interactions with patients and families change as a result of this self-reflection? Remember, you answer these questions from your perspective, so there is no right or wrong response. You must address each question. Although the information on your self-assessment paper is strictly confidential, if you do not wish to self-disclose a specific area from the Staircase, indicate that by explaining in detail why you do not want to disclose. You are not required to provide citations/references in this paper. Attention should be paid to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Part 2: Go to Think Cultural Health located on the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office of Minority Health website (you may access it from the following URL (https://thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/). Click on the Education tab. Select nurses and create your account (there are approximately seven questions to answer). Register for the Think Cultural Health program for nurses: Nurses – Culturally Competent Nursing Care: A Cornerstone of Caring. For Module 1, you will only register and review the objectives of Course I. Throughout the next 7 Modules; you will complete the program. There are three (3) courses. The estimated time to complete the entire program is nine (9) hours. When you register, please Do Not select the CNE Nursing option. You must select the option, Statement of Participation. You will submit the Statement of Participation in Module 7. Expert Answer and Explanation Staircase Self-Assessment Model Cultural diversity is a key factor for any medical professional and can be used to ensure efficient working relations. It is important that different interventions and models are applied to help improve the efficiency and outcome of care. The Staircase Self-Assessment Model can be used to help understand the aspect of cultural competency and how it can be applied within the healthcare sector. This paper will focus on the analysis of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model to explore the issue of cultural competency. Stages of the Staircase Self-Assessment Model Cultural Destructiveness Cultural destructiveness occurs when a person denies patient healthcare services as of the difference in the culturally and linguistically diverse background. The aspect denotes that there can be challenges with the delivery of care when the nurse and patient come from different or diverse cultures, in this regard, the cultural difference would have facilitated the destruction of services that would have been rendered under other conditions. Cultural Incapacity The concept of cultural incapacity originates from the lack of capacity to meet the needs of patients from all ethnic, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds. Incapacity is different from destructiveness since it focuses on the inability of the facility to meet different needs. The incapacity can be derived from the lack of resources or amenities to ensure that the facility meets all its services to different cultural different patients. Cultural Blindness The component of cultural blindness is the deliberate oversight of the aspect of culture and how it can be used to meet the different outcomes of care. When a care provider provides the same standard form of care to all patients regardless of their cultural background can be referred to as cultural blindness. The aspect denotes that the treatment is only based on the medical need of the patient and not the alignment with cultural norms. Blindness treats each person equally and care is not based on cultural and ethnic needs, but rather based on standard protocols that apply to all. Cultural Pre-Competency The pre-competence aspect focuses on the strategies within which agencies or individual care providers attempt to improve their cultural awareness. The process is essential as it creates a means by which a person can further improve their understanding of culture and its impact on others. Cultural awareness within the pre-competence level can be viewed as the early stages toward proficiency. Basic Cultural Competency The stage of cultural competency is the continued attempts for a person to make
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid with one another and explain how they were similar and different to each other. Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care, a principle dubbed “gatekeeping.” Some argue that “gatekeeping” is unethical because it introduces financial factors into treatment decisions. Others say it improves quality by promoting the use of the most appropriate levels of care. Medicare is an area that often gets overlooked and is seen as a burden financially. Discuss alternatives to ease the drain on Medicare resources. Medicaid is shouldering an ever-increasing burden of cost for long-term care for the elderly, with enormous impacts on state budgets throughout the nation. Discuss alternatives to ease this drain on Medicaid resources. Develop an APA-formatted essay discussing the three entities. Describe what they are and how they differ. Include an introduction to let the reader know what will be found in the essay. Create a table to provide comparison of the three entities. The table can be used as the body of the paper, or it can be added as an addendum after the Reference page. If you opt to add it as an addendum, refer to the table in the narrative in the body of the essay. As in all essays, include a conclusion to provide a summary of the material. This assignment highlights your ability to do research and display information in a table format. Include citations, as appropriate, for information in the table. Refer to chapter 7 in the APA manual, specifically pages 223 -224 for information on tables using words for displaying information. Required Source Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. A. (2017). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Read Chapter 8. The following specifications are required for this assignment: Length: 750 words Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least two (2) scholarly sources to support your claims. Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx). File Name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”) Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Finance In the United States (US), healthcare is paid for or financed in a variety of ways. One of the ways is the out-of-pocket method where individuals pay directly for services they have been offered. The second way is private insurance. Other people have health insurance coverage as a tax-free benefit from their employer (Sultz & Young, 2017). Most working individuals are covered by employer-provided healthcare insurance, a managed care plan, such as a Health Maintenance Organization, or traditional indemnity insurance. The third method is public insurance and programs. For instance, the government has Military Health Insurance to cover the health of military personnel and their dependents as well as veterans. Other health insurance programs run by the government include Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) (Sultz & Young, 2017). People often confuse Medicare, Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and Medicaid. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid by giving their similarities and differences. The Three Entities The first entity is MCO. MCOs are integrated organizations in the healthcare system focused on managed care as a method of reducing care costs while maintaining a high quality of care. The focus of MCOs is to reduce the cost of care while keeping the quality high. There are four types of MCOs (Seiler et al., 2022). The first type is Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). HMO manages care by requiring beneficiaries to see a network of health providers at a much lower cost. It also needs beneficially to see their primary care provider (PCP) before any provider who is not in the network. The second type is Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). This form of MCO allows one to see any doctor they like, in the network or outside (Opoku et al., 2022). The beneficially may pay less for seeing an in-network provider and higher for the outside network provider. The third is Point of Service (POS). This program combines HMO and PPO where one can see providers in and outside the network but at slightly higher costs. The last type is Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) (Opoku et al., 2022). It also combines HMOs and PPOs’ features. Its costs are less than PPO but higher than HMO. The second entity is the Medicare program. Medical is a federal health insurance program for some young people with disabilities, adults aged 65 years or older, and individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease (Agarwal et al., 2021). Drain in Medicare resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First, reducing unnecessary complications and preventable readmissions. Complications and readmission increase the cost of care and thus puts more burden on Medicare (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, n.d). Second, the drain can be reduced by decreasing the use of high-cost drugs. Lastly, the program should use the value-based model to pay physicians where they are paid based on efficiency, quality, and care coordination. The third entity is the Medicaid program. Medicaid is a health insurance program that provides health coverage to millions of US citizens, including children, low-income adults, elderly adults and people with disabilities, and pregnant women (Linder et al., 2018). States administer the program based on federal requirements. The program is funded both by the federal government and state governments. Drain in Medicaid resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First. Physician payment should be modified to decrease unnecessary care. physicians should be paid using the salaried system with a relatively modest bonus for quality (Linder et al., 2018).