Solved! The purpose of this assignment is to refine the PICOT question you developed in the discussion forum this week and begin evaluating literature that you will use in subsequent weeks to write your research paper
The purpose of this assignment is to refine the PICOT question you developed in the discussion forum this week and begin evaluating literature that you will use in subsequent weeks to write your research paper The purpose of this assignment is to refine the PICOT question you developed in the discussion forum this week and begin evaluating literature that you will use in subsequent weeks to write your research paper. Use the “Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment. Prior to starting the “Literature Evaluation Table,” complete the following: Review the feedback you have received in the discussion forum related to your PICOT question so far. Make any necessary edits to your PICOT question. Conduct a literature search to locate four research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. Note: This literature search should include two quantitative and two qualitative, peer-reviewed, primary research articles to support your nursing practice problem. A mixed methods article can qualify towards meeting a qualitative or quantitative methodology. The two articles identified in Topic 1 DQ 2 can be used should you still find them relevant to your PICOT question. Articles must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. The PICOT question and four peer-reviewed research articles you chose will be utilized for subsequent assignments. Note: For best search results, do not include the words qualitative and quantitative in your search terms. Do include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Sample Expert Answer NRS-445 Topic 1: Literature Evaluation Table Student Name: Faculty Name: Background of Nursing Practice Problem: Asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions in children and is a leading cause of hospital admissions and readmissions. Effective management at home relies heavily on caregivers, who are responsible for recognizing symptoms, administering medications, and avoiding environmental triggers. However, caregivers often face significant challenges in managing pediatric asthma, including limited knowledge of treatment plans, uncertainty in identifying early warning signs, and difficulties maintaining adherence, all of which contribute to higher readmission rates (Jones et al., 2022). Traditional discharge instructions are usually brief and may not provide caregivers with the skills or confidence needed to manage asthma effectively after the child leaves the hospital. Nurse-led self-management education programs address this gap by providing structured, tailored instruction to caregivers, ensuring they understand medication use, inhaler techniques, and strategies for monitoring symptoms. Evidence shows that such interventions, including web-based education, improve caregiver confidence, knowledge, and engagement, leading to better home management and reduced hospital utilization (Ng et al., & Cheng, 2021). By equipping caregivers with practical tools and ongoing support, nurse-led education has the potential to significantly reduce 30-day readmission rates and improve outcomes for children with asthma. PICO(T) Question: In caregivers of children with asthma (P), how does a nurse-led self-management education program (I) compared to usual discharge instructions (C) affect 30-day hospital readmission rates (O) within one-month post-discharge (T)? PICO(T) Question Template P Population Caregivers of children with asthma I Intervention A nurse-led self-management education program C Comparison Usual discharge instructions O Outcome 30-day hospital readmission rates T Timeline (optional) Within one-month post-discharge Intervention The intervention is a nurse-led asthma self-management education program delivered to caregivers before hospital discharge. It includes hands-on training in correct inhaler and spacer use, recognition of early asthma symptoms, personalized action plans, trigger avoidance strategies, and follow-up support through phone calls or digital platforms to reinforce learning and ensure adherence. Problem Statement It is not known if the implementation of a nurse-led self-management education program (I) would impact 30-day hospital readmission rates (O) among caregivers of children with asthma (P) within one month post-discharge (T). Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 APA Reference (include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the article) Kassa, E., Kebede, R. A., & Habte, B. M. (2022). Perceptions towards childhood asthma and barriers to its management among patients, caregivers and healthcare providers: a qualitative study from Ethiopia. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-01984-2 Ng, J. S. K., Chau, J. P. C., Chan, A. W. K., Lui, J. K. C., & Cheng, J. W. C. H. (2021). A nurse-led web-based home asthma education program for children and their families: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 59(1), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.014 Radhakrishnan, D., Higginson, A., Thipse, M., Tessier, M., & Radhakrishnan, A. (2022). Optimizing pediatric asthma education using virtual platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 18(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-022-00713-y Thach, C., Lafont, C., Epaud, R., Tahiri, K., Sauvage, F., Sagorin, V., Sérabian, V., & Delestrain, C. (2024). Effectiveness of pediatric asthma education program in the context of a general hospital in France: A retrospective real-life study. Heliyon, 10(15), e35356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35356 Purpose/Aim of Study “The aim of the present study was therefore to explore the perceptions of the children with asthma, their caregivers and their healthcare providers towards asthma and barriers to long term childhood asthma management in an institutional setting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.” “This study aims to review existing evidence to allow for the development of a Web-based Home Asthma
Solved! Using a quantitative research article from one of the previous topics, analyze the p-value. What is it? Is it statistically significant? If your p-value is not statistically significant, what is the clinical significance?
Using a quantitative research article from one of the previous topics, analyze the p-value. What is it? Is it statistically significant? If your p-value is not statistically significant, what is the clinical significance? Statistical significance refers to the likelihood that the results of a study are not due to chance, while clinical significance refers to the practical importance of the results in terms of their impact on patient care. In other words, statistical significance is a measure of the strength of the evidence, while clinical significance is a measure of the relevance of the evidence to real-world situations. Using a quantitative research article from one of the previous topics, analyze the p-value. What is it? Is it statistically significant? If your p-value is not statistically significant, what is the clinical significance? Generalizability of research depends on a variety of factors. List three factors of generalizability, and discuss whether this research article is generalizable to the nursing problem you are researching. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer As a researcher, it is crucial to understand the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance. Both of these measures have their own applications when interpreting the findings from a study. In the study by Wong and Choi (2023), the researchers wanted to find out whether immersive VR intervention significantly reduced pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture. Usually, a p-value less than 0.05 would suggest a statistically significant difference, making the researchers reject the null hypothesis, while one that is higher would imply no significant difference in the variable interaction, making the researchers accept the null hypothesis (Holmberg, 2024). In this study, the p-value for all the measures reported was below .04 against the stated o.05, which shows that there was a statistically significant reduction in both pain and anxiety among pediatric patients who received the immersive VR intervention compared to those who received standard care. The consistently low p-values provide strong evidence that the VR intervention was effective in reducing these outcomes (Wong & Choi, 2023). The study can be considered as clinically significant given the findings that show the efficacy of the proposed intervention in reducing pain among pediatric patients. Its applications are transformative in clinical practice, given their implication on pain reduction, comfort, and overall quality of care among pediatric patients. There are several factors that determine research generalizability, one of the most critical being the sample size. A larger, more diverse sample enhances generalizability, as it represents a wider range of characteristics found in the target population (Kamper, 2020). Another factor is the sample selection methodology, where the more random a sample is, the more generalizable the research findings are as it reduces selection bias and ensures the sample is representative of the larger population. The third factor is external validity of the research; in this case, when the study’s conditions reflect real-world scenarios, they tend to generally have better external validity, thus resulting in more generalizable findings. In the study by Wong and Choi (2023), one of the aspects that could make the research generalizable is the fact that it was a randomized controlled trial, with the randomization reducing the aspect of bias in selecting the sample. The sample size was also ideal, and given that my study is focused on pediatric patients, the sample appears to be adequate. However, the fact that it was conducted in a more controlled environment may limit its external validity, thus affecting its generalizability. References Holmberg, C. (2024). Toward a better understanding of statistical significance and p values in nursing. Nursing Forum, 2024(1), 7263781. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7263781 Kamper S. J. (2020). Generalizability: Linking Evidence to Practice. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 50(1), 45–46. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2020.0701 Wong, C. L., & Choi, K. C. (2023). Effects of an immersive virtual reality intervention on pain and anxiety among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e230001. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0001 Sample Peer Response Hello Linda, In nursing research, distinguishing between statistical significance and clinical significance is essential for understanding the practical implications of study findings. Statistical significance, determined by the p-value, confirms whether a result is likely due to chance, but clinical significance assesses the real-world impact of the intervention on patient outcomes (AbdulRaheem, 2024). The study you selected, from the p-values you shared, demonstrated both statistical significance and clinical significance by showing a 23% reduction in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), leading to improved patient safety and reduced healthcare costs. Therefore, both statistical and clinical significance are useful in different regards when it comes to interpreting research results. The generalizability of this intervention is strong, as it was conducted in a large, diverse hospital setting and can be applied to other similar healthcare environments. Reference AbdulRaheem, Y. (2024). Statistical significance versus clinical relevance: Key considerations in interpretation medical research data. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 49(6), 791. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_601_2
Solved! Select a research article that uses a randomized controlled trial focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice
Select a research article that uses a randomized controlled trial focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions: Select a research article that uses a randomized controlled trial focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions: Provide an APA reference of the article including a GCU permalink or working link used to access the article. Using the “CASP Randomized Controlled Trial Checklist,” found in topic Resources, evaluate the study. Based on your findings, summarize the critical appraisal of the selected research article. Do the benefits of the experimental intervention outweigh the harms and costs? Identify and discuss one other ethical consideration applicable to quantitative research studies such as this one. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer APA Reference: Wong, C. L., & Choi, K. C. (2023). Effects of an immersive virtual reality intervention on pain and anxiety among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e230001. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0001 Using the CASP criteria for evaluating randomized controlled trials, the study by Wong and Choi (2023) clearly addresses a well-formulated research question, evaluating the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) on pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture. The participants were randomly assigned to either the VR intervention or control group, and an intention-to-treat analysis was used to account for all participants. The study groups were similar at baseline, and aside from the VR intervention, both groups received equivalent care. While it’s not explicitly stated whether participants or investigators were blinded, the assessors were blinded to the outcomes, reducing potential bias. These approaches, specifically randomization and blinding of the research participants, helped to enhance the validity of the study (Monaghan et al., 2021). The results were comprehensively reported, showing significant benefits in reducing pain and anxiety, with precise estimates provided through confidence intervals. The benefits of the immersive virtual reality intervention in this study were substantial, as it effectively reduced both pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture, providing a non-pharmacological approach to managing these common challenges in pediatric care. The minimal harms of the intervention, such as the potential for mild discomfort from wearing VR headsets, were negligible compared to its significant positive impact on the patients’ emotional and physical well-being. Additionally, the cost of implementing VR technology in a clinical setting is relatively low, especially considering the potential long-term benefits, such as improved patient experience and reduced reliance on pharmacological interventions. Overall, the intervention provides a cost-effective alternative with promising outcomes that justify its use in clinical practice. An important ethical consideration in this study is the potential for coercion in obtaining informed consent (Xu et al., 2020). Given the vulnerable pediatric population, it’s crucial that consent is obtained from parents or guardians and assent from the children, ensuring they understand the study’s purpose and procedures. The study should also address how it ensured participants’ autonomy and voluntary participation, minimizing any undue influence or pressure. References Monaghan, T. F., Agudelo, C. W., Rahman, S. N., Wein, A. J., Lazar, J. M., Everaert, K., & Dmochowski, R. R. (2021). Blinding in clinical trials: Seeing the big picture. Medicina, 57(7), 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57070647 Wong, C. L., & Choi, K. C. (2023). Effects of an immersive virtual reality intervention on pain and anxiety among pediatric patients undergoing venipuncture: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e230001. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0001 Xu, A., Baysari, M. T., Stocker, S. L., Leow, L. J., Day, R. O., & Carland, J. E. (2020). Researchers’ views on, and experiences with, the requirement to obtain informed consent in research involving human participants: A qualitative study. BMC Medical Ethics, 21(1), 93. Sample Peer Response Hello Darren, Your discussion highlights important insights into the study on evidence-based practice (EBP) training for nurses providing care to ventilated patients. Some of the benefits you have mentioned include improved nurse competency through EBP training. However, it is also important to assess potential harms, such as any unintended stress or pressure on the nurses from additional training requirements. The study did not report harm, but future research should continue to monitor this, especially as it scales. Ethically, informed consent is crucial. Participants must be fully aware of the potential risks, benefits, and purpose of the study prior to agreeing to their participation (World Medical Association, 2025). Additionally, the ethical considerations around resource allocation should also be considered, particularly with the challenges posed by financial investments and time constraints, which could limit the feasibility of implementing this training universally. Thank you for sharing! References World Medical Association. (2025). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. Jama, 333(1), 71-74.
Solved! Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables
Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables Compare independent variables, dependent variables, and extraneous variables. Describe two ways that researchers attempt to control extraneous variables. Provide an example of how this is applied using a peer-reviewed, primary research article. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer When defining features that make up a study, one that comes to mind is a variable. A variable in research is any factor or condition that can change or vary. It is mostly manipulated by researchers, measured, or observed to understand its relationship with other variables, helping to test hypotheses or answer research questions (Andrade, 2021). There are different types of variables in research, the first being independent variables. Independent variables in research are variables that are intentionally manipulated or categorized to observe their effect on another variable. It is considered the cause in a cause-and-effect relationship. Researchers alter this variable to assess its impact on the dependent variable, which is the outcome being measured (Andrade, 2021). An example of an independent variable in a study by Kopp et al. (2024), which focused on physical activity and mental health in school-aged children, was the level of physical activity. In this case, the varying level of physical activity was measured to determine the influence on the dependent variable. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is an outcome variable, meaning that it is a variable that is measured to assess the effect of the independent variable; meaning that the measurement or changes of the dependent variable depend on changes in the independent variable. In the study mentioned, the dependent variable was the mental health outcomes of school-aged children, which were influenced by their physical activity levels. The last type of variables are the extraneous variables. These are outside factors that can influence the dependent variable but are not the focus of the study. Extraneous variables can introduce unwanted variability, potentially affecting the results or making it difficult to draw clear conclusions (Andrade, 2021). Researchers aim to control or account for extraneous variables to ensure the findings are primarily due to the manipulation of the independent variable. In the study, potential extraneous variables could include factors like sleep patterns, diet, or social interactions, which might also influence mental health but were not the main focus. One of the ways of dealing with extraneous variables is by randomization. By randomizing sample selection and distribution, the extraneous variables are equally spread across all groups, thus reducing bias (Cobzaru et al., 2022). Matching is another strategy that can be used to control extraneous variables. In matching, the researcher pairs or groups participants based on similar characteristics, for example, age or gender, to control for variables that might influence the dependent variable. Both methods help isolate the effects of the independent variable, minimizing the impact of outside factors on the study’s results. References Andrade, C. (2021). A student’s guide to the classification and operationalization of variables in the conceptualization and design of a clinical study: Part 1. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717621994334 Cobzaru, R., Jiang, S., Ng, K., Finkelstein, S., Welsch, R., & Shahn, Z. (2022). State of the art causal inference in the presence of extraneous covariates: A simulation study. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2021, 334. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8861734/ Kopp, P. M., Möhler, E., & Gröpel, P. (2024). Physical activity and mental health in school-aged children: A prospective two-wave study during the easing of the COVID-19 restrictions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 18, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00695-8 Sample Peer Response Hello Joan, Thank you for providing a great overview of key research variables, independent, dependent, and extraneous, and strategies for controlling extraneous variables. To add to your points, the independent variable in most cases is manipulated by the researcher to assess its effect on the dependent variable, which is the outcome being measured (Andrade, 2021). Extraneous variables, which are unrelated to the research hypothesis but potentially influence the results, can potentially lead to misleading conclusions. I agree that matching and randomization are effective techniques for controlling confounding or extraneous variables. By matching participants or randomizing assignments, researchers can reduce bias and isolate the true effect of the independent variable on the dependent one. Reference Andrade, C. (2021). A student’s guide to the classification and operationalization of variables in the conceptualization and design of a clinical study: Part 1. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717621994334
Solved! Select a qualitative research article, different than the one you used in Topic 1, focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions
Select a qualitative research article, different than the one you used in Topic 1, focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Select a qualitative research article, different than the one you used in Topic 1, focusing on a clinical nursing problem of your choice. Use this research article to address the following questions: Provide an APA reference of the article including a GCU permalink or working link used to access the article. Study design: How did you determine that the article is qualitative? What study methodology is used? Using the “CASP Qualitative Checklist,” found in topic Resources, evaluate the study. Based on your findings, summarize the critical appraisal of the selected research article. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer APA Reference Lange, D., Lindenmeyer, A., Warren, K., Haroon, S., & Nagakumar, P. (2025). ‘Will anybody listen?’ Parents’ views on childhood asthma care: A qualitative study. BJGP Open, 8(4), BJGPO.2024.0070. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0070 Study Design The article “Will anybody listen? Parents’ views on childhood asthma care: a qualitative study” was identified as qualitative because it explored lived experiences rather than measuring variables numerically. The aim was to understand parents’ perspectives on barriers and facilitators to asthma care (Lange et al., 2025). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which are a hallmark of qualitative research. The methodology used was thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke’s framework, to identify and interpret patterns within the data. A pragmatic approach underpinned by critical realism was applied, allowing the researchers to explore how parents’ experiences were shaped by both individual and social contexts. CASP Qualitative Checklist Appraisal The study met most of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2024) criteria for high-quality qualitative research. The research question was clear and relevant, focusing on a significant clinical nursing problem: parental experiences in managing childhood asthma. The methodology was appropriate, as semi-structured interviews allowed participants to express personal and emotional experiences. Sampling was purposeful and convenient, targeting parents of children with asthma in a multi-ethnic, urban setting. Data collection was well described, and interviews were conducted by a trained researcher, enhancing credibility. Thematic analysis was rigorously applied, and NVivo software supported coding and theme development. Ethical approval was obtained, and participants were informed of their rights, which strengthens the trustworthiness of the study. The findings were rich and illustrated with direct quotes, enhancing validity. However, the small sample size and recruitment challenges limit generalizability. The authors acknowledged potential recall bias and lack of input from non-English speakers. Despite these limitations, the study contributes valuable insights into unmet educational and emotional needs of parents, highlighting areas for improved nursing practice. References Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). (2024). CASP qualitative studies checklist. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/qualitative-studies-checklist/ Lange, D., Lindenmeyer, A., Warren, K., Haroon, S., & Nagakumar, P. (2025). ‘Will anybody listen?’ Parents’ views on childhood asthma care: A qualitative study. BJGP Open, 8(4), BJGPO.2024.0070. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0070 Sample Response Qualitative research methods, such as semi-structured interviews and systematic text condensation, are often used to explore complex, lived experiences in clinical settings. In your selected study, the use of semi-structured interviews allowed registered nurses to share their experiences and insights regarding pain management for patients with opioid use disorder in home care. The advantage of applying qualitative methods in such studies is that they promote candid conversations, providing an in-depth understanding of the challenges and practices involved (Lim, 2025). Systematic text condensation in this case helped identify key themes, ensuring a thorough analysis of the narratives. These methods are effective in capturing nuanced perspectives and offer valuable insights that quantitative methods might miss, especially when studying sensitive or intricate topics like healthcare professionals’ experiences. Thank you for sharing! Reference Lim, W. M. (2025). What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199-229.
Solved! The three types of qualitative research designs are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types
The three types of qualitative research designs are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. The three types of qualitative research designs are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. Compare the differences and similarities between two of the three types of qualitative studies and give an example of each. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer Qualitative research takes different forms, among them being phenomenological research and grounded theory. Each of these approaches takes a different form of inquiry, with phenomenological research focusing on understanding the lived experiences of individuals and how they perceive a phenomenon (Alhazmi & Kaufmann, 2022). Grounded theory, on the other hand, aims to generate or discover a theory by systematically gathering and analyzing data (Charmaz & Thornberg, 2021). Phenomenology seeks to capture the essence of personal experiences by focusing on how individuals perceive and make sense of a particular phenomenon. Researchers use in-depth interviews and observations to gather detailed descriptions of participants’ lived experiences, aiming to uncover the underlying meaning and structure of those experiences. The goal is to explore how individuals interpret their world and the significance they attach to it, while bracketing any preconceived notions to allow for a pure understanding of the phenomenon (Alhazmi & Kaufmann, 2022). On the other hand, grounded theory works toward developing a conceptual framework that explains social processes (Charmaz & Thornberg, 2021). Both methods prioritize deep, contextual exploration, but they differ in their goals, data collection processes, and analysis techniques. In phenomenological research, an example could be exploring how patients experience living with chronic pain, focusing on their perceptions, emotions, and coping mechanisms. In grounded theory, an example could involve studying how nurses perceive the use of telemedicine compared to traditional approaches. Data would be collected through interviews and observations to develop a theory on how nurses adapt their practices, address challenges, and perceive the effectiveness of telemedicine in patient care, particularly in comparison to conventional in-person interactions. References Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods applied to the analysis of cross-cultural experience in novel educational social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 785134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134 Charmaz, K., & Thornberg, R. (2021). The pursuit of quality in grounded theory. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 305–327. Sample Peer Response Hello Your essay presents a compelling comparison between phenomenological research and grounded theory, effectively highlighting that each approach brings something unique to the field of qualitative inquiry. I appreciate the way you described phenomenology, with its emphasis on lived experiences and the researcher’s role in bracketing their preconceptions to understand the perspectives of participants better. The grounded theory case of how nurses adapt to telemedicine that you presented is especially timely in the modern healthcare context: it shows that theory can be a direct result of the practice in the field. Both methods contribute to the development of nursing research by providing context-specific data on patient and provider experiences. According to Adeniran and Tayo-Ladega (2024), phenomenology is particularly effective in revealing the more profound significance individuals attribute to their experiences; thus, it is an invaluable methodology when researching complex human responses in health. References Adeniran, A. O., & Tayo-Ladega, O. (2024). Critical analysis of phenomenological research design in a qualitative research method. Management analytics and social insights, 1(2), 186-196.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-1212
Solved! The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area
The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem. For this discussion question, you will create a clinical guiding question known as a PICOT question. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem (coordination of health care, assessment, education, patient support, trauma prevention, recovery, health screenings, etc.). After reviewing the relevant topic materials: Select a nursing practice problem of interest. Develop a PICOT question using the template and example provided below. Identify two articles, one qualitative and one quantitative, related to the problem of interest. Provide an APA-formatted reference for each article, and explain how each relates to your PICOT question. Be sure to identify which article is qualitative and which article is quantitative. These articles may be used in this week’s assignment. PICOT question intervention format: In_______________(Population), how does _______________ (Intervention) compared to _______________ (Comparison) affect _______________ (Outcome) within______________(Time, optional)? Example: In critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (P), how do daily 2% chlorhexidine cloth baths (I) compared to daily disposable non-antimicrobial cloth baths (C) affect the incidence of health care-associated infections (HAIs) (O)? In responses to peers, provide feedback related to peers’ PICOT questions and their associated articles. Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer PICOT question: In children with asthma (P), how does a nurse-led self-management education program (I), compared to usual discharge instructions (C), affect 30-day hospital readmission rates (O) within one month post-discharge (T)? The first article that fits this PICOT was done by Ng et al. (2021). The randomized controlled trial directly aligns with the PICOT question, as it investigates how structured, nurse-led education compares to usual discharge instructions in improving outcomes for children with asthma. The study found that children who received the nurse-led program had significantly fewer unscheduled visits and hospital readmissions after discharge compared to those who received routine discharge teaching. This mirrors the intervention and comparison elements of the PICOT, demonstrating that nurse-led education empowers families with skills and confidence to manage asthma effectively. By emphasizing parent knowledge, adherence, and confidence, the article provides quantitative evidence that supports nurse-driven interventions as a strategy to lower 30-day readmission rates in pediatric asthma care. The second article was done by Jones et al. (2022). The qualitative study complements the PICOT by exploring why usual discharge instructions may not adequately prevent hospital readmissions. Caregivers highlighted barriers such as unclear follow-up, inconsistent advice, and difficulties accessing preventive medications after discharge. These insights explain why standard discharge instructions (the comparison in PICOT) may fail to reduce readmissions. Moreover, the solutions suggested by caregivers, including personalized asthma action plans, proactive education, and coordinated follow-up closely resemble nurse-led interventions, reinforcing their relevance. By revealing the lived experiences of families, this article provides a contextual foundation for implementing and refining nurse-led self-management education programs to address real-world gaps, thereby reducing the likelihood of early readmissions within one month. References Jones, R., Turner, B., Perera, P., Hiscock, H., & Chen, K. (2022). Understanding caregiver perspectives on challenges and solutions to pediatric asthma care for children with a previous hospital admission: A multi-site qualitative study. The Journal of Asthma: official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 59(10), 1973–1980. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1984528 Ng, J. S. K., Chau, J. P. C., Chan, A. W. K., Lui, J. K. C., & Cheng, J. W. C. H. (2021). A nurse-led web-based home asthma education program for children and their families: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 59(1), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.014
Solved! After reviewing the course textbook, summarize the history of nursing research. Discuss the importance of nursing research as it relates to applying evidence in practice (evidence-based practice).
After reviewing the course textbook, summarize the history of nursing research. Discuss the importance of nursing research as it relates to applying evidence in practice (evidence-based practice). After reviewing the course textbook, summarize the history of nursing research. Discuss the importance of nursing research as it relates to applying evidence in practice (evidence-based practice). Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format. Responses to peers or faculty should be 100-150 words and include one reference. Refer to “RN-BSN Discussion Question Rubric” and “RN-BSN Participation Rubric,” located in Class Resources, to understand the expectations for initial discussion question posts and participation posts, respectively. Sample Expert Answer The History of Nursing Research The history of nursing research began in the mid-19th century with Florence Nightingale. She used data and observation to improve patient outcomes during the Crimean War. Her work showed how evidence could improve health care and nursing practice (de Souza Padilha et al., 2025). In the early 20th century, nurses began to study education and training. Most of the research focused on how to prepare nurses for practice. By the 1950s and 1960s, nursing research expanded to include clinical practice, patient care, and outcomes (de Souza Padilha et al., 2025). The American Nurses Association supported the growth of nursing research through committees and funding. In the 1980s, the creation of the National Center for Nursing Research within the National Institutes of Health gave more recognition to nursing as a science. This later became the National Institute of Nursing Research. Since then, nursing research has continued to grow, focusing on clinical care, health promotion, disease prevention, and the improvement of health systems. Today, nursing research is global and supports professional practice. Importance of Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Nursing research is important because it creates the knowledge that guides practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) means using the best research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to make decisions. Research provides the evidence that makes care safer and more effective (McNett et al., 2021). It helps nurses know what interventions work and what does not. Through research, nurses can improve patient outcomes, reduce errors, and increase satisfaction. EBP also helps reduce costs by avoiding ineffective treatments. Nursing research encourages critical thinking and lifelong learning. It allows nurses to use proven methods instead of tradition or guesswork (McNett et al., 2021). By applying research findings, nurses provide care that is current and reliable. This makes the profession stronger and increases trust from patients and the health care team. References de Souza Padilha, M. I. C., & Borenstein, M. S. (2025). Nursing history: Teaching, research and interdisciplinarity. Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem, 10(3), 532-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-81452006000300024 McNett, M., Masciola, R., Sievert, D., & Tucker, S. (2021). Advancing evidence‐based practice through implementation science: Critical contributions of doctor of nursing practice‐and doctor of philosophy‐prepared nurses. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 18(2), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12496
Solved! In the context of organizational change initiatives, it is crucial to assess and measure progress to ensure the desired outcomes are achieved.
In the context of organizational change initiatives, it is crucial to assess and measure progress to ensure the desired outcomes are achieved. In the context of organizational change initiatives, it is crucial to assess and measure progress to ensure the desired outcomes are achieved. What frameworks, tools, or metrics does your organization utilize to evaluate its level of success during change initiatives? Evaluate the effectiveness of the method and suggest changes, if applicable. Sample Expert Answer The organizational change process is incomplete unless there is a proper evaluation tool to track progress. Change evaluation metric not only helps identify areas requiring adjustment, but also tracks gains made over a similar period. My organization utilizes multiple models to measure change processes, but the most standout are the ADKAR model (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) and KPIs (Key Performance Indicators). In the case of the ADKAR model, my organization evaluates individuals’ progression through each stage of change. The organization conducts a survey to evaluate whether individual employee understand the change process and its influence on their daily operations and performances (Paramitha et al., 2020). The individual-level insight assists in understanding staff ability and skills to implement change. With the ADKAR model, my organization has been able to provide workers additional support to boost their overall output during a change process. The company combines the ADKAR model with KPIs. The organization in the case of KPIs, evaluates metrics such as error reduction, processing time, user adoption rates, and customer satisfaction (Tambare et al., 2021). These measures are critical in showing the success of the new system of processes introduced by the organization. For instance, the evaluation of the success of a system is through the reduction in the number of errors committed by human resources. Despite the success of the ADKAR model and KPIs in evaluating a change process, I would suggest the introduction of real-time feedback tools, such as pulse surveys or digital sentiment analysis, to provide continuous insight into employee attitudes and engagement. The new model would be critical in centralizing metrics, making it easier to monitor and communicate progress in real time. By enhancing flexibility in our evaluation processes, the organization can respond faster to resistance, celebrate early successes, and stay on course toward successful and sustainable transformation. References Paramitha, T. A., Tobing, D. K., & Suroso, I. (2020). ADKAR model to manage organizational change. International Journal of Research Science and Management, 7(1), 141-149. https://ijrsm.com/index.php/journal-ijrsm/article/view/80 Tambare, P., Meshram, C., Lee, C. C., Ramteke, R. J., & Imoize, A. L. (2021). Performance measurement system and quality management in data-driven Industry 4.0: A review. Sensors, 22(1), 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010224
Solved! Discuss the importance of identifying and understanding the benefits of acknowledging short-term wins during change
Discuss the importance of identifying and understanding the benefits of acknowledging short-term wins during change. Discuss the importance of identifying and understanding the benefits of acknowledging short-term wins during change. Provide an example of when you have recommended acknowledging short-term wins in your organization and explain why you did so. Sample Expert and Explanation The change process risks failure, especially when it fails to acknowledge wins. Most organizations are keen to congratulate the change team at the end, especially when the entire project becomes successful. Accordingly, they fail to understand the importance of short-term wins to the overall performance and the morale of the change team. Recognizing short-term wins is beneficial in multiple ways. Notably, recognizing short-term wins improves the overall morale of the change team (Gupta & Agarwal, 2024). The team expects the management to acknowledge their efforts, which are responsible for the progress the project has achieved. These agents believe that they have put in effort to complete some of the deliverables. Moreover, recognizing short-term changes helps workers believe that the change is achievable and beneficial (Hubbart, 2023). Employees could become disengaged, especially when they cannot quantify their efforts. By recognizing short-term wins, organizations help remind workers that they are making strides and that management notices. In addition, recognizing short-term wins helps the management to know that their strategies are working. Most organizations introduce new strategies aimed at completing a project within timelines. Celebrating short-term wins means that workers are executing their roles and responsibilities and that the management strategies are working. For these reasons, recognizing short-term wins is one of the significant steps in any organizational change process. I have had instances where I educated my organization on the importance of recognizing short-term wins. One standout moment was during the introduction of the ERP system, where team members from all departments were able to complete 25% of the change in a shorter period than the stipulated timeline. The management, with my advice to enjoy short-term wins, was able to motivate the change team to complete the remainder of the project under the stipulated timeline. The period helped me understand that celebrating the short-term win helped build trust in the change process and fostered a culture of continuous improvement and recognition. References Gupta, H., & Agarwal, R. (2024). Building and Leading Engineering Teams: Best Practices for High-Growth Startups. International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods, 12(12), 1678. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393606791_Building_and_Leading_Engineering_Teams_Best_Practices_for_High-Growth_Startups Hubbart, J. A. (2023). Organizational change: The challenge of change aversion. Administrative Sciences, 13(7), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13070162
