Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each.

PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem. Consequently, PICOT examples that may provide insight into the use of the PICOT process, may not be relevant to nursing practice as they are based on a medical practice problem.

Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. Discuss why is it important to ensure your PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem.

EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION

Nursing vs. Medical Practice Problem

Whereas a nursing practice problem is identified during the nursing assessments conducted on a patient’s condition, medical practice problem is one which focuses on the pathology of the patient. Specifically, a nursing practice problem assesses the human response to the health conditions (Milner & Cosme, 2017).

For example, when a patient presents to the facility with headaches, fever, and other physical symptoms, a triage nurse could identify the condition as a nursing practice problem, where they offer the patient the relevant nursing diagnosis. On the other hand, when a patient is seen to have a condition which requires his pathology to be assessed and the healthcare giver recognizes that it could be stroke, then this is a medical practice problem.

Why PICOT should be based on Nursing Practice Problem

A PICOT seeks to address various elements of nursing care, and hence it should be primarily based on a nursing practice problem and not on a medical practice problem. In the nursing practice problem, the care needs of the patient from the time they get out of the healthcare environment to the time they are diagnosed by the doctor to the after-care periods are addressed (Meyer, 2017).

Also, in the nursing practice problem, there is collection of information about the patient, and this helps to draw relevant conclusions based on the PICOT questions. This way, it is easy to collect diverse data about the patient and their condition. Also, with the nursing practice problem, it is more likely that the PICOT will improve population health.

References

Meyer, M. N. (2017). Evidence-Based Practice: Success of Practice Change Depends on the Question. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing: Foundations, Skills, and Roles.

Milner, K. A., & Cosme, S. (2017). The PICO Game: An Innovative Strategy for Teaching Step 1 in Evidence‐Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 14(6), 514-516.

Alternative Expert Answer

How Nursing and Medical Practice Problems differ

Medical and Nursing Practice Problem

There is a difference between a nursing and a medical practice problem. The former is a clinical issue that a provider identifies and notes when assessing the patient, and it constitutes one physiological health, and the emotional and psychological responses linked to the patient’s physical health. An example is a patient with hypertension and diabetes developing stress because of their health. In this case, a nurse would want to know all these details about the patient including the manner in which they respond to the disease.

One can also look at this particular problem as one which can be addressed through patient education, counseling and health promotion (Cook et al., 2018). Conversely, the latter is about the medical condition or the pathology of a medical disorder in which the provider determines the patient’s disorder.  If a provider measures the body’s insulin and manages to determine that body’s insulin level is low, they can conclude that the condition is type 1 diabetes (Yoo et al., 2019).

Basing PICOT on the Nursing Practice Problem

When preparing a PICOT, it is important to base it on the nursing practice problem (NPP). This is because the NPP addresses majority of the elements of the nursing care. Some of these elements include the diagnosis information, patient care goals, screening of the risks, and the outcomes. The PICOT also addresses all these elements considering that it focuses on the patient, their health, the intervention that can help promote recovery compared to another treatment, and results of the treatment. It equally focuses on the clinical outcomes (Ho et al., 2016). Given that the PICOT addresses all the elements of the nursing problem, it make sense to base PICOT on the NPP.

 References

Cook, D.A., Pencille, L.J., Dupras, D.M., Linderbaum, J.A., Pankratz, V.S.,  & Wilkinson, J.M. (2018). Practice variation and practice guidelines: Attitudes of generalist and specialist physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. PLoS ONE 13(1), e0191943. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191943.

Ho, G.J., Liew, S.M., Ng, C.J., Hisham Shunmugam, R., & Glasziou P (2016). Development of a Search Strategy for an Evidence Based Retrieval Service. PLoS ONE 11(12), e0167170. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167170.

Yoo, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.S., Kim, H.L., Ki, J.S. (2019). Clinical nurses’ beliefs, knowledge, organizational readiness and level of implementation of evidence-based practice: The first step to creating an evidence-based practice culture. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0226742. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226742.

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