For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. With this and all cases, remember to consider the patient’s cultural background
For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. Assignment Assessing and Diagnosing Patients With Substance–Related and Addictive Disorders An important consideration when working with patients is their cultural background. Understanding an individual’s culture and personal experiences provides insight into who the person is and where he or she may progress in the future. Culture helps to establish a sense of identity, as well as to set values, behaviors, and purpose for individuals within a society. Culture may also contribute to a divide between specific interpretations of cultural behavior and societal norms. What one culture may deem as appropriate another culture may find inappropriate. As a result, it is important for advanced practice nurses to remain aware of cultural considerations and interpretations of behavior for diagnosis, especially with reference to substance-related disorders. At the same time, PMHNPs must balance their professional and legal responsibilities for assessment and diagnosis with such cultural considerations and interpretations. For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. With this and all cases, remember to consider the patient’s cultural background. To Prepare: Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide. Review the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. By Day 1 of this week select a specific video case study to use for this Assignment from the Video Case Selections choices in the Learning Resources. View your assigned video case and review the additional data for the case in the “Case History Reports” document, keeping the requirements of the evaluation template in mind. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. Identify at least three possible differential diagnoses for the patient. By Day 7 of Week 8 Complete and submit your Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TR criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this client if you could conduct the session over? Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Expert Answer and Explanation Substance Abuse Disorder Subjective: CC: “I am scared and worried about going to a rehab facility.” HPI: Lisa Pittman is a 29-years-old female of white origin. She came to West Palm Beach, FL, detox facility to get a piece of advice on whether to join a rehab institution. Lisa is scared of joining a rehab facility because of how society will treat her. She says that if she goes to rehab, she will not get a job. She is also scared that people will see her as an addict when she joins a rehab facility. She says that Jeremy, her boyfriend influenced her to take crack cocaine. She spends a lot of money on cocaine. She says that she has to use cocaine regularly to feel good. She reports that if she does not use cocaine, she will feel worse and horrible. She continues to use cocaine even if she knows that she needs help. Her cocaine use has affected her daily activities. She does not eat properly and has poor sleeping habits. Past Psychiatric History: General Statement: No history of treatment for psychiatric conditions. Caregivers (if applicable): No Caregivers Hospitalizations: No hospitalization. Medication trials: No prior history of medical trials. Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: The patient has never undergone psychiatric treatment and has no mental problems. Substance Current Use and History: She says that she takes crack cocaine. He spends $100 daily to buy cocaine. She uses cannabis. She takes it about 1-2 times weekly. She drinks 2-3 bottles of alcohol once weekly. Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Her brother has a history of opioid abuse. Her father was jailed for drug possession. Her mother has a history of benzodiazepine abuse and anxiety. Psychosocial History: She was born in Alabama, where her parents raised her. Her mother raised her after her father was jailed when she was 5-7 years old. She has a single sibling, a brother who has not visited them for ten years. She currently lives with her boyfriend in Florida. She has a daughter who lives with her friends. She studied digital marketing in college. She likes to party with friends and get high. She was convicted for possessing drugs and is currently on probation. She is a digital marketer and creates commercial websites for businesses. Her father sexually assaulted her when she was 5-7 years old. She recently witnessed her boyfriend having sexual intercourse with another woman. Medical History: Lisa has hepatitis C. Current Medications: No medications Allergies: She has amoxicillin allergies. Reproductive Hx: She is sexually active. The menstrual cycle is regular. She uses an intrauterine device as her contraceptive method. There are no reproductive concerns. ROS: GENERAL: Positive for low appetite. No weakness, chills, fever, or fatigue. HEENT: No abnormalities. SKIN: No itching. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, edema, leg cramps, dyspnea, or ankle swelling. RESPIRATORY: No pain with breathing,
Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Promotion Recommendations To Deliver In Their Own Communities (Ex: Hispanics-Diabetes, Africanamericans
Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Promotion Recommendations To Deliver In Their Own Communities (Ex: Hispanics-Diabetes, Africanamericans And Prostate Cancer,Etc). This An Example Of A Student Posting: Each Population Has Some Specific Health Issues That Can Require Health Promotion Programs. American Indian Population Attracts Attention In This Context Because Of The Specific State Of Affairs. Although This Population Has Several Main Health Issues For Which Health Promotion Can Be Required, All These Issues Can Be Solved By Following The Directions That Cause A Generally Healthy Lifestyle. According To The U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services (N.D.), The Main Issues In The American Indian Population Is Diabetes, Obesity, And Tobacco Use. Even Though Those Are Three Different Issues, The Health Promotion For Solving Them Is Quite Similar. Such Promotions Have To Be Generally Focused On A Healthy Lifestyle. This Means Healthy Nutrition – Less Fat And Sweet Food And More Healthy Food And Balanced Nutrition. The Next Item Is Physical Activity – Starting With Such Common Advice As More Walking And Ending With Making Sport A Healthy Habit. This Advice Is Also Helpful For Coping With Tobacco Use. This Habit Often Appears When A Person Has Stress With Which It Is Hard To Cope. However, Sport Is Helpful In Decreasing The Level Of Stress, And Therefore, It Can Be Useful To Break The Smoking Habit. Therefore, One Can See That Advice Directed On Causing A Healthy Lifestyle Is Helpful For Coping With Health Issues, Widespread In The American Indian Population. This Way, One Can See That Even Though The American Indian Population Has Several Main Health Issues That Can Require Healthcare Promotion Programs, All These Issues Can Be Solved By Following The Directions That Cause A Generally Healthy Lifestyle. The Issues Of Diabetes, Obesity, And Tobacco Can Be Solved With Healthy Nutrition And Physical Activity. Reference U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Promotion. Retrieved 20 March 2020, from https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/hpdp/ Expert Answer and Explanation Health promotion for Hispanics Population Different populations grapple with different health issues, and for the Hispanics, diabetes presents a major health concern. Although this population is at risk of developing various conditions linked to individual lifestyle behaviors, diabetes seems to be the most prevalent disease in this group. This group constitutes individuals of various sub-ethnic groups including Mexicans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans. In the United States (U.S.), 4 in 10 adults are at risk of developing the disease. Among members of the Hispanics communities, however, 1 in 2 adult individuals are likely to develop the disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Certain key factors may explain the high incidences of the disease among members of the Hispanic population. Genetics play a role in the development of this clinical condition. While the degree of impact of the gene on the risk is unclear, it is possible that genetics plays a role in the development of the illness. However, food can also explain the high risk of the disease in this group. Individuals who are members of this culture eat food that is high in calories and fat, and based on this culture, it is wrong for one to throw away food (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). This is the reason behind high rates of obesity in the population. Therefore, it is also possible that high cases of obesity in this group causes an increase in high rates of diabetes. Because of the high rates of diabetes in this group, there is need to promote the health of the Hispanics through education. The goal of the education is to bring the change of behavior, and empower Hispanics to learn how they can manage their own health. For example, they can learn how to integrate physiotherapy into their personal health promotion plan (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Hispanic/Latino Americans and Type 2 Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/hispanic-diabetes.html. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Health Promotion. https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/hpdp/. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. FAQs African American Culture Healthcare Beliefs: Understanding the Historical, Social, and Cultural Contexts Healthcare beliefs and practices are deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and historical contexts of a community. Understanding these contexts is crucial for healthcare providers to provide culturally competent care. In this article, we will explore the healthcare beliefs of African Americans, one of the most diverse and vibrant ethnic groups in the United States. Historical Context The healthcare beliefs of African Americans are closely tied to their historical experiences, particularly the legacy of slavery, racism, and discrimination. Slaves were often denied access to healthcare and medical treatment, and their traditional healing practices were deemed inferior and even criminalized. This legacy of mistrust and skepticism towards the medical establishment still lingers in the African American community, and it shapes their attitudes towards healthcare today. Social Context The social context of African American healthcare beliefs is shaped by various factors such as socioeconomic status, education level, geographic location, and access to healthcare. African Americans are more likely to live in poverty, lack health insurance, and have limited access to quality healthcare facilities and services. These disparities contribute to a higher burden of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, in the African American community. Cultural Context African American healthcare beliefs are also shaped by their cultural heritage, which is rich and diverse. African Americans have a long tradition of holistic and spiritual healing practices, which incorporate elements of religion, faith, and community. Many African Americans rely on their family and friends for emotional and social support, and they often seek the advice of trusted community leaders and healers when it comes to health issues. Traditional Healing Practices: African American traditional healing practices include herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and home remedies. These practices are often passed down through generations and are
Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget?
Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget? Assignment: Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget? Although budget figures are estimates of future projections, why and how should nurse leaders be prepared to explain short-term variations? Nurse leaders have many responsibilities when it comes to the development of the budget. What issues would be considered most important for the nurse leader in this process? How should a nurse leader prepare to handle minimum staffing requirement costs in the budget process in case this is challenged? Besides a department budget approach, what other alternatives are available in the budgeting process? This APA essay will have 1200-1500 words with 4 supporting references. Make certain to include an introduction and conclusion paragraph, along a title and reference page. Expert Answer and Explanation Nurse Leader’s Role in Budgeting Organizations have to have clear plan on the goals they need to achieve, and budgeting plays crucial role when it comes to the development of this plan. An organization may want to complete certain tasks over a specific duration of time, and when the organization lacks a proper plan to direct the task completion objectives, these tasks can bog it down. This is noticeable with hospitals where the lack of a clear financial plan can have undesirable impact on the hospitals’ operations and functions. For the hospital, the budgeting is important in the sense that it helps individuals be aware of the hospital’s priorities, and they therefore make efforts to help the organization realize certain key objectives (Leger & Dunham-Taylor, 2018). A nurse leader’s role is particularly important in terms of preparation of the budget, and ensuring that the hospital operates within the confines of the budget as this study explores. Importance of the Nurse Leader Role in providing a Reasonable and Fair Budget When preparing the budget, a nurse leader has to ensure that it is reasonable and fair, and this is important because of the benefits linked to the budget of this nature. There is limited chance of experiencing errors in the budget if it is fair and reasonable, and this limits the possibility of manipulating the financial figures. Accordingly, a nurse leader may not face hurdles when it comes to handling of the financial data. A fair and reasonable budget, in addition, encourages the hospital, and a nurse leader in particular to stabilize the hospital’s revenues and expenses so that the hospital can effectively realize its objectives of managing patient’s needs. If a nurse leader fails to prepare a budget that is reasonable enough, it can be a challenge for a health facility to deliver the needed care services, and this may interfere with the hospital’s strategy (Leger & Dunham-Taylor, 2018). Therefore, a nurse leader can improve the transparency of the budgeting process by coming up with a fair and reasonable budget. Why and How the Nurse Leader Prepares to Explain Short-term Variations It is important for a nurse leader to prepare a budget in such a way that the budget they prepare has a favorable variance. Sometimes after preparing the budget, the nurse occupying the leadership position, may have to explain the short variations. Usually when they need to explain the source of these variations, the nurse has to prepare for this. The lack of the preparation can be a problem to the nurse. When the nurse is effectively prepared, they can be in a position to describe the source of the errors, and intervene to correct the same. Conversely, the lack of the preparation can cause a scenario where the nurse is unable to provide a clear explanation of the sources of the errors (Walsh, 2016). Accordingly, this can cause problems to the nurse, and it can have undesirable implications on their reputation. There are certain key ways in which a nurse leader can prepare to provide explanation pertaining to the sources of the variances. For example, they can gather data related to the daily census and patient acuity, and use the information to plan for the budget. This improves the transparency in the budgeting operations. They can also prepare by taking part in the budget preparation process so that they are able to understand the required resources and how their organization uses these resources. Besides, they can have the chief financial officer (CFO) take them through the budgeting process so that they become aware of the budget’s contents, and the way the CFO managed to arrive at the figures (Araújo et al., 2016). The Most Important Issue In terms of the Nurse Leader’s Role in Budget Preparation Nurse leader plays a crucial role in terms of advancing the budgeting goals, and for this leader, communication seems to be the most important issue. In organizational setting, it is important for the staff to be aware of the expectations of their organization. While a leader is responsible of reviewing details on how the organization expects to spend, and the amount it expects to generate, their role also extends to communicating the details of the budget of their organization. An engagement in which a leader shares the details of the budget with the nursing staff may encourage nurses to share information on what they feel the leader should include in the budget. By pursuing this approach to prepare the budget, a leader can help the hospital come up a fair and reasonable budget (Araújo et al., 2016). However, the nurse leader’s role in budgeting is not limited to communicating the details of the budget. They can also defend the budget when need arises. How a Nurse Leader can Handle Minimum Staffing Requirements Sometimes, a nurse leader may encounter a scenario where some members of the executive oppose the leader’s decision to include in the budget, the minimum staffing requirement (MSRs) costs. When presented with this issue, the nurse leader may focus on collecting evidence which they can use to support the claim that MSRs can be beneficial
What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders?
What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders? Organizational Strategies Assignment What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders? What effect has ACA had on stakeholders? Explain what strategies a nurse leader might adopt that would make it more effective? What is important for nurse leaders to share with their staff regarding payers? Why? Who are the various regulators that affect your healthcare organization? What is your role in the respective regulatory process? This PowerPoint® (Microsoft Office) or Impress® (Open Office) presentation should be a minimum of 20 slides, including a title and reference slide, with detailed speaker notes on content slides. Use at least four scholarly sources. Expert Answer and Explanation Understanding the health care delivery system is important, especially by a nurse leader. The ability to properly manage health care organizations is dependent on this understanding. A nurse leader needs to understand the nature of customers they serve, how different health care policies affect the and in extension, how the different stakeholders impact their role when delivering health care services to patients. The purpose of this presentation will be to explain the different elements that affect the strategic management of health care organizations. The individual objectives that will be used to guide the presentation include the following; To understand how stakeholders impact the consumers To understand the effects of ACA on stakeholders and how nurse leaders can make the policy more effective To identify important information that nurse leaders need to share with subordinate staff regarding payers To identify the various regulators affecting healthcare and the role of nurses in the respective regulatory process In health care, patients are regarded as the primary customers. In a study by Mazurenko et al. (2016), it was noted that most care providers didn’t initially consider patients as customers, however, with the evolution of health care and inclusion of patient satisfaction as a part of the performance metric, the view of patients as customers started being embraced. One of the elements to ensure customer satisfaction is to first understand the nature of customers being served. In a primary health care facility, the customers being served come from diverse backgrounds. The customers can be regarded from the following perspectives Racial and age backgrounds – One of the characteristics of customers served in a primary health care facility are patients coming from different cultural/racial backgrounds and from different ages. Such customers require to be given cultural and age sensitive care (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019) . The customers severed also have different levels of knowledge on matters health. Among this group of patients, there are those who are health savvy, meaning that they have knowledge on different aspects surrounding their state of health and apply the same knowledge to improve their health There are also those who have very limited knowledge or non at all on matters health. And lastly there are those who have some knowledge but fail to apply it to improve their health. The health care facility also serves customers with different financial capabilities, given that it is a public care facility, there is usually no discrimination, plus most of the care cost for those who are financially unable are catered for by Medicaid coverage. With the inclusion of technology in care delivery, we also deal with customers how have different levels of knowledge on technology use which usually determines the level of technology inclusion in their care delivery package. The last characteristic of customers served is that they all have different health care conditions and some have not at all, instead they come for various consultation services. Other than consumers, a health care facility has other stakeholders who impact the services offered. Some of the other stakeholders according to Leger and Dunham-Taylor (2018) include; Care providers (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, etc.) Insurance companies (providers of health care covers to consumers) Suppliers (including pharmaceutical companies, health care technology companies, among others) The government (local, state and federal) There are several ways through which consumers are affected by other stakeholders. One of the ways stakeholders is through policies formulated by the government. Policies such as Medicaid and Medicare are examples of polices that have been termed to have great impact on access to health care services by consumers (Nejati et al., 2019). Another way they can be impacted is through changes in pricing of services such as insurance covers, health care technology and medications, among other health car commodities. With changes in pricing either due to market forces or policies, the ability of consumers to afford health care services is also impacted. Another way consumers are impacted is through the quality of services given by care providers. If the services are substandard, then the level of satisfaction and outcomes will also be low. Introduction of new methods and technology can also impact consumers for example, the adoption of telemedicine services can affect how consumers receive their services from care providers The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also known as Obama-care was an act signed into law in 2010 by former US president Barack Obama. The act had two main goals which are to provide better health insurance coverage for Americans and lowering the overall cost of health care services. through the act, 16% of the population who had no access to health care services previously, (those not covered by their employers or national programs) were targeted. Since then the act has been said to bring some transformation in the health care sector (Frean et al., 2017). After the enactment of the ACA, the effects were felt by almost all the stakeholders withing the care delivery spectrum. Among those who were majorly impacted are the act are the consumers of health care services. ACA helped to reduce the number of previously uninsured Americans, which led to increased access to affordable care (Kominski et al., 2017). Another stakeholder affected were the primary care providers who, after the enactment of
Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators – what role can each play in health care quality, and cost containment?
Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators Module 1: Assignment Assignment: Professional Development Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators – what role can each play in health care quality, and cost containment? In your opinion, what health policy has had the greatest impact on health care in the United States? Why? Frame some arguments for or against the policy of mandated minimum staffing ratios in the positive versus normative economic dichotomy. This APA essay will have 1200-1500 words with 4 supporting references. Make certain to include an introduction and conclusion paragraph, along a title and reference page. Expert Answer and Explanation Professional Development Engaging with stakeholders is an essential element in which the organization can attain its success. The organization has to ensure a clear vision obtained from a comprehensive and strategic process of planning and the marketing plan. A healthcare setting that facilitates active engagement can easily translate their needs to meet the industry requirements or otherwise facilitate strategic development. Stakeholder understanding also ads in the identification of a common ground that unifies all the stakeholders with regards to their requirements and needs (Yoo, 2018). Each stakeholder is unique, and their needs might either be dependent on each other or entirely independent. Both external and internal stakeholders have to work together to ensure that they meet the required stipulations and increase the organization’s performance. Internal stakeholders interact with the healthcare facility daily and can ensure that the organization meets all the required thresholds. This consolidation of stakeholder requirements, healthcare organization, consummate affect the overall health and cost of containment. Role of Consumers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Consumers within the healthcare system comprised of the patients and other individuals that need medical services. Patients are required to be treated with the high measure of quality, ensure satisfaction, and guarantee on the various ways in which care will be provided to them while at the facility. For the healthcare facility to attend and meet each patient’s demand, they have first to identify the current trends that are prevailing in facilitating patient outcome and satisfaction (Okeke, Tseng, Piantella, Brown, Kaur, Sterling, & Dell, 2019). Different patients present different medical conditions that required advanced medical expertise and medical equipment to mitigate. Some may also seek medical care with comorbid illnesses that are complex to diagnose and treat. These conditions have an impact on the overall quality of care, as well as the cost of containment. For instance, it becomes costly to handle and offer continuous quality care to a patient with multiple illnesses without proper finances. Role of Providers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Health care providers constitute the internal stakeholders as they comprise the administration, nurses, and doctors required to attend to patient needs. A healthcare facility has to ensure that they provide high-quality care that meets the demands of the patient. The facility also needs to abide by industry standards. The quality of care is dependent on the ability of the providers to guarantee their effectiveness (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). This construct defines the role in which the providers can ensure high-quality care and cost containment. One way to facilitate quality care is by hiring quality personnel to oversee the facility’s operations. Quality nurses and doctors reflect the potential to deliver quality care. Health care providers can also ensure that there is sufficient and high-quality technology in line with industry-specific needs. Through the use of the electronic records system, the facility can ensure that the services provided are of high quality (Okeke et al., 2019). These two services may have a first implication on the cost. The provision of high-quality care will help with cost containment by offering a useful positive healthcare image and an increased number of patients. Providers also facilitate the issue of quality in healthcare by adopting the standard and acceptable models of practice, such as the use of EBP, which inform the best treatment options and create policies. Role of Payers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Health care payers include insurance companies, employers, the government, and the out-of-pocket payment model. These alternatives have a role to play when it comes to ascertaining the nature of care and the overall cost containment. To begin with, the insurance company act as an intermediary between the patient and the healthcare facility. With the insurance in place, the patient is guaranteed access to quality care without considering the financial implication. For instance, Medicare and Medicaid offer financial aid to elderly patients within the United States, helping them acquire medical care that is of high quality and specific to their specific needs. Insurance agencies also create measures that limit the charges that the healthcare organization charge on specific service provisions (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). The agencies also limit the amount that the organization can charge a patient in a single hospital visit creating a measure against cost containment. Secondly, the government also has direct impacts on the quality of care as well as cost containment. The government is the principal financier for public hospitals and other government-owned insurance covers. In this manner, the government, either state or federal, can ensure that the public healthcare facilities are well equipped and create policies that dictate the aspect of care that can provide to patients (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). Similarly, it also offers the same services as the private insurance companies but allows the beneficiaries to afford the provide healthcare services. On the other hand, out-of-pocket payment is also a viable payment option, but people with low income may hinder the affordability of quality services. Role of Suppliers in Healthcare Quality and Containment The quality of healthcare performance can establish the supplier able to provide quality equipment and medication. Suppliers also play a critical role in ensuring the provision of quality care within an organization. First, suppliers of medicines can ensure that the drug is delivered on time and meet s the standards required by the market’s
Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions
Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Assignment Description: Professional Development Assignment Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Title Slide (1 slide) For a hospital to operate efficiently and effectively, the three important influences in its governance, medical staff, board of trustees, and administration, must work together in reasonable harmony. What factors contribute to the tension that usually exists among them? (4 slides). Organizations such as the LeapFrog Group represent a growing trend to survey and report on the quality of hospital care and to make the findings available to the public. What are your opinions about the public’s readiness to deal with having this information available and using it to make choices about medical care? (2-3 slides) Hospitals are facing unprecedented financial challenges from entrepreneurial physician initiatives that are establishing competitive, free-standing diagnostic and treatment centers and specialty hospitals. What are the advantages and disadvantages to these developments from a patient perspective? (2-3 slides) References (1 slide) Expert Answer and Explanation Every organization has its own power structure that influences different dynamics which shape the culture of the organization. Three major influencing forces, namely the governance, medical staff, board of trustees, and administration at times engage in conflicting situations that are likely to cause tensions. Some of the causes that bring about these tensions include the following; Conflicting interests – This usually occurs when each wing has a conflicting goal with the other. In most cases, it is supposed to be the organization’s leadership that brings unity of purpose steered towards achieving organizational goals. However, without the alignment of goals among the different entities, then there is likely to be tension (Antonacci et al., 2018). Resource allocation – Resources are usually scarce. When the medial staff are not accorded the required resources to execute their mandate there is a high likelihood for tensions to occur across the different entities. Communication breakdown – Poor communication is always a recipe for organizational conflicts. When instructions are not understood, or when a party is kept in the dark concerning the going-on of the organizations, there is likely to be build-up of tension. Performance expectations – Failure to meet the targets agreed upon can also cause tensions to exist. There are times when unrealistic targets are set for the medical staff, for example, targets that conflict with the business perspective of the facility. Such targets can be a source of demotivation leading to tension between the different groups (Labelle et al., 2016) Organizational change – Unplanned change can cause significant resistance to exist from any of the influential groups. Existing allegiances and power struggles – Power dynamics within the organization, including how reward and punishment is delivered can cause tension. Tendency to be biased when making important decisions favoring a particular cluster of people within the organization brig about discontentment leading to build-up of tension. (Figueroa et al., 2019) Failure to respond to existing issues – There are time when the administration or the board fails to approve or deal with pertinent issue concerning medial staff for example approving additional staff to be employed. This can lead to conflict between the different influences. Lack of accountability – Transparency is crucial in the management of organizational operations. In an environment where no one is brought to account for expenditure, operational efficiency, leadership, or general organizational performance, tensions are bound to exist (Figueroa et al., 2019). Publication of data plays a critical role in improvement of the standards of care quality. Care facilities depend on the data collected from independent entities to improve their internal systems allowing provision of superior care in terms of quality and safety. The following are some of the reasons why healthcare facilities should encourage publication of findings by independent organizations. Data allows provision of enhanced quality of care Implementation of evidence-based practice Creation of innovative practices in clinical practice Foundation of new frontiers in research (Hagan et al., 2017) Enhanced health literacy=- Over time, the level of patients, health literacy has been goring making them more aware of their health needs and outcomes. Easy access to information facilitated by technology – Technology has made access to information easy. Using technology, patients can easily access information which at times influence their decision making when it comes to health preferences. Increased sensitization on patients’ right to quality and safe care – After the enactment of the ACA, there have been increased efforts to sensitize patients about the provision of quality care Increased call to provide patient-centered care – Similarly, in conformance with the value-based system, there has been increased involvement of patients in clinical decision making which has contributed to increased appetite to consume healthcare information. Specialty facilities are those that have a limited range of services, providing specialized therapeutic and diagnostic services addressing specific patient needs (Sultz & Young, 2017). There are several factors that have given rise to specialty hospitals. Some of them include Increased advancements in healthcare, especially technological advancements. Increased competition within the healthcare industry Changes in patient demands and the need for quality care Changes in population dynamics, for example the increasing baby boomer generation has seen a growth in long-term care facilities. Focused experience from healthcare personnel thus improved quality of care – Staff working in specialty hospitals are usually trained and have the experience to handle patients with a specific condition making their interventions more targeted and refined which usually equates to better quality. Specialized resources
Identify and describe at least two competing needs impacting your selected healthcare issue/stressor
Identify and describe at least two competing needs impacting your selected healthcare issue/stressor Competing needs arise within any organization as employees seek to meet their targets and leaders seek to meet company goals. As a leader, successful management of these goals requires establishing priorities and allocating resources accordingly. Within a healthcare setting, the needs of the workforce, resources, and patients are often in conflict. Mandatory overtime, implementation of staffing ratios, use of unlicensed assisting personnel, and employer reductions of education benefits are examples of practices that might lead to conflicting needs in practice. Leaders can contribute to both the problem and the solution through policies, action, and inaction. In this Assignment, you will further develop the white paper you began work on in Module 1 by addressing competing needs within your organization. To Prepare: Review the national healthcare issue/stressor you examined in your Assignment for Module 1, and review the analysis of the healthcare issue/stressor you selected. Identify and review two evidence-based scholarly resources that focus on proposed policies/practices to apply to your selected healthcare issue/stressor. Reflect on the feedback you received from your colleagues on your Discussion post regarding competing needs. The Assignment (1–2 pages): Developing Organizational Policies and Practices Add a section to the 2–3 page paper you submitted in Module 1. The new section should address the following in 1–2 pages: Identify and describe at least two competing needs impacting your selected healthcare issue/stressor. Describe a relevant policy or practice in your organization that may influence your selected healthcare issue/stressor. Critique the policy for ethical considerations, and explain the policy’s strengths and challenges in promoting ethics. Recommend one or more policy or practice changes designed to balance the competing needs of resources, workers, and patients, while addressing any ethical shortcomings of the existing policies. Be specific and provide examples. Cite evidence that informs the healthcare issue/stressor and/or the policies, and provide two scholarly resources in support of your policy or practice recommendations. Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 7 days to provide you with quality feedback. Expert Answer and Explanation Developing Organizational Policies The Competing Needs Impacting the Selected Healthcare Issue Unbalanced nurse-to-patient ratios intertwine with certain competing needs including the nurse’s wellbeing versus the nurse’s workload. The wellbeing of the nursing staff is crucial for the effective delivery of care, yet nurses tend to struggle with meeting the workload targets especially in situations in which patients’ demand for health services is high. This occurs in poorly staffed hospitals or in healthcare organizations that are incapable of undertaking appropriate response to respond to the surge in the population of patients (Almeida, Figueiredo, & Lucas, 2024). Thus, balancing between adequate nursing staff, and ensuring that nurses are in good health to deliver care can be a dilemma for the healthcare organization. Dealing with the financial limitations versus maintaining the required patient safety standards is also a competing need that an organization may experience. It is common for organizations to work towards attaining certain patient safety thresholds, or delivering optimal and adequate care. Due to the need to limit costs, however, it can be challenge for the organizations to acquire or employ more nurses, which can hamper the efforts focused on delivering safe and quality health services (Almeida et al., 2024. Therefore, limited financial resources may limit organizations’ capacity to recruit enough members of the staff. Policy or Practice In My Organization That Can Influence the Selected Issue My organization has a policy that emphasizes the retention of the employees especially nurses, which is part of the strategy focused on ensuring that it adheres to the required quality and safety standards. The policy covers various requirements including the requirement that the management grant nurses study leave to allow them to pursue career advancement objectives (Ferramosca et al., 2023). Part of these requirements includes salary increment for members of the staff to cushion them against the effect of inflation. This policy has a capacity of impacting the nurse staffing ratios in the organization by motivating nurses to choose it as their preferred work setting. Critiquing the Policy for Ethical Considerations Including Its Strengths and Challenges In Promoting Ethics Although the policy addresses most of the issues that affect the retention of nurses, it is limited in scope. It does not include a description of how the organization intends to determine the disabled staff members that are eligible for promotion. The assessment of the policy elements shows that the policy supports the wellbeing of the nurse, and motivates them to continue working for the organization, which essentially helps support the delivery of quality care. This implies that the policy reduces the risk of injuries to patients (Waterfield & Barnason, 2022). However, it ignores the undelaying factors that account for nurses’ decisions to look for work opportunities elsewhere. Recommendation of Policy or Practice Change Designed to Balance the Competing Needs of Resources, Staff and Patients To ensure the policy addresses the highlighted issues, some of the changes to consider include allowing nurses to work remotely, and investing in remote patient monitoring systems. This would reduce the workload for nurses while cushioning the organization from the effects associated with the surge in the patient population (Waterfield & Barnason, 2022). To counter the effects of workload, the organization would need to establish a wellness program in which employees take care of their personal wellbeing. Evidence that Informs the Healthcare Issue A number of resources are dedicated towards supporting the wellbeing of providers, which can help reduce nurses’ risk of leaving the organization. For example, Pressley and Garside (2023) highlight the factors that determine nurses’ intention of continue working for an organization. References Almeida, D., Figueiredo, A. R., & Lucas, P. (2024). Nurses’ Well-Being at Work in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 12(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020173. Ferramosca, F. M. P., De Maria, M., Ivziku, D., Raffaele, B., Lommi, M., Tolentino Diaz, M. Y., Montini, G., Porcelli, B., De Benedictis, A., Tartaglini, D., & Gualandi, R. (2023).
Provide an overview of what a manufacturing process is and how it is organized. Explain the concepts of setup time, utilization time, production
Provide an overview of what a manufacturing process is and how it is organized Within the Discussion Board area, write 200-300 words that respond to the following with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas. Using what you learned in the game module, please explain the following aspects of a production process: Provide an overview of what a manufacturing process is and how it is organized. Explain the concepts of setup time, utilization time, production scheduling, and bottlenecks in a simple manufacturing process and what the role of the operations manager is. Expert Answer and Explanation Manufacturing Process Manufacturing is the production of goods and services for sale or use using tools, machines, biological formulation, and labor (Yang et al., 2018). Therefore, the manufacturing process, also known as manufacturing engineering, can be defined as the stages followed to change raw materials to the final product or service. For instance, stages of transforming wheat into bread can be called a manufacturing process. The manufacturing process can be organized in the following steps. The first step is the product concept, where an idea is generated. The second step is research. The third step is a product design and materials specification. Here, the manager will design a product and identify the resources needed to make it. The fourth step is researching and developing the final product or service design (Yang et al., 2018). Step five is prototype testing to find any faults in the design for appropriate changes to be made. Other steps include manufacturing, assembly, feedback and testing, product development, and final product. Concept of Setup Time Setup time is the period taken to reconfigure a machine to operate a different production section. Utilization is the amount of an element used to achieve a specific goal. Utilization time is the period used to manufacture a single product. Manufacturing and production run on the timeline. Production scheduling is the process of planning the time taken to complete an activity in the manufacturing process. A bottleneck in manufacturing is a point where workloads arrive faster for a production process to handle. It can create delays to lead to higher production costs. Operations managers can hire and fire workers, improve organizational processes, set training standards and hiring policies, planning, operations strategy, embracing design, and managing the operation process (Wolniak, 2019). References Wolniak, R. (2019). Operation manager and its role in the enterprise. Production Engineering Archives, 24(24), 1-4. https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/pea/24/24/article-p1.xml Yang, B., Qiao, L., Cai, N., Zhu, Z., & Wulan, M. (2018). Manufacturing process information modeling using a metamodeling approach. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 94(5-8), 1579-1596. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-016-9979-0 Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Manufacturing Processes: A Complete Guide to Organization and Key Concepts Manufacturing serves as the backbone of modern industry, transforming raw materials into finished products that drive economic growth worldwide. Understanding how manufacturing processes work and how they’re organized is essential for anyone involved in operations management, industrial engineering, or business operations. What is a Manufacturing Process? A manufacturing process is a systematic production method that creates goods by combining supplies, ingredients, or raw materials using specific formulas, recipes, or procedures. This process involves converting inputs into outputs through various value-added activities, typically in industries that produce bulk quantities of goods such as food, beverages, automotive parts, electronics, and consumer products. Manufacturing processes are characterized by their ability to create standardized products efficiently and cost-effectively. They involve coordinated activities that transform materials through physical, chemical, or mechanical means to produce items that meet specific quality standards and customer requirements. How Manufacturing Processes Are Organized Manufacturing organization follows a structured approach designed to maximize efficiency, minimize waste, and ensure consistent quality output. The typical organization includes several key components: Process Flow Structure Manufacturing processes are organized in a logical sequence that moves materials from raw inputs to finished products. This flow typically includes receiving raw materials, preparation and setup, actual production, quality control, and packaging or finishing operations. Resource Allocation Effective manufacturing organization requires careful allocation of resources including machinery, labor, space, and time. Each resource must be optimized to prevent bottlenecks and maintain smooth production flow. Quality Control Integration Quality management is integrated throughout the manufacturing process rather than being relegated to a final inspection step. This approach ensures that defects are caught early and corrected before they impact the final product. Workflow Coordination Different departments and processes must be coordinated to ensure seamless operation. This includes synchronizing material deliveries, machine availability, labor schedules, and customer demand. Key Manufacturing Concepts Every Professional Should Know Understanding specific manufacturing concepts is crucial for optimizing production efficiency and managing operations effectively. Setup Time Setup time refers to the duration required to prepare equipment, machinery, or a work area before production can begin. This preparation phase includes activities such as: Equipment cleaning and maintenance Tool changes and adjustments Material loading and positioning System calibration and testing Safety checks and procedures Setup time is a critical factor in manufacturing efficiency because it represents non-productive time that directly impacts overall throughput. Reducing setup time through techniques like Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) can significantly improve manufacturing performance. Utilization Time Utilization time represents the actual period during which equipment, machinery, or labor is actively engaged in productive work. This is the time when value is being added to the product through transformation processes. High utilization rates are generally desirable as they indicate efficient use of resources. However, it’s important to balance utilization with flexibility and maintenance requirements. Equipment running at 100% utilization may lack the flexibility to handle unexpected demands or necessary maintenance activities. Production Scheduling Production scheduling is the process of organizing, planning, and optimizing work and workloads in manufacturing operations. It involves determining when and how production activities should occur
Reread Take a Closer Look Exploring Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” in your textbook
Reread Take a Closer Look Exploring Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” in your textbook 1. Reread Take a Closer Look Exploring Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” in your textbook. 2. Carefully listen to the song “Clair de Lune” and critically examine its components, style, context, and influence. Listen for and try identifying at least TWO basic elements of music described in the required Module 6 textbook pages. You may also wish to refer back to the Module 6 Online Exploration resources as well as the required pages in your textbook for Module 6. 3. Read the essay “Musical Impressionism: The Early History of the Term” by Ronald L. Byrnside from The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 66, No. 4 (October, 1980), pp. 522-537, published by Oxford University Press here in Module 6. 4. Now that you’ve carefully examined and researched the work of music, write and submit the finished essay using at least three fully developed paragraphs and at least 500 words, in which you: Describe Claude Debussy’s “Clair de Lune” analytically. In doing this, identify at least TWO basic elements of music described in the Module 6 required textbook pages “The Basic Elements of Music.” Identify the “mood” of the song. What kind of “Impression” does it give you? Explain whether “Clair de Lune” is Apollonian or Dionysian, and provide evidence supporting your argument. Knowing that “Clair de Lune” belongs to a musical school known as Impressionism (based on your research) describe the similarities and differences between Impressionism as an artistic movement (as we learned about in Module 5) and as a movement in music. Use evidence from “Clair de Lune” and your exploration of Impressionism to support your arguments. Conclude by commenting on whether or not you believe that Music and Visual Art should share an artistic classification such as “Impressionism. Be sure to use and cite “Musical Impressionism: The Early History of the Term” by Ronald L. Byrnside and/or another essay you have already found and read as a research source article concerning the musical school and movement known as Impressionism Expert Answer and Explanation Clair de Lune Analysis Essay The French composer, Claude Debussy, developed an outstanding masterpiece known as “Clair de Lune” meaning moonlight, and the work was based from several poems, “Fetes Galantes” collection, written by an artist called Paul Verlaine (Byrnside, p529). “Clair de Lune” was an artwork full of creativity. Debussy developed distinct patterns in his music, giving it a touch of smooth rhythm. The tones and notes of this masterpiece almost shared similar frequency throughout the whole work, although there were significant variations in tones. The progression of scale in Clair de Lune is in an organized way with high and low frequencies alternating effectively. The music notes in the masterpiece rise and fall respectively and later advance to more passive or peaceful tones creating an unforgettable melody in the music. Despite the unity in the music, sometimes the work shifts to sporadic for moments then changes back to the normal unity. The artist is dissonant and his use of dissonance goes well with the piece bringing a sense of uniqueness. The essential or primary elements of the music were artistically presented and worked harmoniously throughout the complete masterpiece of Clair de Lune. The song shows a lyrical and light-airy mood filled with romance. This mood leads to the second basic elements which are an impression of peacefulness and calmness (Zellers, np). Besides, it is an amazing masterpiece that relaxes the minds of the audience. The music Clair de Lune exhibits both Apollonian and Dionysian features regarding the fluctuating notes. The work displays more characteristics of Apollonian. The artist Claude Debussy involved great analysis and precision in the structure as well as compositional material of the piece for it to be Apollonian (Byrnside, p529). This masterpiece captures the attention and interest of the greatest musicians ever known. The piece is unique in a way that it offers the audience a quiet place where they can ponder and meditate about life as well as purpose. Besides, the work Clair de Lune triggers deep emotional feelings and sentiment of romance. The feelings evoked bring up exciting experiences and memories hence allowing or enabling one to recall. Generally, the arrangement of concepts of melody, harmony, and rhythm in the piece of music is impressive and relies on qualities of sound that can be described fundamentally as Apollonian. The most critical and recognizable resembles between impressionism in movement in music and artistic movement is that the two movements are both aimed to trigger a certain mood or feeling among the audiences or users of the piece. The critical consideration is about the emotions and expressions about the music in either form, but not about the dimension, for example, two or three dimensional, or the sound of music. Both movements unlock the mind and soul of a person, inducing deep moods and feelings (Zellers, np). Impressionism both as a musical and artistic movement has an ultramodern form of art defying the customary principles of their discipline. A common variation between the two movements is that the artistic movement illustrates the visual impression of life and its perspectives. According to Debussy’s statement, “Rules and chords should not affect or hinder musicians, but rather allow the music to blend into its sound and prominence” (“Claude Debussy Quotes, np). This condition means that it disobeys traditional regulations like the Avant-grade form. Furthermore, the artistic movement creates a picture or visual expression, while musical movement portrays feelings and emotions. References Byrnside, Ronald L. “Musical Impressionism: The Early History of the Term.” The Musical Quarterly, LXVI, no. 4, 1980, pp. 522–537. “Claude Debussy Quotes.” BrainyQuote, Xplore, 2001, Zellers, Daniel. “Impressionism: Music and Art.” Prezi.com, Prezi, 25 Nov. 2014. Place your order now on a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. What Can You Say About Clair de Lune by Claude Debussy? A Complete Guide to the Masterpiece Clair de Lune stands as one of
Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association
Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association Describe the differences between a board of nursing Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each. Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing. To Prepare: Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency. Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation. The Assignment: (9- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation) Develop a 9- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following: Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association. Describe the geographic distribution, academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status of members of the board for your specific region/area. Who is on the board? How does one become a member of the board? Describe at least one federal regulation for healthcare. How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare (e.g., CMS, OSHA, and EPA)? Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain. Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice. How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Required Referances Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84) American Nurses Association. (n.d.). ANA enterprise. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765. Halm, M. A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291 National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001 EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Understanding regulation of nursing profession is important given the nature of the field. There are different organizations which participate in regulating and advancing the nursing practice, knowing each of the organizations and their roles is important. In the US, there are over 100 boards of nursing (BONs) and professional nursing associations. Understanding their roles will help nurses enjoy the full benefits offered by the organizations. The purpose of this presentation is to provide details on how the nursing practice is regulated and the roles of both BONs and professional nursing associations in regulating and advancing the nursing practice. With the vast number of both board of nursing (BONs) and nursing associations, one can get confused about their respective roles in governing nursing practice. Both of these organizations have clear differences in terms of their mandate which are outlined as follows. Board of Nursing BONs are responsible for regulating nursing practice and protecting the public from unqualified or rogue nurses and ensuring that licensed nurses provide safe and competent care. BONs also do not participate in legislation making including lobbying , instead they only implement the formulated legislation as pertains to nursing practice. BONs are government entities formed by the different state governments and one national board having membership picked from the other state BONs (59 state BONs and one national), Professional Nurse Associations Nursing associations are responsible for advocating for nurses interests and advancing the nursing profession (Benton et al., 2017). Nursing association play an active role in representing their members in legislative process, including lobbying political players to support the interests of the nurses and the nursing practice (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nursing associations are private entities with membership requiring annual subscriptions. The Mississippi board of nursing, currently headed by Alton Shaw (FNP), is a thirteen member board comprising of 2 nurse educators, 3 registered nurses in clinical practice, two of which should have as basic nursing preparation an associate degree or diploma and 1 to have at least baccalaureate nursing degree. Another board member is 1 registered nurse at large,1 Registered nursing practitioner, 4 licensed practical nurse, 1 licensed physician who shall always be a member of the State Board of Medical Licensure, 1 representative of consumers of health services The membership should come from each congressional districts in the State of Mississippi. These rules are as outline in the Mississippi Nursing Practice Act amended in 2016. According to the Mississippi Nurse and practice Act, under the establishment of the board guidelines, for one to become a board member in the Mississippi Board of Nursing, other than the member from the State Board of Medical Licensure have to be appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate. The list of nominees forwarded to the governor for consideration are usually submitted by the relevant nursing associations in Mississippi with each slot in list containing three names for consideration. If such a list is not submitted to the governor, then he/she can make the appointments without nomination The term for members in