[ANSWERED 2023] Watch the YMH Boston Vignette 5 video and take notes; you will use this video as the basis for your Discussion post
Watch the YMH Boston Vignette 5 video and take notes; you will use this video as the basis for your Discussion post Many assessment principles are the same for children and adults; however, unlike with adults/older adults, where consent for participation in the assessment comes from the actual client, with children it is the parents or guardians who must make the decision for treatment. Issues of confidentiality, privacy, and consent must be addressed. When working with children, it is not only important to be able to connect with the pediatric patient, but also to be able to collaborate effectively with the caregivers, other family members, teachers, and school counselors/psychologists, all of whom will be able to provide important context and details to aid in your assessment and treatment plans. Some children/adolescents may be more difficult to assess than adults, as they can be less psychologically minded. That is, they have less insights into themselves and their motivations than adults (although this is not universally true). The PMHNP must also take into consideration the child’s culture and environmental context. Additionally, with children/adolescents, there are lower rates of neurocognitive disorders superimposed on other clinical conditions, such as depression or anxiety, which create additional diagnostic challenges. In this Discussion, you review and critique the techniques and methods of a mental health professional as the practitioner completes a comprehensive, integrated psychiatric assessment of an adolescent. You also identify rating scales and treatment options that are specifically appropriate for children/adolescents. To Prepare Review the Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide on comprehensive, integrated psychiatric assessment. Watch the Mental Status Examination B-6 and Simulation Scenario-Adolescent Risk Assessment videos. Watch the YMH Boston Vignette 5 video and take notes; you will use this video as the basis for your Discussion post. By Day 3 of Week 1 Based on the YMH Boston Vignette 5 video, post answers to the following questions: What did the practitioner do well? In what areas can the practitioner improve? At this point in the clinical interview, do you have any compelling concerns? If so, what are they? What would be your next question, and why? Then, address the following. Your answers to these prompts do not have to be tailored to the patient in the YMH Boston video. Explain why a thorough psychiatric assessment of a child/adolescent is important. Describe two different symptom rating scales that would be appropriate to use during the psychiatric assessment of a child/adolescent. Describe two psychiatric treatment options for children and adolescents that may not be used when treating adults. Explain the role parents/guardians play in assessment. Support your response with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. By Day 6 of Week 1 Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days by offering additional insights or alternative perspectives on their analysis of the video, other rating scales that may be used with children, or other treatment options for children not yet mentioned. Be specific and provide a rationale with evidence. Excellent Good Fair Poor Main Posting: Response to the Discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Thoroughly responds to the Discussion question(s) Is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources No less than 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth Supported by at least three current credible sources 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to most of the Discussion question(s) Is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module 50% of the post has exceptional depth and breadth Supported by at least three credible references 31 (31%) – 34 (34%) Responds to some of the Discussion question(s) One to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module Post is supported by fewer than two credible references 0 (0%) – 30 (30%) Does not respond to the Discussion question(s) Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module Contains only one or no credible references Main Posting: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Written clearly and concisely Contains no grammatical or spelling errors Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Written concisely May contain one to two grammatical or spelling errors Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style with minor errors 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Written somewhat concisely May contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors Contains some APA formatting errors 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Not written clearly or concisely Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style Main Posting: Timely and full participation 9 (9%) – 10 (10%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation Posts main Discussion by due date 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Posts main Discussion by due date Meets requirements for full participation 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Posts main Discussion by due date 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Does not meet requirements for full participation Does not post main Discussion by due date First Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources 9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings Responds to questions posed by faculty The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic, may have some depth. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic, lacks depth. First Response: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources Response is effectively written
[ANSWERED] Budgeting in Healthcare. Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations
Budgeting in Healthcare. Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following Module 4: Assignment Remember to submit your work following the file naming convention FirstInitial.LastName_M01.docx. For example, J.Smith_M01.docx. Remember that it is not necessary to manually type in the file extension; it will automatically append. Start by reading and following these instructions: Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling. Assignment: Budgeting in Healthcare. Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations in your essay. Use strict APA guidelines to format the paper. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount and an abstract and table of contents are not necessary and if included are not part of the overall word count. Provide a budget from a healthcare organization and describe and define each entry in the budget. Expert Answer and Explanation Budgeting in Healthcare Like any other business, healthcare organizations need a budget. A hospital or healthcare budget is an estimation of expenses and revenue over a specific time. Healthcare organizations or hospitals can understand the level of funding needed in certain areas, including capital equipment and operation costs (Kuzmenko et al., 2021). Two main types of budgets can be developed in a healthcare organization or hospital. they include capital and operational budgets. The operational budget is used to plan for operational and personnel costs while the capital budget is used to plan for the purchase of hospital equipment (Waxman, 2012). The budgeting process is so essential to hospitals and healthcare organizations. Healthcare is changing rapidly and thus healthcare leaders must continuously adapt as new patient needs and technologies emerge (Kuzmenko et al., 2021). A strong budgeting process in healthcare allows hospital leaders to establish priorities around clinical departments and care and plan for the future. A healthcare budget helps in understanding the amount of money spent and how to allocate funds to various projects and departments within a healthcare facility (Waxman, 2012). Proper budgeting enables healthcare organizations to efficiently and effectively provide patient-centred care (Waxman, 2012). In this paper, budget projections actual through budget 2021 by Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital have been provided and each entry of the budget is defined and described. Components of a Budget A basic budget has four main components. The first component is estimated revenue. Estimated review is the money the business is expected to make in the coming financial year from its sales. Estimated revenue has two main components including the estimated cost of services rendered or goods sold and sales forecast (Shakeri et al., 2021). The second component of a budget is expenses. Expenses show how the organization is expected to use its funds in the next financial year. Expenses can be grouped into fixed, discretionary, and flexible expenses. When making a budget, the nurse leader should pinpoint exactly how the money will be used. Expenses are used to track the finances and ensure that the management was responsible for the allocated funds. Expenses also dictate the number of funds the management will request for a specific financial period. The third component is sources of funds. This section shows the sources of the hospital’s funds (Waxman, 2012). The fourth component of a budget is income. The income section shows the money the company is projected to make after the budget has been executed. This part is developed by subtracting expenses from projected revenues. Entries in the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital Budget The Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital budget is included in the appendix. The budget was developed based on the three basic components of a budget. The first part of the budget is estimated revenue. This part approximates what the hospital will get from its services (Waxman, 2012). In this part, the budget has described the estimated patient admissions, observational visits, patient days, average length of stay, FTE’s Hospital Only, and FTE’s Per Equiv. ADC. The budget shows that Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital received a total of $214,798,164 from patient charges (inpatient $66,618,962 and outpatient $ 148,179,202. The budget projected that the hospital will make $236,577,917 in 2020 and $271,801,053 in 2021. The variance between the budgeted patient charges in the 2021 financial year and the actual budget in the 2020 financial year is $35,223,136 meaning that the hospital estimates that patient charges will increase in the 2021 financial year. In the first part, the budget also shows the estimation of money that will be deducted from revenue. This part shows that adjustments are projected to impact the estimated revenue for the budgeted year. Elements listed in this section include bad debt adjustments, contractual adjustments, uninsured discounts, administration adjustments, charity adjustments, and other adjustments. The funds allocated in this section will cover any unforeseen changes. For instance, bad debt can occur if the patient fails to pay medical bills as agreed. Charity adjustments can be needed if the charity organization fails to fulfil its promises about contributing funds to the organization. The administration might also need to adjust by hiring more people or introducing training after the budget has been prepared and approved. Nashville General Hospital’s budget has considered these changes by including them in the adjustment section. The budget estimated that deduction from revenue in 2021 would be $223,937,407, $192,796,906 in 2020, and $ 173,045,736 in 2019. The variable between the deductions from revenue in the 2020 projected budget and the 2021 budget was $31,140,501 meaning that the deductions were expected to increase. The budget summarizes the estimated revenue after removing deductions from revenue that will be received by charging
[ANSWERED 2023] Describe the fundamental principles of servant leadership. Present two qualities of servant leadership and explain how they support interprofessional communication in providing patient care
Describe the fundamental principles of servant leadership. Present two qualities of Topic 3 DQ 1 Describe the fundamental principles of servant leadership. Present two qualities of servant leadership and explain how they support interprofessional communication in providing patient care. Topic 3 DQ 2 Describe the characteristics of performance-driven team. Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and explain why it is important in understanding the types of motivation when it comes to team performance. TOPIC 3 DQ 1 Expert Answer and Explanation: Servant Leadership Fundamental Principles of Servant Leadership Like the name suggests, servant leadership is leadership in which the managers or leaders focus on serving their subjects, unlike the traditional leadership models where leaders are expected to thrive over other workers in organizations (Spears & Lawrence, 2016). Among the fundamental principles of Servant leadership is listening, where leaders are tasked with appreciating the concept of two-way communication in their organizations (Smith, Minor, & Brashen, 2018). Servant leaders who want to be effective need to keenly listen to the concerns of staff members and act keenly on all the information they receive. Other fundamental principles of servant leaders include empathy, awareness, healing, stewardship and commitment to growth. Qualities of Servant Leadership and how they Support Interprofessional Communication in Care One of the crucial qualities of servant leadership is employee involvement. Unlike in many other leadership styles where the board of directors or the CEO has complete say on the direction of the organization, servant leadership advocates for the engagement of employees in making general decisions (Smith, Minor, & Brashen, 2018; Spears & Lawrence, 2016). Another pillar of servant leadership is effective communication with colleagues. A leader who does not communicate efficiently and claims to encourage the employees to take up leadership positions (and hence foster servant leadership) is possibly leading wrongly (Smith, Minor, & Brashen, 2018). Servant leaders need to constantly communicate with their team members to help them always appreciate the priviliges and duties they are given under the servant leadership model. Interprofessional care givers such as nurses and physician can also participate in the servant leadership model efficiently if there is proper communication. References Smith, G., Minor, M., & Brashen, H. (2018). Spiritual Leadership: A Guide to a Leadership Style That Embraces Multiple Perspectives. Journal of instructional research, 7, 80-89. Spears, L. C., & Lawrence, M. (Eds.). (2016). Practicing servant-leadership: Succeeding through trust, bravery, and forgiveness. John Wiley & Sons. Alternative Answer and Explanation Servant Leadership Servant can be termed as leading by example where the leader provided practical guidance to the team towards the achievement of a common goal. The fundamental principles of servant leadership are based on self-awareness within which the leader obtains their moral code. Self-awareness among servant leaders is a concept that ensures the leader understands their innate abilities in relation to leadership and governance (Gandolfi et al., 2017). Self-awareness enables leaders to understand their strengths and weaknesses and how to control these attributes while interacting with others. The concept also ensures the leader is informed of the different issues that might arise from the team based on the team member’s strengths. As a servant leader, there are different attributes that can be applied in the creation of a positive and better working environment. These strategies are essential in ensuring that all the key aspects of the facilities are met and that each team member is conversant with the processes assigned to them. The first quality of a servant leader is that they are empathetic in nature. The concept of empathy allows the servant leader to understand the different perspectives of the team members and assign work based on the strengths of each member (Newman et al., 2017). Additionally, a servant leaders can demonstrate the quality of stewardship depicted by their ability to lead others and act as a mentor. Based on these qualities, servant leaders are able to support interpersonal communication with other interdisciplinary professionals. These traits are important as they provide the basis for better performance (Linuesa-Langreo et al., 2018). A servant leader is able to offer coordination, better service delivery, and increased effectiveness of daily operations. These traits are essential in an organization that comprises multiple professionals working together to achieve a common good. References Gandolfi, F., Stone, S., & Deno, F. (2017). Servant Leadership: An Ancient Style with 21st Century Relevance. Review of International Comparative Management/Revista de Management Comparat International, 18(4). Linuesa-Langreo, J., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Elche-Hortelano, D. (2018). Integrating servant leadership into managerial strategy to build group social capital: The mediating role of group citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(4), 899-916. Newman, A., Schwarz, G., Cooper, B., & Sendjaya, S. (2017). How servant leadership influences organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of LMX, empowerment, and proactive personality. Journal of business ethics, 145(1), 49-62. Topic 3 DQ 2: Expert Answer and Explanation Performance Driven Teams and Motivation Characteristics of a Performance-Driven Team The biggest characteristic of a performance-driven team is a sense of purpose. Companies or groups with a common shared vision is one of the biggest reasons why their employees work collaboratively in achieving the goals. Team members need to have a sense of purpose for them to work efficiently in achieving their goals (Lin et al., 2020). Performance-driven teams also have effective working procedures in which they can gather and organize their information. Trusts and mutual respect is also a key quality of a performance driven team. Members need to show honesty to each other by giving feedback to improve the performance of each other. Intrinsic Vs. Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation happens when individuals do something because they find it interesting or because they love it. It is an internal form of motivation where people want to achieve various goals because of personal gratification (Putra, Cho, & Liu, 2017). On the other hand, extrinsic motivation happens when people want to do something because it has an external reward such as fame, money or praise. Extrinsic motivation also drives individuals to do things that protect them from external undesirable things. Why it is Important to Understand
[ANSWERED 2023] Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological and emotional needs
Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological and emotional needs. Provide an example. Discuss how functional patterns help a nurse understand the current and past state of health for a patient. Using a condition or disease associated with an elimination complexity, provide an example. EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION DQ1: Elimination Complexities Elimination complexities are health conditions that prevent a patient from excreting waste properly. Uremia is one of the elimination complexities. This disease can affect normal urine excretion. Elimination complexities can profoundly affect patients and their families socially, financially, and psychologically. Tan et al. (2017) argue that complications can affect the finances of the patients and their families in that the patient will use a lot of money to treat the conditions. Also, the diseases can prevent the patient from going to work, and this can affect him or her economically. In terms of psychology, the patient may have stress due to financial constraints. Also, the pain brought by the diseases can cause anxiety and depression. The family might suffer stress because their loved one is under distress. Socially, the conditions can prevent the patient from going to social events because of hygiene (Sherwood et al., 2017). They can fear that they will be isolated and laughed at because of their condition. Nurses play a vital role in supporting patients emotionally and psychologically. First, nurses can help patients psychologically by providing them with all the data needed for them to get better. For instance, they should give patients all the information about prescriptions. Also, nurses can emotionally and psychologically support patients by calling them often to ask them about their health and remaining them to regularly visit the hospital as advised by the doctor (Nakanishi et al., 2016). Nurses should give patients hope by telling them powerful words that can raise their spirits. Nurses can also help patients by assessing their psychological conditions and recommend a psychiatrist if they see fit. However, they can also provide counseling when they evaluate and see that the patient is not worse. References Nakanishi, H., Kurosaki, M., Hosokawa, T., Takahashi, Y., Itakura, J., Suzuki, S., … & Higuchi, M. (2016). Urinary excretion of the water channel aquaporin 2 correlated with the pharmacological effect of tolvaptan in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Journal of gastroenterology, 51(6), 620-627. Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Koch, G. G., Hoffman, B. M., Watkins, L. L., Smith, P. J., … & Chang, P. P. (2017). Effects of coping skills training on quality of life, disease biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. Circulation: Heart Failure, 10(1), e003410. Tan, R. B., Chakravarti, S., Busovsky-McNeal, M., Walsh, A., & Cecchin, F. (2017). Complexity of ranolazine and phenytoin use in an infant with long QT syndrome type 3. HeartRhythm case reports, 3(1), 104. DQ2: Functional Health Patterns A functional health pattern is a framework developed by Marjory Gordon to be applied by nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide conduct a comprehensive and better health assessment of the patient (Temel & Kutlu, 2019). In other words, the model can be used by nurses in assessing the patient during the diagnosis process. The pattern can be used to diagnose any elimination complexity in a patient. Through the design, the nurse will understand the general health of the patient. If the patient experience any abnormality in the past, he or she will reveal it during a health-perception-health-management pattern (Badawy et al., 2019). The nurse can also grasp the eating habits of the patient. The information can help the nurse determine if the individual’s eating pattern promoted to the excretory disorder. Elimination information is always asked in this pattern. The information about elimination can help the nurse rule about the possibility of any excretory condition. People with excretory diseases, such as kidney failure, cannot exercise for long compared to healthy individuals. During functional health patterns, nurses collect information about exercises that can further improve their diagnosis of any elimination complexity. Information about the reset and relaxation period can help understand whether the patient has an elimination problem or any other disease (Karaca, 2016). For instance, if the patient is urinating excessively during the night, he or she might be suffering from either heart-related conditions or elimination complexities. The nurse can also understand the social health of the patient by collecting information about his or her social life and relationships. In conclusion, the functional pattern can give nurses a lot of information about the patient’s past and current medical history. References Badawy, P. J., Schafer, M. H., & Sun, H. (2019). Relocation and network turnover in later life: How distance moved and functional health are linked to a changing social convoy. Research on aging, 41(1), 54-84. Karaca, T. (2016). Functional Health Patterns Model–A Case Study. Case Studies Journal ISSN (2305-509X) Volume, 5. Temel, M., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2019). Functional Health Pattern Model Based Care Plan for a Depression Diagnosed Patient. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 27(1), 91-103. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order What are Elimination Complexities? Understanding the Key Concepts Introduction When it comes to understanding complex topics within various fields, the realm of computer science presents us with the concept of elimination complexities. This intriguing subject, while often misunderstood, plays a crucial role in the optimization of algorithms and problem-solving. In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of elimination complexities, breaking down the core ideas and exploring their significance. The Fundamentals of Complexity Analysis Before diving into elimination complexities, it’s important to grasp the basics of complexity analysis. This involves evaluating the efficiency and performance of algorithms as they deal with increasing amounts of data. Complexity is typically classified into time complexity and space
[SOLVED 2023] In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s privacy
In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s Unit III Case Study Right to Privacy Case Study Certain freedoms such as civil liberties and civil rights are concepts highly revered by Americans; however, there are times when these two concepts conflict in the name of safety and national security. The Digital Age is having a profound effect on the privacy of individuals in both their daily and private lives. With technology like cameras and smartphones, the activities of people are being recorded more, whether it is running a red light, entering a building, playing in a park, or using an ATM machine. In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s privacy. Read the following article from the New York Times concerning Carpenter v. United States, a case recently decided by the Supreme Court. Liptak, A. (2018, June 23). Warrant required for cellphone tracking data. New York Times, p. A1(L). Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/apps/doc/A543973598/ STND?u=oran95108&sid=STND&xid=753160e8 For more background on the case, here is a link to the actual opinion written for this case: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf Please answer the following questions concerning this case. Address the questions in a cohesive essay. It should be at least two pages in length and should be double-spaced, and typed in 12-point Times New Roman font. Please be sure to provide an introduction to your essay, Which part of the Constitution addresses individual privacy rights? Do you believe that, with today’s technology, the Constitution still adequately protects those rights? Why, or why not? Describe the issue that was debated in this case. How was the need for public safety and security balanced with individual civil liberties and civil rights impacted by the final ruling in this case? Do you agree with the majority opinion or the dissenting opinion in this case? Explain your response. Where do you personally draw the line in this privacy issue? Explain how historical thought and tradition affect civil liberties and rights as they pertain to the issue presented in this case. Describe how politics can intersect with civil rights. What consequences do you support for those who violate constitutional rights? What, if any, compensation do you recommend for individuals whose rights have been violated by others? You must use at least two sources, in addition to the article given, to support your response. Make sure that all sources are cited and referenced using APA style. Expert Answer and Explanation Unit III Case Study Among the most discussed civil liberty in the US is the right to privacy. This is especially in the light of technology advancement, where in the recent past, there has been numerous technological advancements that infringe the rights of privacy by accessing personal data of individuals, especially through different telecommunication providers. The digital age has affected the private lives of Americans as they can be recorded when entering a building, passing a red light in traffic, playing in parks or even using ATM machines (Citron, 2018). This assignment involves an analysis of the Carpenter v. United States case, where privacy and phone location data as well as other elements are highlighted. Part of Constitution that Addresses Individual Privacy Rights and the Capacity of the Constitution to Protect those Rights The fourth amendment is the part of the constitution that protects individual privacy rights in an extensive way. Under this section of the constitution, which was added in December 1791, people are protected from searches that are unlawful or even seizures by authorities (Henderson, 2017). The police need to have a warrant to access your house and conduct extensive search. Issue debated in the Case In the Carpenter v. United States case, the issue debated about was the question as to whether or not the police, or other authorities, have the right to have unrestricted access to customer data through the telecommunications service providers (Chaudhari & Prasad, 2019). It was an issue that was raised in response to the anti-terrorism procedures set by the police of accessing different gadgets held by citizens to prevent unsafe digital activities. My Agreement in the Majority Opinion in the Case The majority opinion in the case held that there should be a warrant for the police to access the site location or other information of a citizen from a cell phone company. This majority opinion was held by Chief Justice Roberts, and was joined by justices Sotomayor, Kagan, Ginsburg, and Breyer (Chaudhari & Prasad, 2019). I agree with this opinion as it is among one of the only few ways that customers of telecom companies can feel safe using the devices to communicate amongst themselves. How Historical Tradition affects the thoughts as Pertaining to this Case One of the historical traditions that affected the thoughts pertaining to the case is that the police are meant to provide security for citizens, and that citizens should be willing to cooperate in all ways they are asked to. This traditional opinion dismisses the fact that some of these members of the police taskforce may be ‘dirty,’ and hence infringing the privacy of citizens would have the wrong beneficiaries. Intersection of Politics with Civil Rights Politics affect civil rights in a large way. In the Carpenter v. United States case, four justices including Justice Alito, Justice Gorsuch, Justice Kennedy, and Justice Thomas, has dissenting opinions, and several analysts argued that their indifference to the issue of privacy was on a political basis. Consequences for those Who Violate Constitutional Rights Violation of constitutional rights is a serious criminal offense, and I support the legal punishment of culprits of the same. However, there should be adequate warnings before serious actions are taken on the affected individuals. Compensation I Recommend for Individuals whose Rights are Violated by others A public pardon is best when a crime committed exposes a citizen to public shame. In other violations, I believe financial compensation to the individuals whose rights are violated should be done. I also believe that the culprits should compensate all other damages associated with the violations. References Chaudhari, N., & Prasad, S. K. (2019). Carpenter v. United States: State Surveillance and Citizen Privacy. NALSAR Stud. L. Rev., 13, 129. Citron, D. K. (2018).
[ANSWERED 2023] Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission, social change message, social determinants of health, and university outcomes
Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission For this Assignment, review the AACN DNP Essentials document and reflect on the competencies presented. Reflect on your personal and academic goals and consider how those goals align with both Walden University’s mission and vision and with the AACN DNP Essentials. Reflect on the social determinants of health framework and consider how your academic and professional goals might align with addressing these elements as a DNP-prepared nurse. To prepare: Review The Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice (AACN, 2006) in this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the competencies presented. Review Walden University’s mission, vision, and university outcomes. Reflect on your professional and academic goals. Consider how Walden’s mission and vision as well as the AACN’s perspective may fit with your goals. How might you incorporate a commitment to social change into your academic and professional plans? How might your academic and professional goals align with addressing the social determinants of health? The Assignment: (2–3 pages) Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission, social change message, social determinants of health, and university outcomes as well as the AACN DNP Essentials. Be specific. Explain how you plan to incorporate social change throughout your program of study and in professional practice. Be sure to include how social change may contribute to your practicum/field experience and your role in professional practice. Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting. Expert Answer and Explanation AACN Competencies and the Walden Mission, Vision, and Outcomes Every nurse practitioner must have a goal or goals that guide their practice. Nurses should consider the culture and beliefs of all patients while working with them and helping them achieve their mental health outcomes (Cain et al., 2018). They should also work with their fellow healthcare professionals and stakeholders to provide affordable care to underserved communities (Cain et al., 2018). My goals are well aligned with Walden’s mission, social change message, vision, social determinants of health, university outcomes, and American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) DNP Essentials. The purpose of this assignment is to explain how my goals align with Walden’s mission, social change message, vision, social determinants of health, university outcomes, as well as AACN DNP Essentials and how I plan to incorporate social change throughout my program of study and professional practice. Goals Aligning with Walden’s Vision and Mission, and AACN DNP Essentials Like any other organization, Walden University has a mission and vision that guides its practices. The mission of the university is to provide a diverse community of career professionals (Walden University, 2021). My first goal as a psychiatric nurse practitioner is to provide safe, quality, patient-centered and competent care to all patients, their families, and the community at large regardless of their background and culture. My goal aligns with the university’s mission in that I aim to provide quality care to all patients without any form of discrimination. I will achieve my professional goal by improving my knowledge of culturally-based care. I believe that I am one of the kinds of career professionals the university seeks to release in the job market. The vision of the university is to provide graduates who can solve societal challenges and thus advance the greater global good. My second goal is to be part of programs that aim to solve societal problems. Being part of problem-solving programs, will fulfil my second goal and also meet the vision of the university. Walden University defines social change as a deliberate process of developing and applying strategies, ideas, and actions to promote and develop cultures and communities (Walden University, 2021). My third goal is to become an advocate for patients and nurses. I would be able to promote social change by advocating for the needs of patients and my fellow nurses, a practice that aligns with the university’s social change message. My goals also align with AACN DNP Essentials. One of the essentials my goals align with is health care policy for advocacy in health care (AACN, 2006). I would be able to advocate for patients’ and nurses’ rights by creating health policies and presenting them to necessary people for approval and implementation. My academic goal is to be competent in the creation and advocacy of healthcare policies. Incorporating Social Change I plan to incorporate social change throughout my program of study by performing a quality improvement project aimed at improving the mental health of the less privileged in society. I will conduct a quality improvement study about the impact of physical exercise on sleep quality in African American people with depression. I will incorporate social change at the professional level by volunteering in mental health promotion programs. Social change will contribute to my field experience by improving my knowledge of advocacy and the development of promotional programs. Social change will also improve my collaborative skills because it will collaborate with various people to promote better mental health in the community. Conclusion My goals align with Walden’s mission, vision, and social change message. As a professional, I will work with other healthcare professionals to promote the better mental health status of my patients, families, and communities. I will also develop health policies that seek to make mental health care affordable to less privileged and provide other health professionals with the requisite tools to provide proper mental health care. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2006). The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/DNPEssentials.pdf Cain, C. L., Surbone, A., Elk, R., & Kagawa-Singer, M. (2018). Culture and palliative care: preferences, communication, meaning, and mutual decision making. Journal of Pain And Symptom Management, 55(5), 1408-1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.01.007 Walden University. (2021). Student publications: Vision, mission, and goals. https://catalog.waldenu.edu/ Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality
[ANSWERED 2023] Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of the
Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of Module 6 Assignment Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of the study, focusing primarily on the intervention. Was the development and implementation of the intervention described in detail? Based on a theoretical framework? Did the design of the study promote investigation of the effects of the study—for example, was there comparison of experimental and control groups? Were there variables that could have impacted the findings that were not part of the intervention? Was there evidence of efforts to monitor the safety of participants? Are there any ways that the study could have been improved? Locate a nursing study that utilizes some aspect of the internet (for instance, for recruitment, delivery of an intervention, or completing online assessments. What challenges did the researchers face, and how were these challenges overcome (or not)? How could future research efforts be improved? Using your computer’s office tools, develop a pie, bar, or plot chart to represent the following population estimates: Population Percentage European American 20 African American 30 Native American 20 Hispanic American 30 The assignment should be between 1500 and 2000 words in length and contain at least two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook and provided material. Please submit your assignment in one APA formatted document. Expert Answer and Explanation Summary of Articles In nursing, an intervention is actual action and treatment that are conducted with the aim of helping patients with various diseases to reach the objectives set for them by their clinicians (Tappen, 2016). Nurses are needed to use their critical thinking, knowledge, and experience to decide the best interventions they can recommend to their patients (Sanson et al., 2019). The nursing practice has divided interventions into different classes. The first class of interventions is the ones that aim at promoting safety and healthy lifestyles. These kinds of interventions are not treatments. However, they help patients attain quality health. Another group of interventions is the ones that educate patients about certain issues. Tuominen et al. (2019) mention that other classes of interventions strive to promote physical health, community health, and complex psychological needs. In other words, Stolt and Suhonen (2019) argue that nursing professionals have divided interventions into three and they include dependent, independent, and interdependent interventions. In this assignment, two studies have been reviewed. Part A Summary of the Article Showing Effects of an Intervention A Summary of the Study The article that has been focused on in this part of the assignment is A mixed-method study of an education intervention to reduce the use of restraint and implement person-centered dementia care in nursing homes by Jacobsen et al. (2017). The main objective of this study “was to investigate which factors hindered or facilitated staff awareness related to confidence-building initiatives based on person-centered care, as an alternative to restraint in residents with dementia in nursing homes” Jacobsen et al. (2017). The education intervention that consisted of monthly coaching sessions and two-day seminar targeted employees in 24 nursing facilities found in Western Norway. The researchers used a mixed-method design that combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. QPS-Nordic (The General Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work) and The P-CAT (Person-centered Care Assessment Tool) tools were used by the researchers to measure employees’ impacts in terms of the perception of leadership and person-centered care. The study concluded that staff culture together with leadership was the most significant factor promoting or hindering workers’ awareness in terms of confidence development actions, and on the care that is person-centered. Description of the Intervention’s Development and Implementation The researchers described how the intervention was developed and implemented clearly. The intervention was carried out among employees in 24 nursing facilities found within the Western Norway Regional Health Authority. The researchers selected six nursing organizations from the four Health Trusts found in the country. The researchers then grouped the participants into two groups namely control (12) and an intervention (12) groups. The researchers invited all the registered nurses to take part in the study. The researchers used a mixed-method design to develop the intervention. Implementation of the MEDCED education intervention was done by two teams. Each team had four registered nurses who were not part of the study. The nurses had experience in working with patients from nursing homes, and this facilitated the intervention in the 24 nursing organizations. The intervention was implemented over a period of one year six months from 2012 September to 2013 May. The research team educated the facilitator for seven days and taken them through various workshops before including them in the study. In other words, the researchers have clearly described how they developed and implemented the intervention in a section known as “The overall study: The MEDCED intervention study.” Theoretical Framework The researchers based their intervention on a theoretical framework known as Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS). PARIHS is a theoretical framework that can be used to highlight leadership, contextual elements of culture, and evaluation when implementing a given intervention in nursing (D’Onofrio et al., 2019). In other words, the framework was used to highlight various contextual factors that can be considered when implementing the educational intervention. Staff related issues are among the factors looked at using the theory. Person-centeredness was defined as a nursing practice approach that is established through the creation and fostering of healthy connections between older patients, all caregivers, and any other person significant to the patients’ lives. The approach is underpinned by the ethical values of respect for the individual, their right to self-confidence, and understanding. The assumption of this framework is that increased person-centered awareness and knowledge make it easy for workers to discover substitutes for using restraint in caring for dementia patients. The theory has been used to explain the failure or success of the intervention. According to the framework, understanding how and why contextual issues impact learning should be linked
[ANSWERED 2023] Assignment Focused SOAP Note for Schizophrenia Spectrum, Other Psychotic, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
Assignment Focused SOAP Note for Schizophrenia Spectrum, Other Psychotic, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders Case Study: Sherman Tremaine Psychotic disorders change one’s sense of reality and cause abnormal thinking and perception. Patients presenting with psychotic disorders may suffer from delusions or hallucinations or may display negative symptoms such as lack of emotion or withdraw from social situations or relationships. Symptoms of medication-induced movement disorders can be mild or lethal and can include, for example, tremors, dystonic reactions, or serotonin syndrome. For this Assignment, you will complete a focused SOAP note for a patient in a case study who has either a schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic, or medication-induced movement disorder. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing, diagnosing, and treating schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic, and medication-induced movement disorders. Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations. Review the video, Case Study: Sherman Tremaine. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. The Assignment Develop a focused SOAP note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, and list them in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you were able to follow up with this patient. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). By Day 7 of Week 5 Submit your Focused SOAP Note. Submission and Grading Information To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. Click the Week 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. Click the Week 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Expert Answer and Explanation Subjective: CC (chief complaint): “I do not bother anyone and people outside my window do not leave alone.” HPI: Sherman Tremaine is a 53-years-old African American male who was asked to come for mental health assessment by his sister. The patient complains that he does not bother anybody but people outside his window to not leave him alone. he says that the people outside his window watch him. He says that he can hear these people and see their shadow. He also says that these people were sent to watch him by the government. He also complains of sleeping problems and people follow him everywhere. Substance Current Use: He smokes cigarette (12 packets of cigarettes weekly) and a bit of marijuana. Medical History: Current Medications: Used Haldol, Thorazine, and Seroquel. Takes metformin currently for diabetes. Allergies: No allergies. Reproductive Hx: No problems with reproductive system. ROS: GENERAL: No fever, weakness, fatigue, chills, or weight loss/gain. HEENT: Eyes: No visual problem. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing pain, loss, sneezing, runny nose, congestion, or sore throat. SKIN: No itching or rash. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, edema, no chest pressure palpitations, or chest discomfort. RESPIRATORY: No cough or shortness of breath. GASTROINTESTINAL: No abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. GENITOURINARY: No urination problems. NEUROLOGICAL: No headaches or any other neurological problems. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint pain or muscle pain. HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia. LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No sweating, heat, or cold problems. Objective: Vital signs: T 35.7, Ht. 5’9, Wt. 159lbs, HR 80, RR 20, BP 130/95 Chest/Lungs: Regular heart rhythm and rate. No murmurs. Heart/Peripheral Vascular: No wheezes. Lungs clear. Diagnostic results: CT-Scan-pending. The test will be used to rule out any physical symptoms that might cause hallucinations and delusions. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Baandrup et al. (2022) noted that PANSS is a valid, scalable, and reliable tool for screening for people with schizophrenia. The authors found that the tool is 98% effective. The patient scored 19.9 on positive scale and 22.3 on negative scale meaning that he has schizophrenia (Baandrup et al., 2022). Assessment:
[ANSWERED 2023] In this assignment you will write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies
In this assignment you will write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies. Use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment (or two new articles based on instructor feedback in Topic 1) to complete this assignment. In a 1,000–1,250-word essay, summarize two quantitative studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay. You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II Quantitative Studies Introduction Introduce your nursing practice problem and discuss the purpose of your paper. State your PICOT question. Background of Studies Summary of studies including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question. How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose? Discuss how these two articles will be used to answer your PICOT question. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question. Method of Studies State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and describe how they are different. State one benefit and one limitation of each method you have identified. Results of Studies Expert Answer and Explanation Research Critique Guidelines – Part II Quantitative Studies Introduction The project focuses on the issue of obesity and the nursing practice problem for this project since it affects a wide range of the adult population. Healthcare provides services to different patients, and each present with a different issue altogether. Obesity is a key issue in healthcare since it provides different issues to the care provider and undermines the efficiency of care. Obesity increases susceptibility to diseases and reduces the quality of life. Just like aging, and economic standpoints, obesity can be a risk factor for diseases and other forms of health factors. The susceptibility to disease from obesity increases with increase in age. Obesity and overweight are among the leading causes of many health problems, such as the occurrence of stroke and other forms of the disease. There are numerous complications that come with obesity, the most common including the buildup of fat in blood vessels, stroke, and heart attacks. Obesity interferes with the quality of life in different ways. To begin with, obesity makes it difficult for a person to lead a normal life. For instance, a person might encounter challenges with walking or climbing a flight of stairs. The inability to perform basic functions is a major concern for the health of a person. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two quantitative research on that focus on the issues of obesity among elderly patients. PICOT Question: In non-Hispanic black adults aged 40-55 with BMI of 30 and above (P), does physical activity five days a week (I) compared to no practice (C) reduces BMI scale (O) in eight weeks (T)? Background of Studies The first quantitative study identified to address the issue of obesity among adults is the study by Dieli-Conwright et al. (2018). The article focuses on how care for breast cancer survivors can use aerobic and resistance exercise to improve physical fitness, bone health, and quality of life. The article contends that physical activity is the main treatment option for obese and overweight individuals that are looking to shed weight. The article makes use of a randomized controlled trial to help improve the outcome of care for obese and overweight patients. The identified problem in the article is the issue of obesity and overweight among cancer patients. The article is significant to the nursing profession as it offers evidence-based recommendations on proper physical activity for obese or overweight cancer survivors. The overall purpose of this trial was to compare a 16-week supervised moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic and resistance exercise intervention to usual care in physically inactive, overweight, and obese breast cancer survivors. The objective was to analyze the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises as forms of physical exercise to combat obesity. The research question used in the article is, “What is the impact of moderate-vigorous intensity and resistance exercise intervention aerobic in physically inactive, overweight, and obese breast cancer survivors?” The second article that focuses on the PICOT question is by Abdelbasset et al. (2019). The study provides insights on how an 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients. The identified problem focuses on how obesity is a major issue in society and can be mitigated through the use of physical activity. The article is significant to nursing as it creates a mean sin that nurses can use to help obese patients to overcome their weight issues. The purpose and objective of the study are to help create an effective strategy that can be sued to help treat obese patients using physical activity as the basis of care. The research question from the article is, “What are the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG), visceral lipids, and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD?” How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose? The two articles provide answers to the PICOT question as they both focus on the efficiency of physical activity as a means to mitigate obesity. The articles identify how different forms of physical activity can be used to mitigate obesity and lead to the desired outcome. The PICOT question is based on the intervention that the use
[ANSWERED 2023] Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments
Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology? Psychotherapy is used with individuals as well as in groups or families. The idea of discussing confidential information with a patient in front of an audience is probably quite foreign to you. However, in group and family therapy, this is precisely what the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner does. In your role, learning how to provide this type of therapy within the limits of confidentiality is essential. Photo Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto For this Discussion, you will consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis and analyze the ways in which legal and ethical considerations differ in the individual, family, and group therapy settings. To prepare: Review this week’s Learning Resources, reflecting on foundational concepts of psychotherapy, biological and social impacts on psychotherapy, and legal and ethical issues across the modalities (individual, family, and group). Search the Walden Library databases for scholarly, peer-reviewed articles that inform and support your academic perspective on these topics. By Day 3 Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments. Describe how legal and ethical considerations for group and family therapy differ from those for individual therapy, and explain how these differences might impact your therapeutic approaches for clients in group, individual, and family therapy. Support your rationale with at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources and explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. Expert Answer and Explanation Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Biological Basis in Psychotherapy Psychotherapy has a biological basis as it majors on the brain functionalities and how it gradually develops, matures, and its daily operations. The principle of psychotherapy is guided by principles of evolutionary adaptation, and it specifically aims at repairing the brain’s damages just the same way they were created (Perugula et al., 2017). Additionally, psychotherapy also has a possibility of having a positive impact on one’s mental health, such as treatment of anxiety disorders or post-traumatic stress disorder. The element that enables psychotherapy to create an impact on one’s mental health is its ability to disengage and correct the brain’s adaptation by replacing them with new or positive choices. Culture, Religion, and Socioeconomics in relation to Psychotherapy Despite being proven to be an effective treatment for mental health, the client’s perspective on seeking a psychotherapy approach has been affected by culture, religion, and socioeconomic factors. Culture has influenced people’s perception about psychotherapy treatments in that if a client comes from a culture where they cannot freely discuss their emotions or past traumas, this means that they will not fully comply with the psychological treatment as it differs from what they are used to (Ghista & Sharma, 2021). It is important that the clinicians or medical practitioners understand and beware of the different cultural beliefs when providing psychological treatments. Once the medical providers understand the patient’s beliefs, they can convince them on why undergoing the treatment will benefit their mental health. Religion and spirituality also impacts depicts how a patient responds or perceives psychological treatment. If a client comes from a strong religious background, they may specifically insist on only associating with a psychologist from the same religion as them. Additionally, patients may find it challenging to speak about their negative traumas with someone who doesn’t understand where they come from religiously, causing them to rely on prayers and divine healing to cure them (Ghista & Sharma, 2021). Communication may be affected if the clinician is not able to understand the role of religion in their patient’s psychological beliefs. Socioeconomic factors also impact psychotherapy research indicated that people from financially unstable families have a low possibility of accessing psychological treatment (Ghista & Sharma, 2021). Poverty results in individuals preferring not to seek mental care treatments as they can allocate the funds to other aspects of their lives. Legal and Ethical for Group and Individual Therapy There are specific guidelines that must be followed by caregivers while providing psychological treatments to patients in either group or individual settings to avoid legal or ethical implications (Stoll et al., 2020). Confidentiality or privacy of information is an important aspect of the psychotherapy process and is most crucial for individual therapy sessions since it involves only two people. However, this might not be the case for group or family therapy settings as the information is shared openly among the existing members. Another legal or ethical aspect that applies to group and individual therapy is the need for informed consent allowing the patients to seek information regarding the services they need to enable them to decide if they intend to participate (Stoll et al., 2020). For individual therapy sessions, the client is in the position to provide the informed consent themselves. However, in a family or group setting involving minors, guardians should be informed so as to provide consent and ensure that they will adhere to confidentiality. The therapist should be cognizant of how they approach either the group or individual therapy settings as it facilitates them on how to address matters such as confidentiality and providing informed consent (Stoll et al., 2020). Psychological therapists should be aware of the current dynamic settings and ensure that they are not affected when providing services to individual or group therapy sessions. References Ghista, D., & Sharma, R. (2021). The 4th Industrial Revolution and The Role of Post-Industrial Universities. DOI: 10.33774/coe-2021-bmh5t Perugula, M. L., Narang, P. D., & Lippmann, S. B. (2017). The biological basis to personality disorders. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 19(2), 0-0. Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020).