Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.
Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership Statistical application and the interpretation of data is important in health care. Review the statistical concepts covered in this topic. In a 750-1,000 word paper, discuss the significance of statistical application in health care. Include the following: Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership. Consider your organization or specialty area and how you utilize statistical knowledge. Discuss how you obtain statistical data, how statistical knowledge is used in day-to-day operations and how you apply it or use it in decision making. Three peer-reviewed, scholarly or professional references are required. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Applied Statistics for Healthcare Profession Statistical analysis in the health department helps in decision making and predictions since it gives a trend that healthcare providers can follow to better administer services (Frost, 2021). The information collected from the observations and measurements majorly describe the characteristics of the sample population at hand. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of statistical application in healthcare. Application of Statistics in Healthcare Health statistics are important since they provide information that assists in the allocation of medical resources such as funds that are vital for research purposes. The quality of patient care is hence improved along with better policies and techniques for infection control (Baylina et al., 2018). When analysts use statistical methods correctly, accurate results are guaranteed since this type of analysis caters to errors and uncertainty in the results. In quality control, statistical analysis methods are used to monitor, measure, and maintain the overall value of products. The results obtained in turn help processes such as manufacturing to ensure less wastage and time taken to manufacture medicine. Healthcare providers in this case work to ensure effective goods are produced and services are efficiently offered. In healthcare, statistics help to understand how secure and safe working environments are since they narrow down to the group of workers most vulnerable (Boserup et al., 2020). Given this information, improvements in the areas that are considered dangerous to the healthcare provider are made to ensure good services are offered all around. Health promotion benefits largely from statistical analysis in healthcare since the trends laid down by statistical methods, provide reliable data that greatly assist in the allocation of private and public finances and this affects how research is carried out (Baylina et al., 2018). The statistical analysis method is an important component in the needs assessment sector since budget expenses presented to various governing boards are properly used and can be accounted for. Healthcare leadership can be greatly improved by the use of statistical methods (Fox-Tatum, 2021). Identification of trends and specific trails can ensure leaders being chosen can be relied on by other staff members. Available information on the leaders guaranteed by the help of statistical analysis helps the healthcare organizations to be confident in the success of the healthcare organization. Acquisition and Usage of Statistical Data Acquisition of Statistical Data There are several processes to acquire information that can be used in statistical analysis in the healthcare profession. One of the means is data mining. This is a process of acquiring specific information or data from a large pool of data (Kumar et al., 2019). The process of data mining involves the stages of defining the information, finding the exact pieces of information being sought, and extracting the information from the large pool of data. In this whole process, the information is recovered, merged, managed, and prepared for analysis. The resultant information following data mining is then analyzed and organized in a usable format (Kumar et al., 2019). After this process, patients and the professionals in the healthcare department benefit since the mined information can be refined to finer detail hence improving the overall status of healthcare for both the professional and the patients. Usage of Statistical Data Statistical knowledge can be used day to day in the healthcare profession. With this range of statistical information, individuals can monitor medical expenses on a day-to-day basis, healthcare costs, and hospital statistics. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, statistical data is used by both healthcare professionals and even patients and other individuals to identify the trend of occurrences (Boserup et al., 2020). A lot of statistical issues are vital in the analysis of public health information in the healthcare profession. When it comes to decision-making, statistical data plays a big influential factor. Given that statistical analysis involves the process of collecting data samples, and analyzing the data sample to discover patterns and trends to predict what could potentially happen next, the decision that comes thereof is guaranteed to be well thought through (Kumar et al., 2019). In the healthcare profession, good decisions are a product of good statistics. Having a strong baseline of facts aids in minimizing the risks of healthcare challenges. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper has discussed the significance of statistical analysis for the healthcare profession. Statistical analysis for healthcare professions is vital since it majorly influences how safety, quality, health promotion, and leadership can be improved. With the information obtained through data mining, cleaned, analyzed, and stored, the healthcare profession is guaranteed that information given is purely factual and statistical and how it influences the overall performance of the profession is secure. References Baylina, P., Barros, C., Fonte, C., Alves, S., & Rocha, Á. (2018). Healthcare workers: Occupational health promotion and patient safety. Journal of medical systems, 42(9), 1-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1013-7 Boserup, B., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.)
Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with Source: USAHS TOPIC 1 DQ 1: Explain the role of the community health nurse in partnership with community stakeholders for population health promotion. Explain why it is important to appraise community resources (nonprofit, spiritual/religious, etc.) as part of a community assessment and why these resources are important in population health promotion. TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Discuss how geopolitical and phenomenological place influence the context of a population or community assessment and intervention. Describe how the nursing process is utilized to assist in identifying health issues (local or global in nature) and in creating an appropriate intervention, including screenings and referrals, for the community or population. Expert Answer and Explanation: TOPIC 1 DQ 1 Population Health Promotion Population health promotion is the process of developing promotional messages and actions that can be used in educating people against certain health issues or prevention. Community health nurses and other community stakeholders, such as church leaders, local political leaders, and NGOs’ have vital roles in ensuring that population health promotion programs successes. Community health nurses are responsible for conducting studies and finding heath issues that ail the community population (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Also, they are responsible for developing promotion models that can be used to conducting health promotions. The community nurses in collaboration with other community leaders can search for funds to support population health promotion programs. The other community stakeholders, such as local politicians are responsible for developing and enacting policies that can ensure the success of health promotions (Watterson, 2017). Stakeholders such as church leaders can provide financial support for running of the health promotion. Appraising community resources, such as religious and nonprofit resources is so vital. Appraising community resources can help the community population understand the value of their resources, and this can motivate them to take care of them. Also, resource appraisal can help community leaders understand how they can distribute funds to run various health promotion programs within the community. Corley et al. (2016) argue that appraisal or evaluation can also help in curbing corruption and misuse of community funds and resources. Community resources should be regularly apprised because they are so vital in health promotion programs. For instance, the resources, such as community halls can be used in holding meetings and seminars during health education programs. References Corley, A. G., Thornton, C. P., & Glass, N. E. (2016). The role of nurses and community health workers in confronting neglected tropical diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 10(9), e0004914. Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic nursing, 36(1), 12. Watterson, A. (Ed.). (2017). Public health in practice. Macmillan International Higher Education. Alternative Answer and Explanation Role of Community Health Nurse The community is one of the main focuses for community health nurses. The healthcare sector conducts various community interventions which have to factor in a number of issues, the role of a community health nurse is crucial for any event involving the community as they have the necessary medical skills (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). The partnership between the community and the nurse can help create the necessary various roles to be performed by the nurse. For instance, the nurse is skilled and can easily identify issues affecting society and come up with means to offer remedies to these issues. The role focuses on the identification of needs, problems, and priorities for families, individuals, and other members of the community in general (Bigi & Bocci, 2017). Based on the information, the nurse can then formulate intervention plans for a municipal health and implement the plan within the community. The role of the nurse is also associated with appraising various community resources to evaluate whether they meet the requirements for operation. Every community action and resource need to be appraised for various reasons (Egbujie et al., 2018). For instance, appraisal for a nonprofit organization can assess whether the institution has the capacity to deliver on the purpose and whether they are aware of the issues that are being addressed. Appraisal of religious or spiritual groups focuses on the need for the provision of accurate information to the masses and correlates the data with the goals of the community action (NSU, 2017). These resources are important as they provide additional support, personnel, and other key services that are required for a holistic care delivery process. The healthcare sector comprises a number of key players and combining the resources for the betterment of the community. References Bigi, C., & Bocci, G. (2017). The key role of clinical and community health nurses in pharmacovigilance. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 73(11), 1379-1387. Egbujie, B. A., Delobelle, P. A., Levitt, N., Puoane, T., Sanders, D., & van Wyk, B. (2018). Role of community health workers in type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management: A scoping review. PloS one, 13(6), e0198424. NSU. (2017). The Nurse’s Role in Community Health. Northeastern State University Online. https://nursingonline.nsuok.edu/articles/rnbsn/nurses-role-in-community-health.aspx TOPIC 1 DQ 2: Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Process Community or population assessment and intervention can be influenced by many factors including phenomenological and geographical factors. Geographical and phenomenological factors can influence the financial or budgetary aspect of an intervention or assessment. For instance, a disease that has affected a large geographical area, a lot of funds will be used in implementing or assessing the impacts of the illness (Tan, 207). Different phenomena are solved in different ways. Thus, phenomenological factors can affect an intervention or assessment by determining the methods that will be used in the assessment or implementation of the intervention. Rabelo‐Silva et al. (2017) mention that the two factors can also affect the time of intervention implementation and assessment. For instance, the time that will be spent in implementing an intervention to prevent a disease in a whole country differs from the implementation of the same intervention in a single state. The nursing process involves many actions. The actions include researching, planning, diagnosis, assessment, and evaluation of health-related issues. The nursing process has largely been used in identifying health issues. For instance, nurse researchers have been used to research and identify certain health issues in society. Also, nurses have been used in assessing, evaluating, and reporting health issues to the public and government. Diagnosis is
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook
Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative Search the GCU Library and find three different health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook. Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis 1” template. Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 1,” for an example of an article analysis. Expert Answer and Explanation Article Analysis-Quantitative Research in Healthcare The three different health care articles from GCU that use quantitative research include the following: Article Citation and Permalink (APA format) Solvik, E., & Struksnes, S. (2018). Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice. Nursing Research and Practice, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8984028 Wong, H., Karaca, Z., & Gibson, T. B. (2018). A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 004695801880090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018800906 Point Description Description Broad Topic Area/Title Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs Identify Independent and Dependent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables Independent variable: Training nursing skills Dependent variable: Nursing students experience before and after clinical practice Independent variable: Hospital costs Dependent variable: Physician influence on hospital costs The population of Interest for the Study The population of the study involved nursing students in their first year of bachelor’s program. The population entailed both female and male students. The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2008 State Inpatient Databases(SID) for Arizona and Florida. The target population in these states was physicians. Sample For the sampling, 160 students participated. They were divided into two classes whereby class 1 (N=79) was identified as the control group, and class 2 (N=81)was the project group. Samples were collected from various hospitals in 2 states with over 15,237 physicians. These were Arizona and Florida, where the research and 2.5 million hospital visits. Sampling Method The implemented sampling method was the use of questionnaires to be filled out by each student before submission. These questionnaires were answered in six-month intervals, one after the training session and the second after the clinical practice. The questionnaires were also coded with numbers such that the numbers represented a specific student and the class affiliation. The hierarchy model or framework was applied to collect and analyze the samples on the number of variations attributed to physicians’ characteristics on the hospitalization cost. The sampling method was designed to control physician characteristics, patient demographics, clinical risks, hospital attributes, and socioeconomic traits. Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode; Standard Deviation) Identify examples of descriptive statistics in the article. A total of 160 nursing students were invited to participate in the study on their experiences before and after clinical practice. 158 students carried through to populating the questionnaires, with 96 (61%) of them responding. 45% were from the control group, while 55% came from the project group. The results identified that the average cost of inpatient hospital visits was $9171 and $8679 for non-teaching hospitals. Out of the 15237, 7993 physicians worked at teaching hospitals, and 2995 were involved in both settings. The average age for all physicians was years. Females covered 26.5% of the participant population. A third of the population graduated from medical school. 16.4% of the sample population were satisfied board surgeons, while 31.7% had internal medicine certification. Inferential Statistics Identify examples of inferential statistics in the article. The study determined that the clinical lab exercises were an effective way to facilitate the practice. 47% of the students responded that they should have prepared better. 85% agree that they were capable of mastering a bed bath with an actual patient in practice after the session. The average cost for female physicians was $2264 lower when compared to the costs of patients visiting male physicians. Also noticed was that the average cost for foreign-trained physicians was $1191 less than physicians who graduated from medical colleges. Kumar, S., Syed, N., Jaykumar, S., Prem, V., Karvannan, H., Karthikbabu, S., & Sisodia, V. (2012). Study of nurses′ knowledge about palliative care: A quantitative cross-sectional survey. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.100832 Description Study of Nurses’ Knowledge about Palliative Care: A Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey Independent variable: Palliative Care Dependent variable: Nurses Knowledge Participants for this study were from the various multispecialty hospitals, including those taking professional development programs exclusive for a nurse. All participants needed to provide an approved consent letter before participation. Those who did not provide consent did not proceed with the study. The survey was done for 363 nurses from multispecialty hospitals. This was taken on healthcare professionals currently taking programs for professional development. The used sample method was the implementation of a self-report questionnaire which was filled individually by the participants. The questionnaire was developed by Nakazawa et al., and it entailed 20 items to be fully answered. All questions were related to palliative care. Participants were to respond by mentioning either correct, incorrect, or unsure. The questionnaires were also sectioned into subsections of philosophy, pain, dyspnea, psychiatric problems, and gastrointestinal problems. Out of the 392 distributed and collected questionnaires, 363 were valid. This reflected a response rate of 92.6%. The bigger population was female with a number of 323 (89%) while the male was 40 in number (11%). The participants were also represented differently from different parts of the health facility. From the ward were 154 participants (42.4%), Intensive care unit, 142 people (39.1%), Outpatient unit had 2 people (0.6%), and Other who were 65 in total (17.9%) The overall score of the study was 35.8%, with philosophy covering 36.5%, pain 34.83 dyspnea 28.25%, psychiatric problems 45.75%, and gastrointestinal problems 34%. Generally, females scored more than males with a slight difference. It was also identified that the knowledge about pain was minimal as only 35% of
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. In their role, PMHNPs can ensure a smooth transition from emergency mental health care to follow-up care, and also bridge the physical–mental health divide in healthcare. In this week’s Assignment, you explore legal and ethical issues surrounding psychiatric emergencies, and identify evidence-based suicide and violence risk assessments. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about psychiatric emergencies and the ethical and legal issues surrounding these events. The Assignment In 2–3 pages, address the following: Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released. Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state. Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts. Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source. Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Expert Answer and Explanation Mental Health Laws in Texas There are various guiding PMHNP when providing mental health services to patients. Mental health laws play a significant role in the integration of mental health in primary health care, community integration of people with mental health problems, and provision of high-quality care. In the US, states have different laws prescribing how their citizens should be handled when mental health emergency occurs. The state that will be focused on in this assignment in Texas. The legislative body of Texas has enacted various guiding PMHNP on how to provide mental health services among various populations. It is the responsibility of PMHNP to understand these laws and follow them to avoid legal problems. This assignment has discussed legal and ethical principles regarding mental health emergencies in the state of Texas. Texas Laws The law guiding involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies is known as the Texas Health and Safety Code – HEALTH & SAFETY § 574.014 (FindLaw.com, 2021). The involuntary psychiatric holds can be initiated by an adult by applying detention, evaluation, and treatment of the individual with the county courts. A law enforcement officer is also allowed to detain an individual they believe to be a threat due to substance abuse or mental disorders and transport the individual to a mental health facility for evaluation for admission under their police powers. Mental health facilities recognized by the Department of Mental Health can initiate the process of holding a patient if they believe that the individual has a serious mental health problem and needs emergency psychiatric treatment (FindLaw.com, 2021). Mental health professionals allowed to begin an on-site civil involuntary detention for an individual in need of emergency mental health care include psychiatric residents, licensed physicians, psychiatrists, licensed professional counselors, a qualified addiction professional, and PMHNP. An individual should only be detained for 72 hours, excluding holidays and weekends (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, if the psychiatrist still believes that the individual needs further treatment beyond 72 hours, they can begin a court hearing to get court permission to continue holding the patient. The mental health professional can release the emergency hold if they believe that the individual does not need emergency care (FindLaw.com, 2021). The emergency hold can be picked by their family members or people they chose. Differences Emergency hospitalization for psychiatric hold or evaluation can be initiated by an adult, a police officer, or a health professional qualified to handle mental health services. This process does not need a court order (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, for a person to be committed to receiving mental health services as an inpatient or outpatient, a court order must be sought. The guardian or applicant must go to court and seek a court order. The individual patient must also be given a chance to explain themselves (FindLaw.com, 2021). Therefore, the difference is emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold does not need a court order while inpatient and outpatient commitment need a court order. Capacity and Competency In the mental health context, capacity is a clinical determination and functional assessment of a specific decision that can be made by a health professional who has interacted with the patient’s case (Keene et al., 2019). However, competency is a legal determination and global assessment made in court by a judge. In other words, competency is determined by a judge while capacity by a health professional (Keene et al., 2019). HIPAA Privacy Rule HIPAA privacy rule requires that healthcare professionals protect patients’ information and prevent unauthorized persons from accessing them (Edens et al., 2018). The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with the courts during hearing on whether the patients should receive involuntary inpatient or outpatient care. The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with patient’s family member when the patient is incapacitated ad cannot make informed decisions (Edens et al., 2018). Suicide Risk Assessment The suicide risk assessment tool I could use to screen patients is the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale. This tool is validated to be used in adults, adolescents, and children (Matarazzo et al., 2019).
Max is an 80-year-old male with a history of gastroesophagea
Max is an 80-year-old male with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypertension (HTN) CC: “I have stomach pain.” HPI: Max is an 80-year-old male with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypertension (HTN), and a pacemaker placed 10 years ago for third-degree heart block. He presents today with a complaint of abdominal pain. You suspect a bowel obstruction in Max, an 80-year-old patient with complaints of cramping abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 4 days. Describe six (6) ROS questions you would explore further with him to determine the location, severity, and timing of his pain. PE: On exam, the abdomen appears distended, Max has generalized tenderness over the epigastric region on palpation. He is guarding so the exam is limited. Bowel sounds are decreased. His vital signs are normal. He describes his abdominal pain as 7/10. As the APRN, you order an abdominal x-ray. Test results: The abdominal x-ray is indeterminate. What are your next diagnostic choices to determine a bowel obstruction in this patient? List at least three differential diagnoses for abdominal pain. The CT scan shows that Max has a small bowel obstruction. What is your next step? Expert Answer and Explanation Focused SOAP Note Small Intestine Obstruction Patient Information: Max, 80 years, male, African American S CC: “I have stomach pain.” HPI: Max is an 80-year-old male of African American origin who came to the health clinic complaining of abdominal pain. The pain is located in the abdominal area. It started four days ago. The character of pain is cramping and intermittent. Associated signs include nausea and vomiting. The patient notes that the severity of the pain is 7/10. Current Medications: No medications. Allergies: No food, dug, or environmental allergies. PMHx: Past major illnesses include hypertension (HTN), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and a pacemaker placed 10 years ago for third-degree heart block. He does not remember when he took tetanus or pneumonia shots. Soc and Substance Hx: He took alcohol in his thirties and quit over 45 years ago. He comes from a working family. No history of illicit drug or tobacco use. He says that he has smoke detectors in his house and wears seat belts while driving. His support system is his son and two daughters. Fam Hx: His father died from colon cancer. His mother died from type II diabetes. His older son died in an accident at the age of 28. His second child has type two diabetes. His grandchildren are healthy. Surgical Hx: He reports a knee operation at 33 years old. Mental Hx: No mental health disorder diagnosis and treatment. No history of self-harm. Violence Hx: No history of violence. Reproductive Hx: He is sexually inactive and has no reproductive health. ROS GENERAL: He reports fatigue and weakness. No fever or chills. HEENT: Eyes: No visual loss. Ears, Nose, Throat: No congestion, sneezing, hearing loss, sore throat, or runny nose. SKIN: No rash or itching. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest discomfort, pressure, pain, or edema. RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath. GASTROINTESTINAL: No diarrhea or anorexia. GENITOURINARY: No burning on urination. NEUROLOGICAL: No dizziness, headache, paralysis, or syncope. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint or muscle pain. HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia. LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes. O Physical exam: Vitals: BP 139/92, Temp 35, P 78, Ht. 5’9, Wt. 87kgs. Cardiovascular: No cracks in the chest. No edema. Respiratory: No breathing distress. No wheezes or crackles. No fluids in the lungs. Genitourinary: No urinary retention. No renal angle tenderness. No tender bowel loops. No abdominal masses. Gastrointestinal: Bowel sounds absent on inspection. Distension of the abdomen on auscultation. Diagnostic results: The abdominal x-ray is indeterminate. Since an x-ray is indeterminate, a CT scan should be ordered. A CT scan combined with X-ray images. Dou et al. (2022) noted that a CT scan combined with multiple X-ray images will show intestinal obstructions. Blood test: A blood test will be used to identify whether the patient has intestinal infections. A Differential diagnoses: Small intestine obstruction: The primary diagnosis for this case is small intestine obstructions. According to Jackson and Cruz (2018), the symptoms of small intestine obstructions include vomiting, crampy abdominal pain and comes and goes, constipation, loss of appetite, swelling of the abdomen, and inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement. Small intestine obstruction is the main diagnosis because the patient complains of crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting which are major symptoms of the disease (Jackson & Cruz, 2018). Physical exam results (bowel sounds absent on inspection, distension of the abdomen on auscultation) also show that the patient has a small intestine obstruction. Appendicitis: The second diagnosis is appendicitis. The symptoms of appendicitis include flatulence, loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea, sudden pain that starts in the lower abdomen, pain that worsens when one coughs, diarrhea and constipation, low-grade fever and might increase if the illness progresses, and abdominal bloating (Talan & Di Saverio, 2021). The disease has been included because the patient reports abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting which are part of the clinical manifestations of appendicitis. However, it is a secondary diagnosis because the patient does not have a low-grade fever, diarrhea, or pain in the lower abdomen. Intestinal Infection: The last diagnosis is an intestinal infection. The symptoms of intestinal infection include headache, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, and fever (Guo et al., 2021). The disease has been ruled out because the patient does not have a headache or fever. P The patient will be recommended to undergo a CT scan combined with a series of X-ray images of the small intestine. The patient will also undergo blood tests. These tests will help identify the actual disease affecting the patient. Since it is suspected that the patient has small intestine obstructions, he should be hospitalized (Ten Broek et al., 2018)). The pain should be stabilized by placing an intravenous (IV) line into the patient’s arm so that he can be given fluids. Abdominal swelling should be relieved by putting a nasogastric tube inside the patient’s nose into his stomach to suck out fluids
Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Consid
Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses. Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment. In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Research Critique Guidelines – Part II (Quantitative Studies) Dealing with postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting is one of the issues that patients encounter after surgical procedures that affect their comfort and satisfaction and outcomes. Dealing with these challenges can affect the recovery process of the patient and may even prolong the discharge period. Several studies have tried to pinpoint different interventions that can assist in dealing with the issue of postoperative pain nausea and vomiting, with each having different results. The PICOT question, therefore, aimed to establish whether in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia, does giving preoperative analgesic and antiemetics decrease pain, nausea and vomiting postoperatively and provide better patient outcomes as compared to not receiving preoperative meds. Quantitative Studies To answer the PICOT question, this paper selected two quantitative research studies that had evidence-based interventions of dealing with postoperative pain nausea and vomiting. The selected studies were conducted by Elgohary et al. (2017) and Chetna et al. (2014). Some of the elements identified from the studies are detailed in the subsequent sections Background The first quantitative article reviewed was an article by Elgohary et al. (2017). The study wanted to carry out a comparison between the effectiveness of the ERAS program and the conventional perioperative care in patients who have undergone elective colorectal surgery. The author notes that the ERAS program has been revolutionary is assisting patients who have undergone colorectal surgery, among other surgical procedures, to respond better to stress and improving postoperative outcomes. The authors also note that the main aim of the ERAS pathway is to reduce the duration of hospitalization and allow the patient to recover quickly. However, the adoption of the program, especially in developing countries, has been slow despite sufficient evidence showing the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, the authors wanted to carry out a supportive investigation on the effectiveness of the ERAS pathway in patients after undergoing elective colorectal surgery. The findings collected in this study holds major significance in nursing practice since the results collected will facilitate the adoption of the ERAS pathway as a viable intervention in improving postoperative patient outcomes. The main aim of the research conducted by Elgohary et al. (2017), was to examine the feasibility and safety of the ERAS pathway in elective colorectal surgery. The research question identified from this objective can be quoted as “is the ERAS pathway feasible and safe for use in patients who have undergone elective colorectal surgery. The second quantitative study selected was conducted by Chetna et al. (2015). The study elaborated on the use of gabapentin for postoperative pain relief for patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. The researcher noted that in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgeries, postoperative pain not only causes them distress but also leads to inadequate respiratory effort and cough reflexes, therefore, a need to have a pain relief strategy. The authors go further to site the efficacy of gabapentin in dealing with pain on patients who have undergone other types of surgical procedures. Therefore, the study was purposed at identifying whether the drug will still be effective in dealing with postoperative pain, for patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. The findings obtained in that research are relevant in enhancing patient recovery period and outcomes by eliminating postoperative pain, and in turn, improving respiratory efforts and cough reflex of the patient. The research question used in the study can be quoted as follows “How effective is gabapentin in reducing postoperative pain in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery?” How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose? The main aim of the PICOT question was to establish viable methods of dealing with postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting. The two articles provide evidence-based interventions on how postoperative pain can be dealt with. The first article by Elgohary et al. (2017) focuses on the ERAS pathway on reducing postoperative pain while the second article by Chetna et al. (2015) focuses on gabapentin on dealing with postoperative pain in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. The finding on both studies will be used as a basis of assessing the effectiveness of using preoperative analgesics and antiemetics to decrease pain, nausea, and vomiting in patients postoperative as intended by the PICOT question. The first study was majorly focused on patients who have undergone elective colorectal surgery, while the second article was focused on patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. For both studies, the participants were placed in two groups. The first study by Elgohary et al. (2017) used the conventional recovery pathway as their comparison group, while the second study placed their comparison group under placebo. The intervention groups were placed under different perioperative pain regimen. This will be the same approach to be used by the PICOT question, with the difference being the target participants. The PICOT question used adult patients who had undergone general anesthesia
Identify your selected healthcare concern in your city or
Identify your selected healthcare concern in your city or state that needs your advocacy Identify your selected healthcare concern in your city or state that needs your advocacy with an elected official. What is the impetus and rationale for your selection? What is your solution to this concern? Describe the model of policy making that you feel would be best applied to your policy concern and the rationale for selecting this model. Expert Answer and Explanation The selected Healthcare Issue and Rationale for the Selection Mental health is the selected concern, and it encompasses various mental disorders and conditions. Examples are depression, phobia and schizophrenia. There is disparity in access to the mental health services, and people with mental health problems often face discrimination. In Texas, these concerns can impede efforts focused on meeting the health needs of people with mental illnesses. This is a key rationale for the selection of the mental illness as a problem that requires advocacy (Boehme, Biehl, & Mühlberger, 2019). Another reason why healthcare professionals need to advocate for the issue is to help reduce mortality rates based on mental health concerns. The Solution for the Concern The key solution for this concern is the expansion and funding of programs focused on increasing screening and treatment of people with mental health problems. In this case, it is important to call for the state government to allocate more funds into programs which address this particular health concern. The funds can be used to purchase medications, and resources which create awareness about mental health problems. However, subsidizing costs of treating this healthcare concern, through government-managed insurance plans, can equally help address the problem (Li et al., 2021). The Suitable Model of Policy Making and Rationale The institutional model would apply to the policy concern. Under this model, the authority lends legitimacy to the laws, and these laws equally apply to everyone. This is the rationale for the selection of the model. Using this model, the government can come up with policies which require the allocation of resources and funds to help manage the mental health challenges (Niedziałkowski & Putkowska-Smoter, 2020). It can use the local authorities or agencies which are responsible of enforcing the laws. References Boehme, S., Biehl, S. C., & Mühlberger, A. (2019). Effects of Differential Strategies of Emotion Regulation. Brain sciences, 9(9), 225.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090225. Li, Y., Scherer, N., Felix, L., & Kuper, H. (2021). Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 16(3), e0246454.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246454. Niedziałkowski, & K., Putkowska-Smoter, R. (2020). What makes a major change of wildlife management policy possible? Institutional analysis of Polish wolf governance. PLoS ONE 15(4), e0231601. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231601. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written from scratch by our expert level assignment writers. Other Solved Questions: SOLVED! How would your communication and interview SOLVED! Describe the difference between a nursing practice SOLVED! Discuss how elimination complexities can affect SOLVED! Case C 38-year-old Native American pregnant ANSWERED! In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two [ANSWERED] Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes [ANSWERED] Post a description of the national healthcare ANSWERED!! Explain how you would inform this nurse ANSWERED!! In a 4- to 5-page project proposal written to the Dan Palmer – About MeI am a professional nursing assignment expert offering comprehensive academic support to university nursing students across various institutions. My services are designed to help learners manage their workload effectively while maintaining academic excellence. With years of experience in nursing research, case study writing, and evidence-based reporting, I ensure every paper is original, well-researched, and aligned with current academic standards. My goal is to provide dependable academic assistance that enables students to focus on practical training and career growth. Contact me today to receive expert guidance and timely, high-quality nursing assignment help tailored to your academic needs. academicresearchbureau.com/dan-palmer-rn/
Reflect on the mission, vision, values, and goals of your
Reflect on the mission, vision, values, and goals of your healthcare organization and provide examples of how individual employees, departments Assignment: This assignment has two parts: an essay and a business plan. PART I – develop an essay to address the following information: Reflect on the mission, vision, values, and goals of your healthcare organization and provide examples of how individual employees, departments, and work units support all four of these as a foundation for directional strategies. Describe positive and negative aspects of abandoning traditional healthcare strategic planning processes and adopting a contemporary approach. How does complexity influence budget strategies and their implementation? Give examples. Discuss the process of external and internal environmental analyses, and then speculate on scenarios that may result if these steps in strategic planning are omitted or are not done well. Discuss mechanisms that nurse manager can use to ensure they make the best decisions for supporting the financial goals of the organization. PART II – develop a Business Plan Identify an opportunity for implementing a new service or a cost-reducing idea in your organization and write a business plan to describe your idea: explain the need (why) for it, identify stakeholders (who) will be impacted, discuss the benefits versus the disadvantages, describe the costs/expenses for the idea, and outline the implementation plan. Expert Answer and Explanation PART 1: Strategic Healthcare Management Planning is a concept that is used every day in our personal lives and the same behavior also translates into the management of organizations. The top leadership of organizations usually formulate strategies to meet the mission and vision of their organization. It is important because with every organizational activity, risk and resources are usually involved and they have to be adequately managed lest the organization loses its ability to function properly. The purpose of this paper will be to expound on different aspects concerning the application of strategic management practices in healthcare. Support for Mission Vision, Values, and Goals The organization is usually driven by its mission, vision, values, and goals formulated. The efforts of all individuals and organs functioning within the organization should be aligned to realize the accomplishment of these elements. A mission statement is one that highlights where the organization is going (Cronin & Bolon, 2018). For example, the mission for the healthcare facility I work for is “to provide quality and compassionate healthcare accessible to everyone.” Vision on the other hand is the future position of where the organization wants to be, while the values are the beliefs and practices uphold by the organization (Lahey & Nelson, 2020). The values for the organization I work for include teamwork, integrity, excellence, innovation, and compassion. Our goals are aligned to meet the said mission and vision of the organization while using our core values during our transactions with other stakeholders. The role of individual employees, departments, and work units in accomplishing this mission is to ensure that they channel all their efforts into fulfilling this mission. This includes identifying and removing any barriers that may hinder collaboration or promote conflicts due to differences in personal goals and objectives (Lahey & Nelson, 2020). It is also the role of individual employees and work teams to collect information on behalf of the organization on what other competing organizations are doing to accomplish goals employees can also support all the four elements by ensuring that they align how they discharge their duties with the values of the organization. Impact of Adopting a Contemporary Approach to Strategic Planning Strategic planning was developed due to the increased complexity of how the economy and organizations operate (Esfahani et al., 2018). The used traditional approach was a systematic process that emphasized on the mission and vision of the organization without considering other factors as equally important. The processes also involved coming up with the short term, medium, and long-term objectives, which were to be followed to the latter to gain a competitive edge. However, this approach had its drawbacks which made it be abandoned for a contemporary approach that was considered to be more responsive to the current business environment (Grube & Crnkovich, 2017). One of the positive aspects of abandoning the traditional approach to strategic management and transitioning to the contemporary approach is that a more responsive process that factors in day to day operational issues is considered. This means that organizations can easily make adjustments to their strategic decisions based on the current changes in operations. Another positive aspect of adopting a contemporary approach is that it treats strategic planning as a process and not an event (Grube & Crnkovich, 2017). This means that it is continuous and adjustable to changes in both the internal and external organization environment. The negative aspect is that the contemporary approach does not offer a predictable methodology or timeframe to strategic planning as it was with the traditional approach. Budget Strategies The current environment in the management of healthcare organizations has become more and more complex with increasing risks and stakeholders to transact with. This has also made healthcare financial managers restructure their methods to adjust to these complexities; this includes the budget-making process and implementation. One of the complexities has been the adoption of the contemporary approach to strategic planning that requires adjustment of organizational strategies with changes in the internal and external business environments (Walsh, 2016). Given that these adjustments can be abrupt, it becomes difficult to forecast and give accurate budgetary figures in an environment of uncertainty (Hill, 2016). Another factor is the addition of more stakeholders involved in decision making. This means that more data needs to be collected to make accurate budgetary forecasts which can also be time-consuming (Hill, 2016). As such, there is also a likelihood that the budget implementation timelines will also be affected. Process of External and Internal Environmental Analyses In the strategic management process, one of the core steps is to carry out an internal and external organization analysis. This allows the organization to collect its efforts in response to the findings of the two analyses. The process of carrying out environmental analysis is a five-step process that includes; first an analysis of the external environment (Esfahani et al., 2018). This
Mrs. J is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of
[ANSWERED] Mrs. J is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) It is necessary for an RN-BSN-prepared nurse to demonstrate an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiological processes of disease, the clinical manifestations and treatment protocols, and how they affect clients across the life span. Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mrs. J., presented below. Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below. Health History and Medical Information Health History Mrs. J is a 63-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and has done so for 40 years. Three days ago, she had sudden onset of flu-like symptoms including fever, productive cough, nausea, and malaise. Over the past 3 days, she has been unable to perform ADLs and has required assistance in walking short distances. She has not taken her antihypertensive medications or medications to control her heart failure for 3 days. Today, she has been admitted to the hospital ICU with acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of COPD. Subjective Data Is very anxious and asks whether she is going to die. Denies pain but says she feels like she cannot get enough air. Says her heart feels like it is “running away.” Reports that she is exhausted and cannot eat or drink by herself. Objective Data Height 175 cm; Weight 95.5kg. Vital signs: T 37.6C, HR 118 and irregular, RR 34, BP 90/58. Cardiovascular: Distant S1, S2, S3 present; PMI at sixth ICS and faint: all peripheral pulses are 1+; bilateral jugular vein distention; initial cardiac monitoring indicates a ventricular rate of 132 and atrial fibrillation. Respiratory: Pulmonary crackles; decreased breath sounds right lower lobe; coughing frothy blood-tinged sputum; SpO2 82%. Gastrointestinal: BS present: hepatomegaly 4cm below costal margin. Intervention The following medications administered through drug therapy control her symptoms: IV furosemide (Lasix) Enalapril (Vasotec) Metoprolol (Lopressor) IV morphine sulphate (Morphine) Inhaled short-acting bronchodilator (ProAir HFA) Inhaled corticosteroid (Flovent HFA) Oxygen delivered at 2L/ NC Critical Thinking Essay In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mrs. J.’s situation. Include the following: Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J. Discuss whether the nursing interventions at the time of her admissions were appropriate for Mrs. J. and explain the rationale for each of the medications listed. Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition. Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide a rationale for each of the interventions you recommend. Provide a health promotion and restoration teaching plan for Mrs. J., including multidisciplinary resources for rehabilitation and any modifications that may be needed. Explain how the rehabilitation resources and modifications will assist the patients’ transition to independence. Describe a method for providing education for Mrs. J. regarding medications that need to be maintained to prevent future hospital admission. Provide rationale. Outline COPD triggers that can increase exacerbation frequency, resulting in return visits. Considering Mrs. J.’s current and long-term tobacco use, discuss what options for smoking cessation should be offered. You are required to cite to a minimum of two sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Patient Assessment and Treatment One’s physiological wellbeing depends on a wide range of factors including lifestyle behaviors. The prolonged use of the psychotic substances, for example, can expose one to the risk of developing health problems, and the nature of the medical condition one develops depends on the substance they use. For instance, smoking tobacco exposes smokers to the risk of developing respiratory issues. Equally, the type of food one eats and their levels of physical activity can have a certain level of impact on their physiological wellbeing. It is imperative to explore the case of patient with COPD, in terms of the effectiveness of the intervention she receives, and examine the contributors to the heart failure. Mrs. J’s Clinical Manifestations Based on the Mrs. J’s medical history and subjective data, she exhibits a number of clinical manifestations. One of these manifestations is the acute exacerbation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Another clinical manifestation present in the patient is acute decompensated heart failure. These two conditions explain the reason why she experiences difficulties breathing, and her heart rate is irregular. She has Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Mrs. J also shows sign of hypertension considering that her blood pressure level is 90/58, and this is more than the 120/80 average (Lin et al., 2016). Additionally, the patient has fever, and besides this fever, she cannot perform Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). She coughs blood-tinged sputum, and this indicates a possible respiratory problem. Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Nursing Interventions Mrs. J takes a number of medications to help promote her recovery, and while these medications are effective, some may not be necessary in her case. She takes IV furosemide, and this intervention is appropriate based on her case. This is because this medication would help relieve her heart failure problem by helping improve the heart’s blood-pumping capacity. Given the patient’s
A mother comes in with 9 month old girl. The infant is 68.5cm
A mother comes in with 9 month old girl. The infant is 68.5cm in length (25th percentile per CDC growth chart) DQ1: Consider the following patient scenario: A mother comes in with 9 month old girl. The infant is 68.5cm in length (25th percentile per CDC growth chart), weighs 6.75kg (5th percentile per CDC growth chart), and has a head circumference of 43cm (25th percentile per CDC growth chart). Describe the developmental markers a nurse should assess for a 9–month–old female infant. Discuss the recommendations you would give the mother. Explain why these recommendations are based on evidence-based practice. DQ 2: Child abuse and maltreatment is not limited to a particular age—it can occur in the infant, toddler, preschool, and school-age years. Choose one of the four age groups and outline the types of abuse most commonly seen among children of that age. Describe warning signs and physical and emotional assessment findings the nurse may see that could indicate child abuse. Discuss cultural variations of health practices that can be misidentified as child abuse. Describe the reporting mechanism in your state and nurse responsibilities related to the reporting of suspected child abuse. DQ 1: Expert Answer and Explanation Health Assessment for Infant For a 9 month female infant at 25th percentile of height and head circumference, yet only in the 5th percentile in terms of weight demystifies that the infant is underweight. The CDC provides essential developmental markers that a nurse should consider when assessing the nine-month-old female infant (CDC, 2019). For instance, at the age of 9 months, the infant ought to have developed social and emotional markers such as being afraid of strangers, recognizing favorite toys, and being clingy to familiar adults. Communication makers include the ability to copy sound or gestures, use finders to point, and understanding “no.” In terms of the cognitive and physical development, the infant should be able to watch the path of a falling object, put items in mouth, move objects from one hand to the other, sit without support, crawling, and standing while holding on to something (CDC, 2019). The assessment can also include the nutritional and dieting aspect of the infant. As a nurse, I would recommend improvements regarding nutrition and diet, increased movements, and mental alertness. The recommendation is in light of the infant’s underweight appearance. I would first discuss with the mother the importance of a proper diet and nutritional value to the growth of the baby both physically and mentally (Green, 2018). I will also inquire about the breastfeeding routines if the infant is being given other formulas that improve their growth. It is essential for the mother to comprehend the relevance of breastfeeding and the type of food that an infant can begin to eat after the six months following the delivery. It is also essential to offer the mother nutrition awareness materials such as handouts so that she can refer and offer the child with appropriate meals for weight gain. References CDC. (2019). What developmental milestones is your 9-month-old reaching? Retrieved 18 May 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-9mo.html Green, S. (2018). Health assessment: Foundations for effective practice. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs434vn/health-assessment-foundations-for-effective-practice/v1.1/ Alternative Expert Answer Developmental Markers for a 9-Month Old Baby When assessing a 9-month old female infant for any developmental issues, a nurse has to look at the developmental markers for a child at this age. On average, a female baby at this age weighs 8.2 kg. For a child at this age, still, their average length is 70.1 cm, and the size of their head is 44.5 cm. Although a baby starts to crawl when they reach this age, not all crawl when they hit 9 month after birth, and they may start walking after the 12 month. The baby also sits, babbles and express interest in picking things. Additionally, they reach for objects while sited, and they may pool themselves up using tables or chairs (Tandon, 2017). The child may express anxiety when separated from their parents. When examining this child, the nurse would need to take to consideration the fact that a baby at 9 months can respond to their name, and they know their parents (Breiner et al., 2016). The baby in the case seems to be experiencing the developmental issues. The baby’s weight is 6.75 kg which is lower than the average 8.2 kg. Their length is 68.5 cm, and this is slightly below the average length of 70.1 cm for female babies at this age. The circumference of her head is also slightly lower than that the average. As a nurse, I would recommend to the parent to encourage the baby to move. This would be important in helping build the baby’s muscles. The parent may hold the baby’s hands and pull them while they walk together (Tandon, 2017). It is also important for the parent to consider feeding the child a meal rich in protein so that the child gets to meet her nutritional needs. This would help her gain weight. These recommendations can translate to better clinical outcomes because a number of studies link practice and nutrition to the improved child development (Tandon, 2017). References Breiner, H., Ford, M. A., Gadsden, V. L., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). (2016). Parenting matters: Supporting parents of children ages 0-8. Washington: National Academies Press. Tandon, M. (2017). Early Childhood Mental Health: Empirical Assessment and Intervention from Conception through Preschool, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Amsterdam: Elsevier. DQ 2: Expert Answer and Explanation Child Abuse and Maltreatment Child neglect is the most common form of child abuse that school going children go through. The maltreatment has the capacity to negatively affect all aspects of their lives while in school. Poor grades and low self-esteem are some of the negative results of this form of maltreatment in school-going children (Zeanah, & Humphreys, 2019). Physical abuse is the second form of child maltreatment that is common in school-going children. Physical abuse may present itself in different forms. Beatings, stabbing, punching and kicking are ideal examples of physical abuses meted upon school going children. There are
