[ANSWERED] A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need something to keep me from getting sick

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A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need something to keep me from getting sick

A 35-year-old comes to the clinic. He states, “It’s getting close to allergy season and I need something to keep me from getting sick. Last year the doc gave me a shot, a spray, some pills, and an inhaler. They worked really well but I don’t remember what they were. Can I have those things again? I just can’t afford to miss work.”

Please answer the following questions in a narrative format:

1–Discuss the epidemiology of allergies.

2—What are your treatment options (consider pharmacoeconomic)? Compare first and second-generation antihistamines.

3– What education will you provide to the patient?

Expert Answer and Explanation

Allergies

Epidemiology of Allergies

Epidemiology can be defined as the branch of medicine that studies diseases by identifying their distribution, risk factors, and possible control measures. According to a study done by Öçal, Muluk, and Mullol (2020), allergies affect more than 45% of school-aged people in the US. One of the most popular allergic diseases is allergic rhinitis.

This disease affected more than 30% of the population across the globe as of 2018 (Öçal et al., 2020). The authors report that the allergy is caused by Immunoglobin E antibodies (IgE). When the body releases IgE at a higher rate, the antibodies with target the immune system and causes a reaction that produces chemicals that lead to an allergic reaction.

The second most popular allergic condition is drug allergy. The research by Namysłowski et al. (2018) shows that one out of 10 people in the US is likely to suffer drug allergy.

The rate of drug allergy is high in hospitalized patients. This disease accounts for about 1 in every 5 anaphylactic deaths. The risk factors of this allergy include the current health conditions of the population, the type of medication, and genetic factors. People with Acetylator status and HLA type genetic factors risk contracting drug allergy.

The duration of drug administration and dose are also risk factors of the allergy. The last type of allergy is a food allergy. This disease has affected more than 40,000 children and 8% of adults in the US. The most common food allergy is caused by peanut, followed by milk (Chong & Chew, 2018). Other foods, such as eggs, tree nuts, soy, eggs, shellfish, fish, and grains with gluten, also cause food allergy.

Treatment Options of Allergies

This patient can be prescribed antihistamines to help fight the chemicals released during an allergic reaction. Tan, Sugita, and Akdis (2016) antihistamines can be used to relieve pain caused by different forms of allergies. The patient should be prescribed second-generation antihistamines. The second-generation antihistamines are appropriate in this situation because they are less central and can be used as antiallergic medications.

However, H1antihistamines have central effects on the human body and can be used as sedatives to reduce pain. Over-the-counter antihistamine that should be considered in this situation is Zyrtec. This medication works faster and is also affordable compared to others. Allegra (fexofenadine), desloratadine (Clarinex), loratadine (Alavert) or Claritin can be used as alternative medications.

Education Provided to the Patient

First, the patient should be educated on how to avoid an allergic reaction. He can do this by trying to try as much as possible to avoid the allergic stimulus that can be avoidable. For instance, if the patient is allergic to dust, he or she should try hard to avoid dust. The second educational competency should focus on educating the patient about the names of the over-the-counter medications he can buy in case he is far from the medical facility (Farrokhi et al., 2017).

The patient has visited the facility because he does not remember the medications; he was previously prescribed. Lastly, the patient can be educated about the medication schedule. The competency of this education program is to ensure that the patient maintains the medication schedule.

References

Chong, S. N., & Chew, F. T. (2018). Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in Asia. World Allergy Organization Journal, 11(1), 17. https://waojournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40413-018-0198-z?optIn=false

Farrokhi, S., Abbasirad, N., Movahed, A., Khazaei, H. A., Pishjoo, M., & Rezaei, N. (2017). TLR9-based immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases. Immunotherapy, 9(4), 339-346. https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/full/10.2217/imt-2016-0104

Namysłowski, A., Samoliński, B. K., Lipiec, A., Zieliński, W., Sybilski, A. J., Walkiewicz, A., … & Raciborski, F. (2018). The importance of specific IgE antibodies in epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma–the Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) survey: part one. Influence of allergy risk factors on concentration of specific IgE antibodies in serum. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 35(5), 520. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232542/

Öçal, R., Muluk, N. B., & Mullol, J. (2020). Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis. In All Around the Nose (pp. 297-301). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_33

Tan, H. T. T., Sugita, K., & Akdis, C. A. (2016). Novel biologicals for the treatment of allergic diseases and asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports, 16(10), 70. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11882-016-0650-5

Alternative Answer

Epidemiology of Allergies

Allergic reactions can worsen one’s health, and in the United States (U.S.), patients with some medical conditions including asthma can experience worsened health status following exposure to the allergies. These allergies are prevalent across the U.S., and their level of prevalence differ across different demographic populations.

Allergic rhinitis, is one of these allergies, and it affects 7.8% of the U.S.’s population. Still, a close to 10% of the global population is likely to experience allergic reactions related to the use of certain drugs (Mathur & Viswanathan, 2014). In children and adolescents, 8% of cases involving food allergy occur in this group.

Pharmacological interventions can help the 35-year-old patient. Recommending a prednisone medication to this patient can help reduce his risk of experiencing asthmatic attacks which occur because of the allergies. This medication is a cheaper alternative, and the patient may not have difficulty purchasing it.

The patient can take the medication in different dosages depending on number of times they want to take the medication a day. Caregivers can recommend either first or second generation antihistamines to manage allergies (Loo & Wark, 2016). The two, however differ, based on their usefulness. For instance, the former can help in the treatment of the allergy issues as well as for the purpose of sedation. The latter is purely used as an anti-allergy medication.

Patient education for the patient in the case would focus on empowering them to become aware of self-care practices, and how they can reduce exposure to the allergies. First, I would recommend to the patient to consider ventilating their rooms so that they can reduce their risk of exposure to the triggers of the asthma attacks(Loo & Wark, 2016). Another clinical advice would include reminding the patient to adhere to their medications so that they reduce their chances of experiencing these attacks.

References

Loo, S. L., & Wark, P. A. (2016). Recent advances in understanding and managing asthma. F1000Research, 5, F1000 Faculty Rev-2052. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9236.1.

Mathur, S. K., & Viswanathan, R. K. (2014). Relevance of allergy in adult asthma. Current allergy and asthma reports, 14(5), 437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-014-0437-5.

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FAQs
ventolin for covid cough
inhaler for covid tight chest
can i use my inhaler if i have covid
can covid make asthma worse long term
asthma and covid 2022
allergy shot reaction when to worry
covid and asthma death rate
i have covid and asthma

Ventolin for COVID cough

Ventolin (albuterol) is a medication commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions by opening up the airways to make it easier to breathe. However, it is not recommended for treating a cough caused by COVID-19. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, and Ventolin is not an antiviral medication. While it may help open up the airways and make breathing easier, it will not treat the underlying viral infection. If you have a cough caused by COVID-19, it's important to follow the advice of your healthcare provider, which may include rest, hydration, and medications to manage your symptoms. You should also follow public health guidelines to prevent the spread of the virus, such as wearing a mask, washing your hands frequently, and avoiding close contact with others.

Inhaler for covid tight chest

If you are experiencing tightness in your chest due to COVID-19, it's important to seek medical attention from a healthcare provider. They can evaluate your symptoms and determine the appropriate treatment plan. While inhalers may be used to relieve symptoms of asthma or other respiratory conditions, they may not necessarily be effective for treating chest tightness caused by COVID-19. COVID-19 is caused by a viral infection, and inhalers are not antiviral medications. Your healthcare provider may recommend other treatments such as medications to manage your symptoms, oxygen therapy, or in severe cases, hospitalization. It's important to follow their advice and treatment plan to ensure proper care and recovery. Additionally, following public health guidelines such as wearing a mask, washing your hands frequently, and avoiding close contact with others can help prevent the spread of the virus.

Can covid make asthma worse long term?

There is still much to learn about the long-term effects of COVID-19 on people with asthma. However, it is known that some people with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma may experience more severe symptoms if they contract COVID-19. In some cases, COVID-19 may cause long-term respiratory effects such as shortness of breath or lung damage. If someone with asthma experiences severe COVID-19 symptoms, this could potentially lead to long-term effects on their asthma. However, the extent of the impact and the duration of the effect is still being studied. It's important for individuals with asthma to take extra precautions to avoid contracting COVID-19, such as following public health guidelines, practicing good hand hygiene, and getting vaccinated when possible. If you have concerns about how COVID-19 may impact your asthma, it's important to discuss them with your healthcare provider who can provide personalized guidance and recommendations.

Allergy shot reaction when to worry

Allergy shots, also known as immunotherapy, are a type of treatment that involves injecting small amounts of allergens under the skin to help the body build up immunity to them. Like any medical treatment, there is a risk of side effects and reactions, and it's important to know when to seek medical attention. The most common reaction to allergy shots is redness, swelling, and itching at the injection site. This is usually mild and goes away within a few hours. However, some people may experience more severe reactions, such as:

Wheezing or difficulty breathing
Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Feeling lightheaded or faint
Nausea or vomiting

If you experience any of these symptoms after an allergy shot, you should seek immediate medical attention. In some cases, severe reactions such as anaphylaxis can occur, which is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt treatment. It's also important to inform your healthcare provider if you experience any reactions to allergy shots, even if they are mild. They may adjust your treatment plan or monitor you more closely during future injections to help minimize the risk of further reactions.

Covid and asthma death rate

Individuals with asthma may be at a higher risk of severe illness and death if they contract COVID-19. However, the exact death rate for individuals with both asthma and COVID-19 is difficult to estimate because it depends on many factors, including the severity of the individual's asthma, their age, and other underlying health conditions. Some studies have suggested that individuals with asthma who contract COVID-19 may have a higher risk of hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation, and death compared to those without asthma. However, it's important to note that the risk of severe illness and death is still relatively low for individuals with asthma who contract COVID-19. To minimize the risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19, individuals with asthma should take extra precautions to protect themselves, such as following public health guidelines like wearing a mask, washing their hands frequently, avoiding close contact with others, and getting vaccinated when possible. It's also important to work closely with a healthcare provider to manage their asthma and other underlying health conditions to help minimize the risk of severe illness or complications from COVID-19.