[ANSWERED 2023] The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the signature assignment. The idea is for the student to take a stepwise approach
The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the The purpose of assignments Part 1 to Part 3 is to gradually guide the student in developing the signature assignment. The idea is for the student to take a stepwise approach to completing the signature assignment. The signature assignment will be broken up into three steps: STEP 1 – Introduction and Overview of the Problem; STEP 2 – Project Purpose Statement, Background & Significance and PICOt Formatted Clinical Project Question; and STEP 3 – Literature Review and Critical Appraisal of the Literature. The three steps, when completed, will be combined in the final Signature Assignment formal paper in Week 8. This week’s assignment is STEP 1 – Introduction and Problem Statement. First, the student will select a clinical question from the Approved List of PICOt/Clinical Questions or seek approval for a question from the course professor only for Nurse Educator and Health Care Leadership MSN majors who wish to tailor their research question to their specialized major. The student will select an approved topic from the list (or with faculty approval as previously stated) and will customize the question to meet his or her interest. Next, the student will use the outline below and submit via a Word doc to the assignment link. Provide a title that conveys or describes the assignment. Introduction – Provide an introduction to your topic or project. The introduction gives the reader an accurate, concrete understanding what the project will cover and what can be gained from implementation of this project. Overview of the Problem – Provide a synopsis of the problem and some indication of why the problem is worth exploring or what contribution the proposed project is apt to make to practice. References – Cite references using APA 7th ed. Manual. Expectations Due: Monday, 11:59 pm PT Format: Completed Word doc with references in APA 7th ed. format File name: Save the file with Student First Name_Last Name_Part 1 Expert Answer and Explanation Vaccination Awareness Among Adults Introduction Vaccination is among the crucial health procedures that keeps humanity away from the risk of deadly illnesses. With the invention of vaccines, mortality from diseases such as measles, tetanus, polio, pneumonia, and meningitis has significantly reduced. Vaccines help the immune system to build a strong defense against a given illness before coming into contact with the disease-causing agent. According to World Health Organization, vaccination saves above four million lives annually (Bloom et al., 2017). Though vaccination is commonly administered to children, even adults should be vaccinated. Adult vaccination is important because childhood vaccines can wear off with time, leaving adults prone to illnesses. Also, they can spread the disease to prone individuals. The Internet can help improve adult vaccine awareness and, in turn, improve the vaccination rate among adults. Overview of the Problem Most adults are ignorant of the vaccines recommended for them. As a result, they are not updated with vaccination which leaves them at risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses. With the increase in age, the body’s immune system weakens, and if they contract these diseases, it could be life-threatening. Most diseases and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases occur in adults (Ohfuji et al., 2019). Vaccine-preventable diseases can be passed from one person to another, and if adults fail to take vaccines, they could put the lives of their loved ones at risk. Adults are familiar with vaccines such as the influenza vaccine, whose level of awareness is high. However, they do not know about other vaccines, such as measles, mumps, tetanus, hepatitis A and B, papillomavirus, rubella, and diphtheria. There is a need for adults to know about these other vaccines for the benefit of their health (Alison et at., 2018). Lack of awareness could lead to an outbreak that could affect the entire population. To prevent such occurences, it is necessary to educate adults about these vaccines to avoid risking other people’s lives. Patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes are prone to other infections. Their immune system is weakened, and this exposes them to other diseases. For such patients, contracting vaccine-preventable diseases could put their health under strain. Having such patients well informed of the vaccination options they have could help them improve their health. Also, it helps to avoid complications and give the patients a longer life span. Many adults are hesitant to embrace vaccination. The lack of proper understanding of vaccines increases the resistance to be vaccinated. For example, many people have expressed their disapproval of the coronavirus vaccine. Many hold onto mythical beliefs about vaccines, making it hard for health professionals to counter the disease (Dror., 2020). Having awareness protocols to address the public fears concerning the vaccine can help change the attitude towards vaccination. There is a necessity to address these fears because a lack of participation from the public could make efforts to combat the disease unproductive and risk the lives of many people. Vaccination, diet, and exercise contribute to healthy adult life and transitioning to old age. Individuals who take part in the triad have few health complications and tend to live longer. However, there is a lower vaccination coverage, which adversely impacts the efforts to promote healthy living. Among the factors promoting inadequate vaccination coverage is the lack of awareness which is possible to address (Serra et al., 2021). A well-informed public about vaccination will clearly understand the recommended vaccines and consistently follow up based on their health, age, and lifestyle. In today’s world, technology has made it easy to transmit information. The use of the Internet can help solve the problem of vaccine awareness. The Internet has become a fundamental tool in the day to day activities. Ignorance about vaccination contributes to low vaccination rates among adults (Lu et al., 2017). However, with the help of the Internet is possible to reach out to many adults and offer the lacking information about vaccination. Holding Internet campaigns with slogans to sensitize the public is one way that can work. Health
[ANSWERED 2023] Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources
Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches Discussion: Searching Databases When you decide to purchase a new car, you first decide what is important to you. If mileage and dependability are the important factors, you will search for data focused more on these factors and less on color options and sound systems. The same holds true when searching for research evidence to guide your clinical inquiry and professional decisions. Developing a formula for an answerable, researchable question that addresses your need will make the search process much more effective. One such formula is the PICO(T) format. In this Discussion, you will transform a clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. To Prepare: Review the materials offering guidance on using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided in the Resources. Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of interest to you for further study. By Day 3 of Week 4 Post your PICO(T) question, the search terms used, and the names of at least two databases used for your PICO(T) question. Then, describe your search results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provide examples. Readings Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. Chapter 2, “Asking Compelling Clinical Questions” (pp. 33–54) Chapter 3, “Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions” (pp. 55–92) Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworks for LIS professionals. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WS5N Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Library of Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help – Boolean operators and nesting. Retrieved September 19, 2018, from https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.html Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010a). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step in evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368959.11129.79 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: Step by step: Igniting a spirit of inquiry. American Journal of Nursing, 109(11), 49–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000363354.53883.58 Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010b). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Searching for the evidence. American Journal of Nursing, 110(5), 41–47. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000372071.24134.7e Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases. Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Databases A-Z: Nursing. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981 Walden University Library. (n.d.-c). Evidence-based practice research: CINAHL search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/cinahlsearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-d). Evidence-based practice research: Joanna Briggs Institute search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/jbisearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-e). Evidence-based practice research: MEDLINE search help. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/medlinesearchhelp Walden University Library. (n.d.-h). Quick Answers: How do I find a systematic review article related to health, medicine, or nursing? Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670 Expert Answer and Explanation Searching Databases The PICOT Question Perioperative outcomes are a major factor that affects the perceptions held by patients on helpful surgical procedures. With reported cases of poor postoperative outcomes, many patients who are scheduled to undergo surgery usually shy off opting to consider other forms of treatment which in some cases end up not being helpful. The application of the ERAS pathway has been hailed to be useful in improving the postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone a surgical procedure (Chiu et al., 2018). However, the implementation of this pathway is far from the ideal levels. It is for this reason that a clinical inquiry to find out the efficacy of the ERAS pathway in improving postoperative outcomes was conducted. The PICOT question used in the inquiry reads as follows, ‘In patients undergoing general surgery does the ERAS pathway as compared to the standard care assist to improve postoperative outcomes one week after the surgical procedure?’ In this case, the postoperative outcomes can be measured by assessing the length of hospital stay, pain scores, and the intensity scale of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PNOV) P – patients who have undergone general surgery, I– ERAS pathway C – standard pathway O – shorter hospitalization period, lower pain scores, and decreased intensity of PNOV. T – one week after the surgical procedure. Search Terms and Databases Used for the PICOT Question One of the steps of embracing an evidence-based approach is by conducting a thorough inquiry on a clinical issue to inform the implementation of a practical solution. To collect evidence, a search for valid and reliable research literature is encouraged (Melnyk et al., 2009). However, this process may not be as simple as it seems given the numerous articles available on different clinical issues. That is why the use of search terms in reliable article databases can prove useful. There are several databases that could be used to search for information regarding health topics. Since this specific problem involves the use of the ERAS pathway, nursing databases are the most suitable for searching for this kind of information. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews database is the first candidate, as it is known to have a vast collection of nursing articles. MEDLINE was also used in this search as it contains articles with a broad range of medical topics. Also, both databases are easily accessible from the Walden University Library. The search terms used included the ERAS pathway, ERAS
[ANSWERED 2023] Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations in your essay. Use strict APA guidelines to format the paper
Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your Module 1: Assignment Remember to submit your work following the file naming convention FirstInitial.LastName_M01.docx. For example, J.Smith_M01.docx. Remember that it is not necessary to manually type in the file extension; it will automatically append. Start by reading and following these instructions: Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling. Assignment: The History of Healthcare Finance. Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Support your ideas with at least three (3) scholarly citations in your essay. Use strict APA guidelines to format the paper. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount and an abstract and table of contents are not necessary and if included are not part of the overall word count. Healthcare finance has change drastically since 1950. Please discuss the changes that have occurred and the effect on healthcare delivery with each change. Expert Answer and Explanation The History of Healthcare Finance The US healthcare finance has experienced many changes over the past seventy years. Papanicolas et al. (2018) noted that rapid advances in medical technology and science, budget-busting increases in health care expenditures fueled by public and private insurance, and substantial gains in health outcomes attributable to medical care have marked the financial changes in the US healthcare system in the past seven decades. As the country struggles to get out of a multiyear economic and financial crisis, the public and policymakers have increasingly in on healthcare expenditures that are rising sharply (Waxman, 2012). In other words, since 1950, US healthcare finance has changed drastically regarding payment sources and objects of expenditure. This purpose has discussed the changes that have occurred in US healthcare finance since 1950 and how they have impacted healthcare delivery. In the 1950s, various changes in US healthcare affected healthcare finance. For instance, the Revenue Act of 1954 excluded employers’ contributions to workers’ health plans from taxable income (Permanyer & Scholl, 2019). This law impacted healthcare delivery by ensuring that employees received various health services. In 1956, the military program was enacted to provide health insurance to family members of officers of the Armed forces. The change improved the accessibility of care to family members of Armed forces officers. The 1960s marked a huge milestone in US healthcare finance. In 1960, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Plan (FEHBP) was formed to provide health insurance for federal workers (Permanyer & Scholl, 2019). This law improved federal workers’ access to care by reducing the cost of care. In 1965, President Johnson passed the Medicare and Medicaid programs and signed them into law, with Truman on his side. The two programs marked a fundamental healthcare finance change in the American healthcare system. Medicare Part A was designed to pay for home health care, limited skilled nursing, and hospital care. Optional Medicare Part B was to support paying for physician care. Medicaid was a separate program. It was designed to help states cover healthcare services for long-term care, the disabled, and people from poor classes (Waxman, 2012). Medicare was developed for people aged 65 years and above, people with End-Stage Renal Disease, and certain younger people with disabilities. The program pays for hospital and medical costs. Medicare Part A helps pay for a limited time at a skilled nursing facility after a hospital stay. This part also pays for some hospice and home health care (Malekinejad et al., 2018). Part B helps eligible people pay for services from care providers such as doctors, home health care, outpatient care, preventive services, and durable medical equipment. The program may also cover the cost of hearing, health and wellness programs, and dental care. It also pays for prescribed drugs. Medicaid was developed to provide health coverage to some people with limited resources and income. This program is run by states with the help of the federal government. The mandatory benefits the federal government requires states to provide include physician services, inpatient and outpatient hospital services, home health services, and laboratory and x-ray services, among others (Waxman, 2012). Optional benefits include case management, prescription drugs, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. The Medicare and Medicaid programs impacted healthcare finance by ensuring that older people aged 65 years and above, people with disabilities, individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease, and those with limited resources and finance access care at an affordable cost. Medicaid covers over 70 million American citizens today, and in 2014, it reimbursed about 50% of all hospitals’ medical expenses. The Congressional Budget Office forecasts that Medicare and Medicaid programs will survive indefinitely due to sweeping spending reforms that have been made. The Medicaid program was amended in 1967 to include additional services to the program. The amendment allowed the program to provide insurance coverage to Americans not receiving cash assistance. The amendment also added Early and Periodic Screening and Diagnostic Testing (EPSDT) to the program. In 1972, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was created. The program was created to provide monthly payments to children and adults with disabilities whose resources or income are below federal financial limits. The program also provided financial assistance to older people aged 65 and above without disabilities who meet the financial qualifications. This program impacted healthcare finance by providing older people and individuals with disabilities who are below the poverty line with the ability to access healthcare services at an affordable cost. The program pays for the care costs of people who meet eligibility criteria. Two years later, Hawaii Prepaid Health Care Act was passed. This act required employers in Hawaii to cover
[ANSWERED 2023] This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading feedback in your Professional’s Portfolio and use the following tag for your program
This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading Module 1: Assignment Benchmark Assignment This is a benchmark assignment for MISM Program students. Store your submission with any grading feedback in your Professional’s Portfolio and use the following tag for your program: MISM Tag: MISM-PG1 Assignment: Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be five sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount. What is systems thinking and how can management information systems enable and (possibly) improve business communications? When would you use a SWOT analysis to help you make business decisions? Why are competitive advantages temporary? What are Porter’s three generic strategies and how can a company add value by using Porter’s chain analysis? Define and Porter’s Five Forces model and explain each of the forces. Expert Answer and Explanation Business Management An organization’s success and continuity are based on the business management model applied to ensure success and development. Different organizations make use of other techniques that allow them to acquire competitive advantage and high market share. These techniques are essential since they promote better performance, increased productivity (Baltzan, 2018). Ensuring that performance mechanisms align with the structural overview helps create a culture, improve internal or external entities, and foster growth. Different tools can be applied to achieve proper business management, and each has a direct impact on the company’s outcome. Management Information Systems Currently, numerous organizations are slowly focusing on implementing technology in the day to day organizational practices. In this regard, system thinking entails an approach that focuses on understanding how one element can influence another as part of a whole (Al-Mamary, Al-Nashmi, Shamsuddin, & Abdulrab, 2019). The business model for business thinking entails integrations of a new system to an existing business model. The belief that the system’s integrated component differently can act if isolated from different design parts-various fundamental concepts make up the systems thinking process. Initially, the system requires interconnectedness, a mindset shift from a linear model of working to a circular motion. The other aspects include synthesis, combining of two or more items to discover a new entity (Al-Mamary et al., 2019). Feedback loops focus on communications, while causality is utilizing the cause and effect mechanism to determine the integration mechanism and proper system mapping. The systems thinking gives rise to a proper management information system that can improve business communications (El-Ebiary, Al-Sammarraie, Al Moaiad, & Alzubi, 2016). A management information system creates a platform to transform the communications infrastructure within an organization. Management information systems build an intranet that will avert the organization’s internal purposes, and communication through VOIP technologies. Through the intranet, the organization can ensure seamless and real-time communication that is secure and inaccessible by external entities (El-Ebiary et al., 2016). The information system can also facilitate the utilization of their communication channels such as company emails liked to the company domain, making it the company’s intellectual property in disputes or other management and administration aspects. SWOT Analysis A SWOT Analysis is a strategic analysis tool that can help comprehend both the internal and external factors affecting an organization and overcome these factors. The SWOT Analysis similarly focuses on business analysis, ensuring that an organization sets its objectives for a project and all the project factors identified (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). The SWOT analysis is an acronym for the four components it has towards managing projects and business development. These elements are the Strengths and Weakness making up for the internal strategies while the Opportunities and Threats representing the external entities that might affect the project implementation. Strengths The SWOT Analysis strengths comprise the attributes that a company does well and distinguishable among the competitors. These attributes are considered the building block and necessary for the organization (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). The strengths applied to the organization’s firm brand name, are its excellent reputation, employee motivation, and high market share. Weaknesses These are aspects of the organization that can prevent successful results from being attained. Weaknesses must have to be honest without concealing other attributes that have the potential to interrupt the attainment of success (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Factors that makeup weaknesses within an organization’s project include difficulties with communication, internal departmental rivalry, inadequate resources, or even the lack of financing. Opportunities As an external factor, opportunities are the organization’s elements or take advantage of by the organization to facilitate attaining the intended goals. Options range from human resources, equipment, technologies, and other attributes that are not part of the organization but can offer change (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Some of the opportunities include suppliers, vendors, company reputation from the consumer perspective, and the market conditions. Threats Threats are equally external factors but can affect the proper functionality of business operations. These obstacles occur daily and can easily damage the organization leading to numerous challenges for the organization. The SWOT analysis through the threats section identifies many of these issues, making it apparent to determine control measures (Gürel, & Tat, 2017). Threats range from challenges to supply, market trend changes, government regulations, and technological advancement. Competitive Advantage A business strategy’s primary goal is to develop a sustainable competitive advantage over competing products or other industry players. Competitiveness is essential in maintaining a larger market share and increasing the capacity of growth and development (Dagnino, Picone, & Ferrigno, 2016). Competitiveness can range from a greater return on assets, higher profit margins, valuable resources including unique competencies, or brand reputation, among many others; the identification and development of company competitive advantage are essential for
[ANSWERED 2023] Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model. How did you acquire knowledge? How did you process knowledge?
Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model. Module 1: Assignment Assignment: Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with 1-2 minutes of speaker notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, and multimedia enhancements which is located in the Resources tab. Title Slide (1 slide) Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model. How did you acquire knowledge? How did you process knowledge? How you generate knowledge? How did you disseminate knowledge? How did you use feedback and what was the effect of feedback on the foundation of your knowledge? (4 slides) How would you describe cognitive informatics (CI)? Reflect on a plan of care that you have developed for a patient. How could cognitive informatics be used to create tools to help with this important work? (2-3 slides) Take the self-assessment test on computer competencies offered at this URL: http://www.nursing-informatics.com/niassess/plan.html. How did you score? What are your areas of strengths and weaknesses related to computer competencies? (2-3 slides) References (1 slide) Expert Answer and Explanation Acquiring knowledge is nursing practice is supposed to be a continuous process. This is to facilitate the delivery of the best care to patients. according to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) nurses are knowledge acquirers. This means that nurses are supposed to look for efficient ways of capturing and storing knowledge. The more knowledge one can acquire, the more informed their decisions will be. In my clinical scenario, I was able to acquire knowledge using the following ways: The first was through observation – I was able to observe what other experienced nurses were doing and through their actions, I was able to acquire knowledge of how best to handle the patient whom I was tending to I was also able to acquire knowledge by reviewing evidence-based research on how best to handle the clinical situation I was handling. Learning from my peers was another strategy I used to acquire knowledge. Through discussions and sharing information, I was able to get a better grasp of the clinical situation. Knowledge processing involves accessing the acquired knowledge and considering how it can be applied in the clinical setup (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). In my clinical scenario, I was able to assess and diagnose the condition faced by the patient. From there I was able to relate the symptoms with the knowledge I had previously acquired from which was able to relate the symptoms displayed by the patient with possible health conditions and the suitable plan of care that could be applied to assist the patient recover. According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017), knowledge generation can be termed as the process of creating new knowledge from experience gained and through education. Initially, the clinical situation was posing challenges for me based on my limited knowledge of how best to handle the patient’s condition. However, I was able to apply the previously acquired knowledge and from it, came up with new methods of dealing with the situation. I can therefore say that I was able to generate new knowledge that can be applied in similar scenarios going forward. Linking up the new knowledge acquired and applying it into clinical practice Knowledge dissemination can be termed as the process of distributing the generated knowledge so that others can also learn from it. In nursing practice, dissemination of knowledge facilitates the advancement of nursing practice. There are various ways to disseminate knowledge including publishing it, applying it so that others can observe from the application, sharing the knowledge in meetings, to list a few (Wilke et al., 2018). In my clinical scenario, I was able to disseminate the newly generated knowledge by sharing it with my peers and applying the same in other situations so that others can also learn from it. I was also able to disseminate the knowledge by sharing it in nursing briefs and training sessions Cognitive informatics is a concept that is coined by borrowing knowledge from different fields. From its name, it can be said that it is a field that combines cognitive science, which is known as a field of study that analyzes the modeling and complexity of the human brain and how it functions (Laird, Lebiere & Rosenbloom, 2017). It also borrows knowledge from informatics, which is a field that entails the collection and processing of information using technology and technology systems Therefore, according to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017), cognitive informatics is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand how information is processed in the computer. Cognitive informatics as captured by McGonigle and Mastrian, (2017) has various applications in nursing practice. One of its applications is the development of effective and efficient health care systems. Such systems can play an instrumental role in improving nursing efficiency when delivering care to patients. Another use of cognitive informatics is that it can be used to understand how humans interact with health care technology Cognitive informatics can also be used to predict the nature of clinical activities which can be used to develop and improve clinical interventions. After taking the self-assessment test, I obtained a score of 91, which falls under the “very confident” scale that ranges from 87 to 100. People belonging to this scale are very confident in their abilities to apply technology to perform routine functions and increase their creativity when working. Such people also appreciate the unique value of information technology in conducting day to day activities. In general, it
[ANSWERED 2023] Each week contribute 150-200 words 1250-2,000 words total) to reflect and journal the professional practice, skills, and responses used in approaching or achieving the course
Each week contribute 150-200 words 1250-2,000 words total) to reflect and journal the professional Reflective Journal Learners must maintain a reflective journal integrating self-reflection and inquiry demonstrated in the current Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) course. General Requirements: Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment: Download the \”Reflective Journal Template,\” located in the DNP PI Workspace, for submission. A minimum of three peer-reviewed references published within the last 5 years is required. Doctoral learners are required to use the current APA style for their essay writing assignments. The current APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric before beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Materials if you need assistance. Directions: Each week contribute 150-200 words 1250-2,000 words total) to reflect and journal the professional practice, skills, and responses used in approaching or achieving the course objectives in the course syllabus and the AACN Essentials Doctoral Education of Advanced Practice (2006). Describe examples of your accomplishments or challenges experienced while taking the course. Align at least three of the AACN DNP Essentials to these experiences as provided in the \”Reflective Journal Template.\” Discuss additional resources discovered and new abilities that have influenced more optimal learning outcomes in the course. Lastly, describe and conclude how the competencies were approached or accomplished in this course. In addition to personal reflections about the course, the journal must reflect on at least three of the following AACN DNP Essentials: Essential I: Scientific Underpinnings for Practice Essential III: Clinical Scholarship and Analytical Methods for Evidence-Based Practice Essential IV: Information Systems/Technology and Patient Care Technology for the Improvement and Transformation of Health Care Essential V: Health Care Policy for Advocacy in Health Care Essential VI: Interprofessional Collaboration for Improving Patient and Population Health Outcomes Essential VII: Clinical Prevention and Population Health for Improving the Nation\’s Health Essential VIII: Advanced Nursing Practice Submit your reflective journal to both the course faculty using the course assignment dropbox and upload it into the Typhon Tracking System under the corresponding course section at the end of the course. Learners must submit this deliverable in Typhon and the LMS. Failure to submit in both locations can result in an Incomplete for the course. Expert Answer and Explanation Reflection The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) published the essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice last in 2006 (AACN, 2011). The essentials address the core foundational competencies in all ANP roles. However, the focus and depth of the essentials depend on the nursing role a student has partaken in. For instance, a student-focused on nursing leadership would improve their knowledge in systems and organizational leadership. DNP graduates should always reflect and document the essentials they have achieved in the course of their learning. The purpose of this assignment is to describe the essentials and reflect on how the course has helped achieve them. Achievements and Challenges I have achieved a lot since I started the course. One of the skills I have achieved in designing and evaluating quality improvement practices that can improve the target population’s health. Newman (2017) notes that the overall quality improvement in healthcare settings can improve the reliability and cost-effectiveness of healthcare delivery systems, thus enhancing patient outcomes. In my prospectus, I focused on improving the health of patients with diabetes and are obese. A study by Ahmed et al. (2017) showed that the readmission rate is high among patients with diabetes and are obese. Hence, my program aimed to help the patients improve their body weight and reduce readmission rates and other comorbidities related to obesity. I also improved my leadership skills during the course. The skills helped me design and advocate for various policies that impact the health of patients. I improved my communication skills which can help me further advocate for care policies. Thelen (2020) reports that communication is essential when it comes to policy advocacy. The author argues that nursing leaders should have proper communication skills to effectively communicate their policies to stakeholders. Another accomplishment is using nursing theories in improving patient care. I have learned various nursing theories that have improved my theoretical knowledge in nursing care. I learned that environment is a vital aspect of nursing care, and thus nurses should always ensure that healthcare settings contribute to the betterment of the patient health. Lastly, I have also accomplished much when it comes to the development and evaluation of research methodologies. I developed a research methodology for my DNP prospectus draft, which has improved my research methods knowledge. However, I also experienced challenges during the course. The main was analyzing data using SPSS. As a DNP graduate, I am supposed to know to analyze data using technological instruments. However, I found it so challenging to analyze data using SPSS. Another challenge was finding the right sources for my literature review. Resources Discovered and New Abilities I discovered various resources that I can use to improve patient care. One of the resources was the American Nursing Association. The ANA always publishes various resources that can be useful to nurses in the research and ANP sectors. The CDC is another vital resource I discovered in the course. It publishes resources about various diseases and innervations and can be vital for ANPs. AACN Essentials for DNP Essential 1: Scientific Underpinnings for Practice According to AACN (2011), the DNP program should apply terminal academic activities to prepare students for nursing practice. After the program, a nurse should know the laws and principles governing the well-being, life process, and optimal functioning of a human being when sick or well. The nurse should also know the nursing processes or actions used to positively affect changes in their health status after completing the program. I achieved this essential by learning various nursing theories that I would use to explain the functioning of human beings in either a healthy or sick state. One of the theories I have learned in the course is Environmental Theory by Florence Nightingale. According to
[ANSWERED 2022] Historians use different analytical methods to make sense of the past. Some focus on social and economic issues, such as class conflict or who profits from a particular policy choice
Historians use different analytical methods to make sense of the past. Some focus on social Debating the Annexation of the Philippines Historians use different analytical methods to make sense of the past. Some focus on social and economic issues, such as class conflict or who profits from a particular policy choice. Other historians focus more on culture to understand how ideas, values, and beliefs have shaped the actions of historical figures. For this assignment, we will examine how different analytical methods result in contrasting explanations for why the United States annexed and retained the Philippines following the defeat of Spain in 1898. For this exercise you have two tasks: Part 1: Compare the two secondary sources on why the United States annexed the Philippines. Part 2: Using primary sources, evaluate the arguments of the two secondary sources. Part 1: Comparing Secondary Sources Two secondary sources from different analytical perspectives are included below. In Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877–1919, Nell Irvin Painter of Princeton University weaves together economic and foreign-policy concerns with the lives of ordinary Americans to explain the annexation of the Philippines. Kristin L. Hoganson of the University of Illinois, a gender historian, explores the question of why the United States annexed the Philippines in Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. While both works contain elements of economic and cultural history, each historian emphasizes a particular analytical methodology. Compare the views of these two scholars by answering the following questions. Be sure to find specific examples in the selections to support your answers. According to each author, what problems in society did supporters of annexation think American control of the Philippines would solve? Which author focuses on economic explanations, and which author focuses on cultural explanations, to explain imperialist support for annexation? Do you think the authors’ arguments are contradictory or complementary? In other words, can they both be correct? Secondary Source 1 Nell Irvin Painter, “The White Man’s Burden” (1989) The foreign markets explanation sought the cause of depressions not in currency, distribution of wealth, or monopoly. The culprit, it seemed, was agricultural and industrial overproduction. Americans produced too much, it was said; it seemed to matter little that during the recent hard times thousands had run out of the very foodstuffs and manufactured goods reputedly overproduced. What was needed were new markets, especially in Asia, especially in the most populous country in the world, China. . . . While foreign markets had beckoned American businessmen for decades, this more urgent quest included the novel expectation that the government of the United States should play an active part in fostering exports. The Philippine Islands—like Hawaii—represented the perfect stepping-stones to China, stops along the way where coal burning ships bound for Asia could refuel. Expansionists saw the islands as the opportunity of the century. Manila might become an American version of Hong Kong, the British market city that tapped the markets and produce of South China. . . . For many Americans, expansion was the inevitable result of the machine age that had already filled up the continental United States and now seemed to demand the raw materials and foreign markets that overseas colonies promised. The vision of factories fuming nonstop and workers employed without interruption made this economic argument for annexation straightforward and persuasive. Source: Painter, Nell Irvin. Standing at Armageddon: The United States, 1877–1919. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1989. 146–147. Secondary Source 2 Kristin L. Hoganson, “The National Manhood Metaphor” (1998) Whether they imagined the Filipinos as savages, children, or feminine figures, imperialists regarded them as a means for American men to develop their ability to govern. One adherent of imperialism summed up this belief when he averred that “the necessities involved in the unexpected annexation of strange dependencies will call forth the governing faculty.” The savage, childlike, and feminine stereotypes appealed to imperialists because they not only suggested the Filipinos’ incapacity for self-government, but also enabled imperialists to cast themselves as civilizers and authoritative heads of household—that is, as men who wielded power. Heedful of British imperialists’ claims that empire made men and interpreting colonial endeavors as unparalleled challenges, imperialists looked to the Philippines to turn white, middle- and upper-class American men into what they considered to be ideal citizens—physically powerful men who would govern unmanly subordinates with a firm hand, men accustomed to wielding authority, men who had overcome the threat of degeneracy. . . . In response to the accusations that their Philippine policies violated the nation’s deepest convictions, imperialists brandished a national manhood metaphor. The youthful republic had become an adult, they declared, and should assume the responsibilities of a mature man. Rather than dwelling on its childish past, the nation should manfully shoulder its new obligations. . . . . Imperialists implied that failing to assume responsibility for dependents would reveal an unwillingness to advance from childlike dependency to paternalistic power. In short, it would reveal a lack of manhood in the nation. Source: Hoganson, Kristin L. Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine- American Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. 155, 157. Part 2: Using Primary Sources to Evaluate Secondary Sources When historians are faced with competing interpretations of the past, they often look at primary source material to help evaluate the different arguments. Four speeches follow, each by an American politician who supported U.S. annexation and rule over the Philippines. The first is from President William McKinley’s State of the Union speech following U.S. annexation of the Philippines and the start of the Philippine-American War. The second is from Henry Cabot Lodge, a Republican senator from Massachusetts who was a leading supporter of American imperialism. The third speech is from Albert Beveridge, senator from Indiana, who supported Lodge’s imperialist policies. And the last speech, from Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, was delivered twelve days prior to assuming the presidency following McKinley’s death. While these four politicians offer very different justifications for American annexation and rule over the Philippines, they were all
[ANSWERED 2023] Mrs. Cason brings her 10-year-old child to the clinic stating my son “just isn’t breathing right, he doesn’t want to play, he just sits on my lap or lays on the couch, and this happens all the time
Mrs. Cason brings her 10-year-old child to the clinic stating my son “just isn’t breathing Case Study Mrs. Cason brings her 10-year-old child to the clinic stating my son “just isn’t breathing right, he doesn’t want to play, he just sits on my lap or lays on the couch, and this happens all the time.” Appearance of both mother and child is disheveled. The child’s wheezing can be heard across the room. When asked if her son is better at any certain time of the day the mother responds: “It’s like this all the time and has been for the past year, we just don’t come to the doctor because we don’t have any money.” Mrs. Cason’s son was diagnosed of asthma. 1. Discuss short and long term treatment options for this child, inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists. Include rationale for your recommendations. 2.What is your educational plan for the child? Expert Answer and Explanation Case Study: Asthma Short and Long Term Treatment Options Mrs. Carson’s son is a case of newly diagnosed asthma. The child is visibly stabl12q12qe and without signs of acute exacerbations. However, he has had longstanding respiratory distress and has an audible wheeze. The initial management of the patient will revolve around the alleviation of symptoms and relief of the suffering due to the distress. White et al. (2018) recommends provision of short-acting beta-adrenergic agonist (SABA), more commonly salbutamol inhalation via a nebulizer, to enhance bronchodilation and provide relief to the patient. After that, the performance of spirometry is recommended once the patient has stabilized as subsequent management relies on the knowledge of the lung functionality (Mendes & Palmer, 2018; Horak et al., 2016). Mrs. Carson’s son will, therefore, be put after that on maintenance therapy with low dose pediatric inhaled corticosteroids. Provision of corticosteroids follows on the same guidelines, GINA (2015), which recommends provision of the same to children with SABA unresponsive asthma or those with asthma-related symptoms for more than three times a week. The latter provision fits the patient in this case. As regards the long term therapy, the patient will be put on long-acting inhaled corticosteroids to modify the course of the disease (Ballas, 2018). However, reviews should be done monthly to assess the improvement in lung function as well as look out for the adverse effects of prolonged steroid use (Ballas, 2018). Patient Education Involves the following: Informing the child and the mother that the condition warrants long term therapy. Explaining to them the correct use and disposing of the nebulizers to maximize therapeutic benefits. Describing to them the mechanism of control and measures to do so when the condition deteriorates. Talking to them about the importance of avoiding allergens. References Ballas, Z. K. (2018). Asthma clinical practice guidelines: Time for an update. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 142(3), 787. Horak, F., Doberer, D., Eber, E., Horak, E., Pohl, W., Riedler, J., … & Studnicka, M. (2016). Diagnosis and management of asthma–Statement on the 2015 GINA Guidelines. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 128(15-16), 541-554. Mendes, A., & Palmer, S. J. (2018). NICE overhauls asthma management and treatment recommendations. White, J., Paton, J. Y., Niven, R., & Pinnock, H. (2018). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma: a look at the key differences between BTS/SIGN and NICE. Thorax, 73(3), 293-297. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order FAQs Nasal spray for enlarged adenoids in adults Enlarged adenoids in adults can cause nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and recurrent sinus infections. While nasal sprays can help alleviate symptoms, they may not be the most effective treatment for significantly enlarged adenoids. If your adenoids are significantly enlarged, you should see an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist for evaluation and treatment recommendations. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both. However, if your symptoms are mild, a nasal spray may help reduce inflammation and congestion. Nasal steroid sprays such as fluticasone (Flonase) or mometasone (Nasonex) are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages. Saline nasal sprays or rinses can also help relieve congestion by flushing out mucus and allergens from the nasal passages. It’s important to follow your doctor’s recommendations and use nasal sprays as directed. Overuse of nasal sprays can lead to rebound congestion and other side effects, so it’s important to use them only as prescribed. Complications of adenoid hypertrophy Adenoid hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of the adenoid tissue located at the back of the nose and the roof of the throat. While adenoids are an important part of the immune system, when they become enlarged, they can cause several complications. Some of the complications of adenoid hypertrophy include: Difficulty breathing: Enlarged adenoids can obstruct the airway, leading to difficulty breathing through the nose. This can result in mouth breathing, snoring, and sleep apnea. Recurrent sinus infections: Enlarged adenoids can block the drainage of the sinuses, leading to recurrent sinus infections. Ear infections: Enlarged adenoids can also block the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. This can lead to fluid buildup in the middle ear, increasing the risk of ear infections. Speech and language problems: Enlarged adenoids can affect the resonance of the voice and lead to speech problems, such as hypernasal speech. Facial abnormalities: In rare cases, severe and prolonged adenoid hypertrophy can cause facial abnormalities, such as long, narrow facial structure or open-mouth posture. Malnutrition: In children, enlarged adenoids can lead to malnutrition because they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods and may prefer soft, easy-to-swallow foods. Dental problems: Enlarged adenoids can cause changes in the position of the teeth and jaw, leading to dental problems such as malocclusion or misaligned teeth. If you or your child are experiencing any of these complications, it’s important to see an ENT specialist for evaluation and treatment. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or a
[ANSWERED] A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need something to keep me from getting sick
A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need something to keep me from getting sick. Last year the doc gave me a shot, a spray, some pills, and an inhaler. They worked really well but I don’t remember what they were. Can I have those things again? I just can’t afford to miss work.” Please answer the following questions in a narrative format: 1–Discuss the epidemiology of allergies. 2—What are your treatment options (consider pharmacoeconomic)? Compare first and second-generation antihistamines. 3– What education will you provide to the patient? Expert Answer and Explanation Allergies Epidemiology of Allergies Epidemiology can be defined as the branch of medicine that studies diseases by identifying their distribution, risk factors, and possible control measures. According to a study done by Öçal, Muluk, and Mullol (2020), allergies affect more than 45% of school-aged people in the US. One of the most popular allergic diseases is allergic rhinitis. This disease affected more than 30% of the population across the globe as of 2018 (Öçal et al., 2020). The authors report that the allergy is caused by Immunoglobin E antibodies (IgE). When the body releases IgE at a higher rate, the antibodies with target the immune system and causes a reaction that produces chemicals that lead to an allergic reaction. The second most popular allergic condition is drug allergy. The research by Namysłowski et al. (2018) shows that one out of 10 people in the US is likely to suffer drug allergy. The rate of drug allergy is high in hospitalized patients. This disease accounts for about 1 in every 5 anaphylactic deaths. The risk factors of this allergy include the current health conditions of the population, the type of medication, and genetic factors. People with Acetylator status and HLA type genetic factors risk contracting drug allergy. The duration of drug administration and dose are also risk factors of the allergy. The last type of allergy is a food allergy. This disease has affected more than 40,000 children and 8% of adults in the US. The most common food allergy is caused by peanut, followed by milk (Chong & Chew, 2018). Other foods, such as eggs, tree nuts, soy, eggs, shellfish, fish, and grains with gluten, also cause food allergy. Treatment Options of Allergies This patient can be prescribed antihistamines to help fight the chemicals released during an allergic reaction. Tan, Sugita, and Akdis (2016) antihistamines can be used to relieve pain caused by different forms of allergies. The patient should be prescribed second-generation antihistamines. The second-generation antihistamines are appropriate in this situation because they are less central and can be used as antiallergic medications. However, H1antihistamines have central effects on the human body and can be used as sedatives to reduce pain. Over-the-counter antihistamine that should be considered in this situation is Zyrtec. This medication works faster and is also affordable compared to others. Allegra (fexofenadine), desloratadine (Clarinex), loratadine (Alavert) or Claritin can be used as alternative medications. Education Provided to the Patient First, the patient should be educated on how to avoid an allergic reaction. He can do this by trying to try as much as possible to avoid the allergic stimulus that can be avoidable. For instance, if the patient is allergic to dust, he or she should try hard to avoid dust. The second educational competency should focus on educating the patient about the names of the over-the-counter medications he can buy in case he is far from the medical facility (Farrokhi et al., 2017). The patient has visited the facility because he does not remember the medications; he was previously prescribed. Lastly, the patient can be educated about the medication schedule. The competency of this education program is to ensure that the patient maintains the medication schedule. References Chong, S. N., & Chew, F. T. (2018). Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in Asia. World Allergy Organization Journal, 11(1), 17. https://waojournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40413-018-0198-z?optIn=false Farrokhi, S., Abbasirad, N., Movahed, A., Khazaei, H. A., Pishjoo, M., & Rezaei, N. (2017). TLR9-based immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases. Immunotherapy, 9(4), 339-346. https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/imt-2016-0104 Namysłowski, A., Samoliński, B. K., Lipiec, A., Zieliński, W., Sybilski, A. J., Walkiewicz, A., … & Raciborski, F. (2018). The importance of specific IgE antibodies in epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma–the Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) survey: part one. Influence of allergy risk factors on concentration of specific IgE antibodies in serum. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 35(5), 520. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232542/ Öçal, R., Muluk, N. B., & Mullol, J. (2020). Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis. In All Around the Nose (pp. 297-301). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_33 Tan, H. T. T., Sugita, K., & Akdis, C. A. (2016). Novel biologicals for the treatment of allergic diseases and asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports, 16(10), 70. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11882-016-0650-5 Alternative Answer Epidemiology of Allergies Allergic reactions can worsen one’s health, and in the United States (U.S.), patients with some medical conditions including asthma can experience worsened health status following exposure to the allergies. These allergies are prevalent across the U.S., and their level of prevalence differ across different demographic populations. Allergic rhinitis, is one of these allergies, and it affects 7.8% of the U.S.’s population. Still, a close to 10% of the global population is likely to experience allergic reactions related to the use of certain drugs (Mathur & Viswanathan, 2014). In children and adolescents, 8% of cases involving food allergy occur in this group. Pharmacological interventions can help the 35-year-old patient. Recommending a prednisone medication to this patient can help reduce his risk of experiencing asthmatic attacks which occur because of the allergies. This medication is a cheaper alternative, and the patient may not have difficulty purchasing it. The patient can take the medication in different dosages depending on number of times they want to take the medication a day. Caregivers can recommend either first or
[ANSWERED 2023] AB a 21-year-old WF college student reports to your clinic with external bumps on her genital area. She states the bumps are painless and feel rough
AB a 21-year-old WF college student reports to your clinic with external bumps on her GENITALIA ASSESSMENT Subjective: CC: “I have bumps on my bottom that I want to have checked out.” HPI: AB a 21-year-old WF college student reports to your clinic with external bumps on her genital area. She states the bumps are painless and feel rough. She states she is sexually active and has had more than one partner during the past year. Her initial sexual contact occurred at age 18. She reports no abnormal vaginal discharge. She is unsure how long the bumps have been there but noticed them about a week ago. Her last Pap smear exam was 3 years ago, and no dysplasia was found; the exam results were normal. She reports one sexually transmitted infection (chlamydia) about 2 years ago. She completed the treatment for chlamydia as prescribed. PMH: Asthma Medications: Symbicort 160/4.5mcg Allergies: NKDA FH: No hx of breast or cervical cancer, Father hx HTN, Mother hx HTN, GERD Social: Denies tobacco use; occasional etoh, married, 3 children (1 girl, 2 boys) Objective: VS: Temp 98.6; BP 120/86; RR 16; P 92; HT 5’10”; WT 169lbs Heart: RRR, no murmurs Lungs: CTA, chest wall symmetrical Genital: Normal female hair pattern distribution; no masses or swelling. Urethral meatus intact without erythema or discharge. Perineum intact. Vaginal mucosa pink and moist with rugae present, pos for firm, round, small, painless ulcer noted on external labia. Abd: soft, normoactive bowel sounds, neg rebound, neg murphy’s, negMcBurney Diagnostics: HSV specimen obtained Using evidence-based resources from your search, answer the following questions and support your answers using current evidence from the literature. Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation. Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation. Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not? Would diagnostics be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis? Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature. Expert Answer and Explanation The diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases includes choosing the type of discharge, blood tests, urine tests, and the examination of other physical symptoms such as pain during sexual intercourse or burning sensations during urination. The similarity of the symptoms of different STIs makes it hard for healthcare givers to easily pinpoint the exact disease that the patient suffers from (Ball et al., 2017). A close assessment of the objective and subjective information of AB, a 21 y.o. pt. with the symptoms of STIs, helps to assess the truthfulness of the diagnosis provided as well as to provide her a preferential diagnosis. Subjective Data The patient has painless bumps in her genitalia, and these feel rough time to time. She does not have any abnormal vaginal discharge, and is unsure about the time the vaginal bumps appeared. However, she says she realized she has them about two weeks ago. Besides being sexually active since the age of 18, she says that she has had at least two sexual partners over the past one year. She has NKDA allergy, a past medical history of asthma, and she is also taking some medications including Symbicort. She also got Chlamydia at 19, and a pap smear conducted three years ago confirmed the absence of dysplasia. He has no breast cancer or cervical cancer history, but both parents have hx of HTN and GERD. The last part of the subjective information is that she has three children, abuses alcohol occasionally, but does not smoke. The additional subjective information could be assessing whether or not she is pre gnant. Objective Data The vitals of the patient are as follows: Temp 98.6; HT 5’10”; BP 120/86; P 92; WT 169lbs, and RR 16. Her hurt does not show visible signs of murmurs, and a CTA of the lungs shows that they are symmetrical. The genital assessment shows the absence of swellings or masses, intact urethral meatus, and normal hair distribution. Also, the vaginal mucosa is pink as expected, but there is rugae. Also, there is a painless ulcer on the external labia of the vagina. The abdominal assessment shows soft bowel sounds that are normative, neg murphies, and neg rebound. For the diagnostics, a HSV specimen is obtained. Much of the objective information was captured, but the assessor should have collected blood and urine samples to assess them. Support of the Assessment Following the assessment of the objective and subjective data, the patient is diagnosed to have chancer, which is right considering the individual symptoms in the genital mucosa characteristics. Painless sores also confirm the presence of the condition (Asai et al., 2020). The Appropriateness of the Diagnostics While the diagnostics could appear perfect for the scenario, I believe they were not as appropriate as they failed to include crucial assessments that would help in clarity of the diagnosis. Specifically, there should have been the obtaining of blood, fluid, and urine samples which could not only help to identify the illness, but would indicate the exact stage (Janssen et al., 2020). Rejecting the Diagnosis I would be quick to reject the diagnosis because the screening was not sufficient enough to make a decision. That is, there is need for further examinations of fluids such as saliva, vaginal discharge, urine, and blood to identify whether the patient had chancre or other sexually transmitted infections or several combined disorders (Abdool Karim et al., 2019). Differential Diagnosis In the differential diagnosis, I would consider HPV to be one of the candidates of further examination as it is evident the patient was not aware of the rough sores, which could be indicative of an overgrowth of sores (McCabe et al., 2017). Also, after asking the patient whether