Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment
Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Discussion: Workplace Environment Assessment How healthy is your workplace? You may think your current organization operates seamlessly, or you may feel it has many issues. You may experience or even observe things that give you pause. Yet, much as you wouldn’t try to determine the health of a patient through mere observation, you should not attempt to gauge the health of your work environment based on observation and opinion. Often, there are issues you perceive as problems that others do not; similarly, issues may run much deeper than leadership recognizes. There are many factors and measures that may impact organizational health. Among these is civility. While an organization can institute policies designed to promote such things as civility, how can it be sure these are managed effectively? In this Discussion, you will examine the use of tools in measuring workplace civility. Post a brief description of the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Based on the results, how civil is your workplace? Explain why your workplace is or is not civil. Then, describe a situation where you have experienced incivility in the workplace. How was this addressed? Be specific and provide examples. Assignment: Workplace Environment Assessment Clearly, diagnosis is a critical aspect of healthcare. However, the ultimate purpose of a diagnosis is the development and application of a series of treatments or protocols. Isolated recognition of a health issue does little to resolve it. In this module’s Discussion, you applied the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory to diagnose potential problems with the civility of your organization. In this Portfolio Assignment, you will continue to analyze the results and apply published research to the development of a proposed treatment for any issues uncovered by the assessment. To Prepare: Review the Resources and examine the Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory, found on page 20 of Clark (2015). Review the Work Environment Assessment Template. Reflect on the output of your Discussion post regarding your evaluation of workplace civility and the feedback received from colleagues. Select and review one or more of the following articles found in the Resources: Clark, Olender, Cardoni, and Kenski (2011) Clark (2018) Clark (2015) Griffin and Clark (2014) The Assignment (3-6 pages total): Part 1: Work Environment Assessment (1-2 pages) Review the Work Environment Assessment Template you completed for this Module’s Discussion. Describe the results of the Work Environment Assessment you completed on your workplace. Identify two things that surprised you about the results and one idea you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Explain what the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace. Part 2: Reviewing the Literature (1-2 pages) Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. Explain how your organization could apply the theory highlighted in your selected article(s) to improve organizational health and/or create stronger work teams. Be specific and provide examples. Part 3: Evidence-Based Strategies to Create High-Performance Interprofessional Teams (1–2 pages) Recommend at least two strategies, supported in the literature, that can be implemented to address any shortcomings revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Recommend at least two strategies that can be implemented to bolster successful practices revealed in your Work Environment Assessment. Expert Answer and Explanation Work Environment Assessment Summary of Results – Clark Healthy Workplace Inventory From the Clarks healthy workplace inventory, the results indicated that my workplace is very healthy with a score of 81 according to the inventory ratings (Clark, 2015). Some of the key features that ranked highly included appreciation of collective achievement, teamwork and collaboration, fair and respectful treatment of employees to list a few. The attributes that seemed lacking according to the inventory were improvement of organization culture, a comprehensive mentoring program for all employees, and allocation of adequate resources for professional growth and development. The results from the inventory had most of the items reviewed in the 4 scores (somewhat true). Identify two things that surprised you about the results. Also, identify one idea that you believed prior to conducting the Assessment that was confirmed. Before taking the inventory, I was quite sure that my workplace environment was quite healthy but on carrying out the inventory, I found it surprising that some key areas were seemingly lacking which I never considered in my earlier assumption. I also found it surprising that. I was also surprised to find several key areas that could be improved from an organizational standpoint that I would have otherwise overlooked, which are essential in the development of a healthy work environment. what might seemingly seem as a flawless workplace environment may actually have some areas that stain the health of the workplace environment. However, the results confirmed my belief in the health status of my workplace environment which I considered as being favorable. What do the results of the Assessment suggest about the health and civility of your workplace? The results indicate that the environment I work in is quite favorable and civil but with some room for improvement. It also shows that the civility experienced is a result of mutual respect for one another and the organizational policies in place that do not tolerate incivility. Briefly describe the theory or concept presented in the article(s) you selected. Explain how the theory or concept presented in the article(s) relates to the results of your Work Environment Assessment. The theory highlighted in an article by Clark (2015) highlights the aspect of encouraging open communication and conversations within the workplace as a way of developing a healthy and civil environment. The article reiterates that many nurses often fail to engage with uncivil colleagues at times when candid conversations are needed. Others often fail to express their concern of incivility especially when expressed by someone with a higher authority, and such cases at times can prove detrimental to patient outcomes. Therefore,
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader
Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader Many of us can think of leaders we have come to admire, be they historical figures, pillars of the industry we work in, or leaders we know personally. The leadership of individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and Margaret Thatcher has been studied and discussed repeatedly. However, you may have interacted with leaders you feel demonstrated equally competent leadership without ever having a book written about their approaches. What makes great leaders great? Every leader is different, of course, but one area of commonality is the leadership philosophy that great leaders develop and practice. A leadership philosophy is basically an attitude held by leaders that acts as a guiding principle for their behavior. While formal theories on leadership continue to evolve over time, great leaders seem to adhere to an overarching philosophy that steers their actions. What is your leadership philosophy? In this Assignment, you will explore what guides your own leadership. To Prepare: Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments. Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review. Reflect on your results of the CliftonStrengths Assessment, and consider how the results relate to your leadership traits. Download your Signature Theme Report to submit for this Assignment. The Assignment (2-3 pages): Develop and submit a personal leadership philosophy that reflects what you think are characteristics of a good leader. Use the scholarly resources on leadership you selected to support your philosophy statement. Your personal leadership philosophy should include the following: -A description of your core values -A personal mission/vision statement -An analysis of your CliftonStrengths Assessment summarizing the results of your profile -A description of two key behaviors that you wish to strengthen -A development plan that explains how you plan to improve upon the two key behaviors you selected and an explanation of how you plan to achieve your personal vision. Be specific and provide examples. Expert Answer and Explanation Personal Leadership Philosophy Almost every popular leader practices behaviors which hinge on their personal leadership philosophy. One’s personal values shape how this behave, and for leaders, leadership philosophy can provide the framework for guiding how they relate with various stakeholders, and how they conduct themselves. An individual’s philosophy does not however reflect only in their behaviors, but in their personal mission statement as well (Khoshhal & Guraya, 2016). It is imperative, therefore, to explore personal leadership philosophy of an effective leader with emphasis on core values, profile strengths and behaviors. Core Values My philosophy for leadership is based on honesty, integrity and open-mindedness, and this philosophy is the anchor for my core values. I believe that a person in position of leadership has to be honest so that they be open in performing their roles. By being open, the leader makes it possible for the followers to be aware of what the leader wants and the approach to pursuing leadership objectives. I also hold in high esteem the ethical principles which guide behaviors, and personally, I feel that every leadership has to be an individual of integrity and set an example to the followers. Besides, I accept divergent views and opinions because this is one of the ways in which individuals can learn (Allen et al., 2016) Personal Vision My personal vision intertwines with my moral philosophy of respect for what others feel and think. People’s cultural identities diverge, and because of the divergence in individuals’ cultural beliefs and values, conflicts can occur while the leader exercises their leadership role especially when working with people with whom they culturally differ. I believe that people in leading positions can prevent organizational conflicts by leading the way in respecting people other cultures and the divergent views. On their part, a leader should strive to found out about the teaching and values from other cultures so that they can involve every follower, irrespective of their culture, in promoting organizational vision (Marshall & Broome, 2017). Clifton Strengths Assessment Reflecting on the outcomes from self-evaluation using the Clifton Strengths Assessment (CSA), I consider myself an effective communicator, an empathetic person and a strategist. While communicating a point, I tend to put together my thoughts and feelings in a way that others may understand whatever I message I convey. I believe that everyone has their weakest link, and for this reason, I tend to express empathy to people who make mistakes, and help them correct these mistakes. As a strategist, I study organizational situations, and apply my leadership knowledge to address any issue which arise in the organization. Behaviors that I wish to Strengthen While exhibit strengths when it comes to executing leadership functions, I need to make adjustments to the way I handle tasks and manage relationships. I tend to lose focus by taking multiple tasks, and I am also poor when it comes to relating with some employees. I always handle more than two tasks at once, and this can be overwhelming for me. In future, I will need to handle tasks, one at a time so that I avoid undesirable outcomes such as failing to properly complete tasks (Duggan et al., 2015). A Development Plan for Improvement of Behavior The intervention plan to change the undesirable behavior integrates various elements including the goals which the plan seeks to attain. In this context, the goals is to learn how to individually handle tasks and manage relationships. The learning process involves using a simulated management activity in which I have to virtually learn how to deal with situations related to handling of tasks and managing relationships. Conclusion In overview, individual’s personal philosophy mirror in how they behave and their core visions. When one is honest, empathetic and respect the views of others, their followers would want to emulate the former’s approach to leadership. Leaders, therefore, have to strive to continuously build relationships with those
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease?
What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) The four principles, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, has often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. How would you rank the importance of each of the four principles? How do you believe they would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative? Refer to the topic Resources in your response. Expert Answer and Explanation Principles of Bioethics and Christianity The Christian worldview provides moral codes and guidelines that can be used in making decisions in terms of an ethical dilemma. These codes are the basic foundation on which the Christian biblical narrative is based. Human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and they ought to live with decorum, humility, and respect for life (Vang & Carter, 2021). The principle of bioethics would be ranked differently based on the Christian worldview with the principle of justice and fairness being the first on the list (IEP, 2012). Justice and fairness are important for every Christian since all human beings are the same in the eyes of God. In the healthcare sector, justice and fairness will ensure that each person is provided with the same type of care based on their different illness regardless of social class, gender, or age. The second principle would be beneficence since it embraces the need for doctors to act in the best interest of all patients. Beneficence ensures that proper medication is administered to help the patient recover from the illnesses. The third principle would be the autonomy of the patient. The biblical narrative denotes those human beings were given the will to be able to decide between right from wrong. In this regard, a patient has the right to determine whether they need medical attention or alternative care based on their understanding of the self. The final principle in line with the Christian worldview is the principle of nonmaleficence which addresses the issues associated with the need to prevent any harm to the patient (Aksoy & Tenik, 2002). After all, the necessary care has been administered in the correct manner, the principle of nonmaleficence can be applied to ensure that it informs on the best practice measures to take to help the patient through recovery or prevent further deterioration of the disease. References Aksoy, S., & Tenik, A. (2002). The’four principles of bioethics’ as found in 13th century Muslim scholar Mawlana’s teachings. BMC Medical Ethics, 3(1), 1-7. IEP. (2012). Bioethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Utm.edu. https://iep.utm.edu/bioethic/ Vang, P., & Carter, T. G. (2021). Telling God’s Story: The Biblical Narrative from Beginning to End. B&H Publishing Group. Alternative Answer and Explanation The four principles according to Hoehner (2022) help assist healthcare workers make decisions in ethics. This can be in combination with other tools that we have learned so far. However, it is important to note that Hoehner (2022) also suggests that like other tools, for each person, these four principles may be valued differently, as such, it is important for nurses to have a good understanding of what they mean and how they can be used both personally and professionally. I would rank the principles in order of importance according to my worldview or belief system as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. I do think that respecting a person’s choice is of utmost importance. The principle of autonomy ensures that patients are informed of all care options, it can promote honesty between patients and their health team, and provides support to informed consent procedures (Varkey, 2021). Consequently, I find myself at odds with my own list, as I feel that it is important to do no harm after supporting autonomy, which would be a contradiction if I were to practice a strictly Christian viewpoint. In the Christian view, the principles are listed as beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. I live very close to Oregon where assisted death is legal. This can be seen as murder to some, and a blessing to others. If I help assist a patient with their choice to die in this state because they practice their autonomy, am I not doing harm because I am respecting their wishes, or am I wrong? Or as a Christian, do not assist them, as it would be to cause harm and killing another person? As Hoehner (2022) suggests, using these principles can sometimes blur the lines of your own personal views and respecting patient wishes, and should be used on a case-by-case basis. References Hoehner, P. (2022). Biomedical ethics in the Christian narrative. Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian values and decision making in health care (Second Edition). Grand Canyon University.BibliU – Reader – Practicing Dignity: An Introduction to Christian Values and Decision Making in Health Care Varkey B. (2021). Principles of Clinical Ethics and Their Application to Practice. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 30(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509119 What do the four parts of the Christian biblical narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications. Expert Answer and Explanation Christian Biblical Narrative The Christian biblical narrative contains four distinct concepts that can be used to elaborate on the nature of God and the reality of life as it relates to sickness, disease, hope, and motivation. The four Christian Biblical narratives include creation, fall, redemption, and restoration (Hoehner, n.d). The creation narrative iterates the abundance of the world from the perspective of how God created the world and everything in it and gave human beings power overall. In this regard, human beings were created in the image and likeness of God and expected to ensure the continuity of life on earth. However,
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019)
Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which Cultural theorist Campinha-Bacote describes cultural competency as a continuum, which implies continual growth and development (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Discuss the following: • What is cultural competence? • Are there steps nurses can take to achieve it? • How does it differ from cultural humility? • Briefly describe how a lack of cultural sensitivity may impact patients’ health and well-being and their future encounters with the healthcare system. • Why is it more important to focus on cultural humility rather than achieving cultural competence? Expert Answer and Explanation In the healthcare sector, cultural competence focuses on the ability of a nurse or any other medical professional to be aware of their cultural beliefs and values. Additionally, cultural competence also includes the awareness of how personal culture and perspectives are different from that of others (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). In the case of a nurse, cultural competence focuses on the ability to differentiate one’s cultural beliefs from that of the patient. Nurses can take different initiatives and steps to achieve cultural competence. The most efficient strategy is to interact with patients, improve self-awareness and learn about different cultures within the community. The strategies are key as they will create the needed awareness, and help improve the outcome of care. Cultural competence differs from cultural humility in different ways. Cultural competence encompasses the ability to work with patients from different cultures while at the same time identifying the impact that cultural bias might have on care delivery. On the other hand, cultural humility entails the capacity for care providers to recognize their limitations, assumptions, or challenges when working with other cultures to avoid bias or predetermined patient care (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). When nurses are not sensitive to cultural differences, they tend to provide biased medical care that does not meet patient autonomy. As a result, patient satisfaction is negatively affected. With modernization, care providers are more likely to encounter patients from different cultures which requires the need for cultural competence. Focusing on cultural humility is more sustainable than trying to be more culturally competent as a nurse cannot be able to be aware of different cultures. However, a nurse can identify their biases and adjust their care depending on the needs of the patient through cultural humility (Kersey-Matusiak, 2018). Reference Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2018). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 9780826137272. Alternative Answer Cultural competence is the ability to appreciate, interact, and understand others cultures or beliefs that are different from their own (DeAngelis, 2015). “Cultural competence is defined as the attitudes, knowledge, and skills necessary for providing quality care to diverse populations” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p.8). Culturally competent nurses are able to deliver care that values the beliefs of their patients (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Culturally competent care does not just happen; there are steps nurses must take to become culturally competent. To become culturally competent, one must learn who they are first (Clay, 2010). Learn about your ancestors, personal background, be curious, and perform a self-assessment (Clay, 2010). Learn about different cultures by immersing yourself in their literature, language, and customs (Clay, 2010). Become comfortable in unfamiliar surroundings, converse with different religious groups, volunteer at community centers, and make friends with people of different cultures (Clay, 2010). Attend diversity training seminars to collaborate with other professionals (Clay, 2010). If culturally competent training is not offered at your institution, submit a process to formalize educational material for your organization and peers (Clay, 2010). Cultural humility recognizes that bias may occur and nurses need to understand and eliminate their own prejudices (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Healthcare providers need to recognize that their perspectives are influenced by policies that are dominated on the basis of whiteness and maleness (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural humility addresses unconscious biases a nurse may possess and empowers the nurse to work towards eliminating these biases while providing culturally competent care. Cultural sensitivity is having an attitude towards a specific culture or ethnic background and not saying offensive things directed at that background (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). Cultural sensitivity can also include the avoidance of particular words, phrases, or categorizations of individuals (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019). An example of cultural sensitivity was the removal of the Washington Redskins name from the NFL due to the thoughts and feelings of the Native Americans. Nursing is a trusted profession by the public. Nurses as well as other healthcare providers must provide culturally sensitive care to know how to communicate with their patients and develop professional relationships (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Nurses must understand nonverbal communication, inclusive language, cultural customs, relatable medical terms, and the use of personal touch (The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships, 2019). Failure to utilize culturally sensitive care can create unwanted distress for patients and they may fail to seek medical attention when required as a result. Nurses must be able to make their patients feel comfortable in a healthcare setting. Cultural competence is learning to accept and understand other cultures. Cultural humility is recognizing personal biases that may distort your perception of other cultures. Cultural sensitivity is recognizing those biases and behaving in an acceptable way towards different backgrounds. Providing care with “cultural sensitivity and cultural humility are both means to the end being cultural competence” (Kersey-Matusiak, 2019, p. 6). References Clay, R. (2010). https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2010/09/culturally-competent. DeAngelis, T. (2015, March). In search of cultural competence. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/03/cultural-competence. Kersey-Matusiak, G. (2019). Delivering culturally competent nursing care: Working with diverse and vulnerable populations (2nd ed.). The Role of Cultural Sensitivity in Building Patient Relationships. (2019, July 11). Minority Nurse. https://minoritynurse.com/the-role-of-cultural-sensitivity-in-building-patient-relationships/. Module 1 Assignment Assignment Description: Part 1: For this assignment, conduct a cultural self-assessment using the Staircase Self-Assessment Model and write a 1250–1500-word reflection essay. To understand culture and cultural diversity, you must understand your own culture and beliefs. Utilizing the Staircase Self-Assessment Model as a means of determining your level of cultural competency, write a 1250 to 1500-word essay outlining the six stages: cultural destructiveness, cultural
Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected
Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected Assignment: Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy with Other Approaches Understanding the strengths of each type of therapy and which type of therapy is most appropriate for each patient is an essential skill of the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. In this Assignment, you will compare humanistic-existential therapy to another psychotherapeutic approach. You will identify the strengths and challenges of each approach and describe expected potential outcomes. To prepare: Review the humanistic-existential psychotherapy videos in this week’s Learning Resources. Reflect on humanistic-existential psychotherapeutic approaches. Then, select another psychotherapeutic approach to compare with humanistic-existential psychotherapy. The approach you choose may be one you previously explored in the course or one you are familiar with and especially interested in. The Assignment In a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following: Briefly describe humanistic-existential psychotherapy and the second approach you selected. Explain at least three differences between these therapies. Include how these differences might impact your practice as a PMHNP. Focusing on one video you viewed, explain why humanistic-existential psychotherapy was utilized with the patient in the video and why it was the treatment of choice. Describe the expected potential outcome if the second approach had been used with the patient. Support your response with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly. Attach the PDFs of your sources. Expert Answer and Explanation Comparing Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy Healthcare is constantly facing different changes as it progresses from one form of care to the other. Mental health is one of the entities in nursing that require the use of multiple interventions in order to prevent multiple issues (Heidenreich et al., 2021). Therapists make use of the DSM-5 to identify the different diagnoses that can be used in relation to the issues affecting the patient. This article will compare humanistic-existential psychotherapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Treatment Approaches Also abbreviated as HEP, humanistic, existential psychotherapy is among the most common types of psychotherapy used to intervene for patients dealing with mental illness. The use of humanistic-existential psychotherapy is aimed at enabling the patient to know their characteristics and the aspects that differentiate them from the rest of the world (Heidenreich et al., 2021). Therapists have the capacity to use the approach to offer motivation to the patient. Additionally, the approach can also be used in the identification of the different areas of concern that might be affecting the patient. The therapist is able to ensure that the client has discovered their unique traits and what makes them stand out from the crowd. The use of humanistic-existential psychotherapy is important as it makes the patient become aware of their traits and how they can improve the areas that are affected or causing harm (Heidenreich et al., 2021). The basic premise of human existential therapy is that it can be used to ensure the patients overcome their imposed fears or limitations. With great ability to be aware of personal convictions, the patient can be guided to acquire an in-depth understanding of their innate life goals. The second approach that can be used to provide psychotherapy to a patient is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). This approach is also one of the most common modes of interventions used in providing medical attention to patients with mental disorders (David et al., 2021). The CBT approach focuses on the thought processes of a person as well as the physical behaviors. These methods are critical as they work together to reduce the severity of the patient’s symptoms. In this regard, CBT addresses how a person’s cognitive abilities or thought process can positively or negatively affect their external behaviors. In this regard, the method can be used to offer treatment or identify the various issues that might be affecting the patient. A patient being treated with CBT is able to identify their behavior, thought process, and how one leads to the other (David et al., 2021). The role of the therapist is to help the patient in the identification of their cognitions and behaviors and later link how one is related to the other. Correlation Between CBT and HEP While the two approaches are used to help patients deal with their mental issues, they have different similarities and differences. The main difference between the two treatment approaches is that HEP analyzes the uniqueness of a patient, while CBT measures the behaviors and thought processes (David et al., 2021). These two interventions help the patient deal with different issues that might affect their mental state. For instance, HEP can be used to offer medical aid to patients with self-esteem issues, while CBT can best be used to help patients dealing with substance abuse or addiction. The other difference that the two approaches have is that CBT what the patient can alter or change while HEP helps the patient to understand their personal beliefs and convictions. These differences are from the premise within which the therapists can help the patients meet the different requirements of care. Additionally, HEP is focused on the abilities of the patients, while CBT focuses on the actions or how the patient responds to different issues within society. The PMHNP can best benefit from this approach as they help deal with the different issues that might affect the quality of patient care (Yılmaz et al., 2019). A PMHNP can decide on the best approach to use and how to ensure the patient receives the best available care. Overview of the Video The video addresses a patient suffering from anger, constrictions, and having challenges with understanding their personal feelings. These symptoms depict the challenges that the patient has with regards to self-awareness and correlating with the environment around them (PsychotherapyNet, 2009). In this regard, the best available approach that the PMHNP can use on the patient is to apply the HEP treatment. The approach would be essential in ensuring that the patient is informed of their uniqueness and how it makes them stand
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to
Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid with one another and explain how they were similar and different to each other. Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care, a principle dubbed “gatekeeping.” Some argue that “gatekeeping” is unethical because it introduces financial factors into treatment decisions. Others say it improves quality by promoting the use of the most appropriate levels of care. Medicare is an area that often gets overlooked and is seen as a burden financially. Discuss alternatives to ease the drain on Medicare resources. Medicaid is shouldering an ever-increasing burden of cost for long-term care for the elderly, with enormous impacts on state budgets throughout the nation. Discuss alternatives to ease this drain on Medicaid resources. Develop an APA-formatted essay discussing the three entities. Describe what they are and how they differ. Include an introduction to let the reader know what will be found in the essay. Create a table to provide comparison of the three entities. The table can be used as the body of the paper, or it can be added as an addendum after the Reference page. If you opt to add it as an addendum, refer to the table in the narrative in the body of the essay. As in all essays, include a conclusion to provide a summary of the material. This assignment highlights your ability to do research and display information in a table format. Include citations, as appropriate, for information in the table. Refer to chapter 7 in the APA manual, specifically pages 223 -224 for information on tables using words for displaying information. Required Source Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. A. (2017). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Read Chapter 8. The following specifications are required for this assignment: Length: 750 words Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA style. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. Include at least two (2) scholarly sources to support your claims. Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx). File Name: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”) Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Finance In the United States (US), healthcare is paid for or financed in a variety of ways. One of the ways is the out-of-pocket method where individuals pay directly for services they have been offered. The second way is private insurance. Other people have health insurance coverage as a tax-free benefit from their employer (Sultz & Young, 2017). Most working individuals are covered by employer-provided healthcare insurance, a managed care plan, such as a Health Maintenance Organization, or traditional indemnity insurance. The third method is public insurance and programs. For instance, the government has Military Health Insurance to cover the health of military personnel and their dependents as well as veterans. Other health insurance programs run by the government include Medicare, Medicaid, and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) (Sultz & Young, 2017). People often confuse Medicare, Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and Medicaid. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid by giving their similarities and differences. The Three Entities The first entity is MCO. MCOs are integrated organizations in the healthcare system focused on managed care as a method of reducing care costs while maintaining a high quality of care. The focus of MCOs is to reduce the cost of care while keeping the quality high. There are four types of MCOs (Seiler et al., 2022). The first type is Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). HMO manages care by requiring beneficiaries to see a network of health providers at a much lower cost. It also needs beneficially to see their primary care provider (PCP) before any provider who is not in the network. The second type is Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). This form of MCO allows one to see any doctor they like, in the network or outside (Opoku et al., 2022). The beneficially may pay less for seeing an in-network provider and higher for the outside network provider. The third is Point of Service (POS). This program combines HMO and PPO where one can see providers in and outside the network but at slightly higher costs. The last type is Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) (Opoku et al., 2022). It also combines HMOs and PPOs’ features. Its costs are less than PPO but higher than HMO. The second entity is the Medicare program. Medical is a federal health insurance program for some young people with disabilities, adults aged 65 years or older, and individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease (Agarwal et al., 2021). Drain in Medicare resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First, reducing unnecessary complications and preventable readmissions. Complications and readmission increase the cost of care and thus puts more burden on Medicare (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, n.d). Second, the drain can be reduced by decreasing the use of high-cost drugs. Lastly, the program should use the value-based model to pay physicians where they are paid based on efficiency, quality, and care coordination. The third entity is the Medicaid program. Medicaid is a health insurance program that provides health coverage to millions of US citizens, including children, low-income adults, elderly adults and people with disabilities, and pregnant women (Linder et al., 2018). States administer the program based on federal requirements. The program is funded both by the federal government and state governments. Drain in Medicaid resources can be eased through the following alternatives. First. Physician payment should be modified to decrease unnecessary care. physicians should be paid using the salaried system with a relatively modest bonus for quality (Linder et al., 2018).
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. In their role, PMHNPs can ensure a smooth transition from emergency mental health care to follow-up care, and also bridge the physical–mental health divide in healthcare. In this week’s Assignment, you explore legal and ethical issues surrounding psychiatric emergencies, and identify evidence-based suicide and violence risk assessments. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about psychiatric emergencies and the ethical and legal issues surrounding these events. The Assignment In 2–3 pages, address the following: Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released. Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state. Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts. Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source. Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients. Expert Answer and Explanation Mental Health Laws in Texas There are various guiding PMHNP when providing mental health services to patients. Mental health laws play a significant role in the integration of mental health in primary health care, community integration of people with mental health problems, and provision of high-quality care. In the US, states have different laws prescribing how their citizens should be handled when mental health emergency occurs. The state that will be focused on in this assignment in Texas. The legislative body of Texas has enacted various guiding PMHNP on how to provide mental health services among various populations. It is the responsibility of PMHNP to understand these laws and follow them to avoid legal problems. This assignment has discussed legal and ethical principles regarding mental health emergencies in the state of Texas. Texas Laws The law guiding involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies is known as the Texas Health and Safety Code – HEALTH & SAFETY § 574.014 (FindLaw.com, 2021). The involuntary psychiatric holds can be initiated by an adult by applying detention, evaluation, and treatment of the individual with the county courts. A law enforcement officer is also allowed to detain an individual they believe to be a threat due to substance abuse or mental disorders and transport the individual to a mental health facility for evaluation for admission under their police powers. Mental health facilities recognized by the Department of Mental Health can initiate the process of holding a patient if they believe that the individual has a serious mental health problem and needs emergency psychiatric treatment (FindLaw.com, 2021). Mental health professionals allowed to begin an on-site civil involuntary detention for an individual in need of emergency mental health care include psychiatric residents, licensed physicians, psychiatrists, licensed professional counselors, a qualified addiction professional, and PMHNP. An individual should only be detained for 72 hours, excluding holidays and weekends (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, if the psychiatrist still believes that the individual needs further treatment beyond 72 hours, they can begin a court hearing to get court permission to continue holding the patient. The mental health professional can release the emergency hold if they believe that the individual does not need emergency care (FindLaw.com, 2021). The emergency hold can be picked by their family members or people they chose. Differences Emergency hospitalization for psychiatric hold or evaluation can be initiated by an adult, a police officer, or a health professional qualified to handle mental health services. This process does not need a court order (FindLaw.com, 2021). However, for a person to be committed to receiving mental health services as an inpatient or outpatient, a court order must be sought. The guardian or applicant must go to court and seek a court order. The individual patient must also be given a chance to explain themselves (FindLaw.com, 2021). Therefore, the difference is emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold does not need a court order while inpatient and outpatient commitment need a court order. Capacity and Competency In the mental health context, capacity is a clinical determination and functional assessment of a specific decision that can be made by a health professional who has interacted with the patient’s case (Keene et al., 2019). However, competency is a legal determination and global assessment made in court by a judge. In other words, competency is determined by a judge while capacity by a health professional (Keene et al., 2019). HIPAA Privacy Rule HIPAA privacy rule requires that healthcare professionals protect patients’ information and prevent unauthorized persons from accessing them (Edens et al., 2018). The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with the courts during hearing on whether the patients should receive involuntary inpatient or outpatient care. The healthcare professionals are only allowed to share the information with patient’s family member when the patient is incapacitated ad cannot make informed decisions (Edens et al., 2018). Suicide Risk Assessment The suicide risk assessment tool I could use to screen patients is the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale. This tool is validated to be used in adults, adolescents, and children (Matarazzo et al., 2019).
Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission, social change message, social determinants of health, and university outcomes
Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission For this Assignment, review the AACN DNP Essentials document and reflect on the competencies presented. Reflect on your personal and academic goals and consider how those goals align with both Walden University’s mission and vision and with the AACN DNP Essentials. Reflect on the social determinants of health framework and consider how your academic and professional goals might align with addressing these elements as a DNP-prepared nurse. To prepare: Review The Essentials of Doctoral Education for Advanced Nursing Practice (AACN, 2006) in this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the competencies presented. Review Walden University’s mission, vision, and university outcomes. Reflect on your professional and academic goals. Consider how Walden’s mission and vision as well as the AACN’s perspective may fit with your goals. How might you incorporate a commitment to social change into your academic and professional plans? How might your academic and professional goals align with addressing the social determinants of health? The Assignment: (2–3 pages) Explain how your academic and professional goals align with Walden’s vision, mission, social change message, social determinants of health, and university outcomes as well as the AACN DNP Essentials. Be specific. Explain how you plan to incorporate social change throughout your program of study and in professional practice. Be sure to include how social change may contribute to your practicum/field experience and your role in professional practice. Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632). All papers submitted must use this formatting. Expert Answer and Explanation AACN Competencies and the Walden Mission, Vision, and Outcomes Every nurse practitioner must have a goal or goals that guide their practice. Nurses should consider the culture and beliefs of all patients while working with them and helping them achieve their mental health outcomes (Cain et al., 2018). They should also work with their fellow healthcare professionals and stakeholders to provide affordable care to underserved communities (Cain et al., 2018). My goals are well aligned with Walden’s mission, social change message, vision, social determinants of health, university outcomes, and American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) DNP Essentials. The purpose of this assignment is to explain how my goals align with Walden’s mission, social change message, vision, social determinants of health, university outcomes, as well as AACN DNP Essentials and how I plan to incorporate social change throughout my program of study and professional practice. Goals Aligning with Walden’s Vision and Mission, and AACN DNP Essentials Like any other organization, Walden University has a mission and vision that guides its practices. The mission of the university is to provide a diverse community of career professionals (Walden University, 2021). My first goal as a psychiatric nurse practitioner is to provide safe, quality, patient-centered and competent care to all patients, their families, and the community at large regardless of their background and culture. My goal aligns with the university’s mission in that I aim to provide quality care to all patients without any form of discrimination. I will achieve my professional goal by improving my knowledge of culturally-based care. I believe that I am one of the kinds of career professionals the university seeks to release in the job market. The vision of the university is to provide graduates who can solve societal challenges and thus advance the greater global good. My second goal is to be part of programs that aim to solve societal problems. Being part of problem-solving programs, will fulfil my second goal and also meet the vision of the university. Walden University defines social change as a deliberate process of developing and applying strategies, ideas, and actions to promote and develop cultures and communities (Walden University, 2021). My third goal is to become an advocate for patients and nurses. I would be able to promote social change by advocating for the needs of patients and my fellow nurses, a practice that aligns with the university’s social change message. My goals also align with AACN DNP Essentials. One of the essentials my goals align with is health care policy for advocacy in health care (AACN, 2006). I would be able to advocate for patients’ and nurses’ rights by creating health policies and presenting them to necessary people for approval and implementation. My academic goal is to be competent in the creation and advocacy of healthcare policies. Incorporating Social Change I plan to incorporate social change throughout my program of study by performing a quality improvement project aimed at improving the mental health of the less privileged in society. I will conduct a quality improvement study about the impact of physical exercise on sleep quality in African American people with depression. I will incorporate social change at the professional level by volunteering in mental health promotion programs. Social change will contribute to my field experience by improving my knowledge of advocacy and the development of promotional programs. Social change will also improve my collaborative skills because it will collaborate with various people to promote better mental health in the community. Conclusion My goals align with Walden’s mission, vision, and social change message. As a professional, I will work with other healthcare professionals to promote the better mental health status of my patients, families, and communities. I will also develop health policies that seek to make mental health care affordable to less privileged and provide other health professionals with the requisite tools to provide proper mental health care. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2006). The essentials of doctoral education for advanced nursing practice. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/Publications/DNPEssentials.pdf Cain, C. L., Surbone, A., Elk, R., & Kagawa-Singer, M. (2018). Culture and palliative care: preferences, communication, meaning, and mutual decision making. Journal of Pain And Symptom Management, 55(5), 1408-1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.01.007 Walden University. (2021). Student publications: Vision, mission, and goals. https://catalog.waldenu.edu/ Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality
[2025] In a 4 to 5 page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project for your organization that you advocate to improve – Fast, Quality and Affordable Assignment Expert
In a 4 to 5 page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project In the Discussion for this module, you considered the interaction of nurse informaticists with other specialists to ensure successful care. How is that success determined? Patient outcomes and the fulfillment of care goals is one of the major ways that healthcare success is measured. Measuring patient outcomes results in the generation of data that can be used to improve results. Nursing informatics can have a significant part in this process and can help to improve outcomes by improving processes, identifying at-risk patients, and enhancing efficiency. To Prepare: Review the concepts of technology application as presented in the Resources. Reflect on how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence may help fortify nursing informatics as a specialty by leading to increased impact on patient outcomes or patient care efficiencies. The Assignment: (4-5 pages) In a 4 to 5 page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project for your organization that you advocate to improve patient outcomes or patient-care efficiency. Your project proposal should include the following: Describe the project you propose. Identify the stakeholders impacted by this project. Explain the patient outcome(s) or patient-care efficiencies this project is aimed at improving and explain how this improvement would occur. Be specific and provide examples. Identify the technologies required to implement this project and explain why. Identify the project team (by roles) and explain how you would incorporate the nurse informaticist in the project team. Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Informatics Project The Impact of Nursing Informatics on Patient Outcomes and Patient Care Efficiencies Among the ways that informatics has helped to transform care is improved documentation systems, where care providers can easily access important patient and staff information that leads to coordinated care. The introduction of nurse informatics also helps to improve the processes in care and hence to generate improved care outcomes (Robert, 2019). Also, with informatics, healthcare givers can identify at-risk patients in a timely fashion and give them more priority to care. Description of Proposed Project: The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Nurse Informatics Artificial intelligence, commonly known as AI, is the simulation of intelligence of humans to machines to make these machines adopt human functions. Over the years, there have been improvement of the AI functions as technologies continue improving. Today AI applications include but are not limited to speech recognition, machine vision, natural language processing, and expert systems. Healthcare implements AI by using complex software and algorithms to interpret and comprehend complex medical data (Clancy, 2020). The fact that AI uses technologies that can gain information and process it to refined outputs means that it can have limitless applications in healthcare. In this project, the implementation of AI in the field of nurse informatics is closely examined. Stakeholders Impacted by the Project There are several stakeholders who are impacted by the project, with the patients being on the first line. Most of the actions in the project involve patient care, as the objective of the project is to improve the patient care outcomes. The second most impacted stakeholders are the healthcare givers and specifically the nurses, who also play a crucial role in coordinating patient care with other healthcare givers. Nurses are the individuals who are in contact with the patients for the longest periods hence it becomes easy to monitor them. Patient families are also influential stakeholders in this project as much of the actions will require their consent as well as their opinion output on the options available. Regulators will also take a primary position in the project, especially because machine learning and other elements of artificial intelligence can also have drastic patient outcomes if reckless researchers or healthcare providers are allowed to take the center-stage in implementing non-proven measures. Lastly, the healthcare financiers will be part of the stakeholders since AI is an expensive field that requires strategic financing. Patient Outcomes or Patient Care Efficiencies that the Project is aimed at Improving The first patient outcome that the project is aimed at improving is the diagnostic procedures of care. Through application of AI in nursing informatics, nurses can efficiently perform nursing diagnoses to improve the detection of the presence of absence of disease and determine the best care operations for specific patents. Among the diseases that can be efficiently diagnosed using AI is cardiovascular disease and diabetes, which are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. AI is also expected to help in the integration of telehealth in the care of patients. Telemedicine or telehealth helps in monitoring of patient information using strategic and remote techniques, and using automated means. It allows patients with chronic conditions to have long contact with the healthcare providers regardless of the physical barriers (Erikson & Salzmann-Erikson, 2016). Using AI in telehealth improves the efficiency of administration of drugs, as patients can consult physicians at their convenience of their homes. Also, these programs allow the education and advice of patients, remote admissions, as well as constant monitoring. The project is also aimed at showing the relevant drug interactions that could help the patients achieve synergy of the drugs and improve the effects. Also, in the same way, AI technology can help to identify lethal interactions that could lead to risking of the patients’ lives. Specifically, the project helps patients to identify the most suitable options when it comes to drug administration. It is easy to find that most chronic disease patients experience polypharmacy, and they are confused whether taking an additional drug would lead to improved outcomes. With AI, healthcare givers do not have to take multiple lab tests to determine the suitability of an additional medication for the patient. The project is aimed at boosting the interaction of the patients as well as the healthcare givers with electronic health records. The digitization of information in facilities has often been cited to have some drawbacks such as having burnout among
[ANSWERED 2025] Review the video Case Study Sherman Tremaine. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient – Fast, Quality and Affordable Assignment Expert
Review the video Case Study Sherman Tremaine. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. Case Study: Sherman Tremaine Psychotic disorders change one’s sense of reality and cause abnormal thinking and perception. Patients presenting with psychotic disorders may suffer from delusions or hallucinations or may display negative symptoms such as lack of emotion or withdraw from social situations or relationships. Symptoms of medication-induced movement disorders can be mild or lethal and can include, for example, tremors, dystonic reactions, or serotonin syndrome. For this Assignment, you will complete a focused SOAP note for a patient in a case study who has either a schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic, or medication-induced movement disorder. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing, diagnosing, and treating schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic, and medication-induced movement disorders. Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations. Review the video Case Study Sherman Tremaine. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. The Assignment Develop a focused SOAP note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, and list them in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5 criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you were able to follow up with this patient. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). By Day 7 of Week 5 Submit your Focused SOAP Note. Submission and Grading Information To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. Click the Week 5 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. Click the Week 5 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK5Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Expert Answer and Explanation Schizophrenia soap note Subjective: CC (chief complaint): “I do not bother anyone and people outside my window do not leave alone.” HPI: Sherman Tremaine is a 53-years-old African American male who was asked to come for mental health assessment by his sister. The patient complains that he does not bother anybody but people outside his window to not leave him alone. he says that the people outside his window watch him. He says that he can hear these people and see their shadow. He also says that these people were sent to watch him by the government. He also complains of sleeping problems and people follow him everywhere. Substance Current Use: He smokes cigarette (12 packets of cigarettes weekly) and a bit of marijuana. Medical History: Current Medications: Used Haldol, Thorazine, and Seroquel. Takes metformin currently for diabetes. Allergies: No allergies. Reproductive Hx: No problems with reproductive system. ROS: GENERAL: No fever, weakness, fatigue, chills, or weight loss/gain. HEENT: Eyes: No visual problem. Ears, Nose, Throat: No hearing pain, loss, sneezing, runny nose, congestion, or sore throat. SKIN: No itching or rash. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, edema, no chest pressure palpitations, or chest discomfort. RESPIRATORY: No cough or shortness of breath. GASTROINTESTINAL: No abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. GENITOURINARY: No urination problems. NEUROLOGICAL: No headaches or any other neurological problems. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint pain or muscle pain. HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia. LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No sweating, heat, or cold problems. Objective: Vital signs: T 35.7, Ht. 5’9, Wt. 159lbs, HR 80, RR 20, BP 130/95 Chest/Lungs: Regular heart rhythm and rate. No murmurs. Heart/Peripheral Vascular: No wheezes. Lungs clear. Diagnostic results: CT-Scan-pending. The test will be used to rule out any physical symptoms that might cause hallucinations and delusions. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Baandrup et al. (2022) noted that PANSS is a valid, scalable, and reliable tool for screening for people with schizophrenia. The authors found that the tool is 98% effective. The patient scored 19.9 on positive scale and 22.3 on negative scale meaning