[ANSWERED 2023] In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography

In a 4-to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed.

Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
• Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
• Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
• For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

• Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
• Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
• Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
• In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
• Use APA format and include a title page.
• Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

By Day 7 of Week 8

Submit your completed Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 8 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Required Readings:

•  McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Chapter 14, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics” (pp. 267–287)
  •  Chapter 15, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes” (pp. 293–317)
  • Chapter 16, “Patient Engagement and Connected Health” (pp. 323–338)
  •  Chapter 17, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health” (pp. 341–355)
  • Chapter 18, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth” (pp. 359–388) Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., Collins, S. …Bates, D. W. (2017).
• Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: The Promoting Respect and Ongoing Safety Through Patient Engagement Communication and Technology Study. Critical Care Medicine, 45(8), e806–e813. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449
• HealthIT.gov. (2018c). What is an electronic health record (EHR)? Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-electronic-health-record-ehr
• Healthcare Information Management and Systems Society. (2018). Electronic health records. Retrieved from https://www.himss.org/library/ehr/
• Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D. Leak, L. D., Tieman, L. A., & Manworren, R. C. B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to Improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.002
• Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.
• Skiba, D. (2017). Evaluation tools to appraise social media and mobile applications. Informatics, 4(3), 32–40. doi:10.3390/informatics4030032

Students usually submit formatting several different ways. Your paper should follow this organizational model:

1. Start with a title page: Page numbers are always upper right-hand corner; centered on the page is Title of your paper (bolded); your name; Course number and course name; Walden University; Instructor name; date of submission. Do not add a header (this has not been required for nearly 2 years at Walden). Do not add an abstract. Do not add a Table of contents.
2.  On the second page add a heading: Title of your paper (this first heading is bolded).
3. The first paragraph is the introduction to your topic. Include the main points to be found in your paper. Include a purpose statement: The purpose of this paper is…..
4. Body of the paper: Heading (left-justified): A couple word description of the topic(all of these headings are bolded with the first letter of each word capitalized). Ensure you include Summary of articles; Improvements to outcomes; Efficiencies; Lessons learned from application. This is not a brief exercise.
5. The final paragraph is the conclusion. Heading: Conclusion(left justified). The conclusion is a summary and reminds the reader of the main points. There is no new content added to a conclusion paragraph.
6. Lastly, Reference page. Heading: References is centered on the line and  All articles and other scholarly sources noted in the paper will be presented here in full reference format. Please do review basic APA: double spaced, the second and third lines are indented 7 to 10 spaces; Titles of books, webpages with no journal, and journal titles and volume numbers are italicized. The author/s/organization is the AUTHOR, then the (year) of publication, then the title of the article or webpage, Add the journal title volume, issue, page number if you have it or the website name, and/or either the doi number or the retrieved from url. Follow APA guidelines.

Expert Answer and Explanation

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Among the most recent but significant changes in healthcare and nursing is the introduction of technology-aided clinical systems. Starting from electronic health records to the use of artificial intelligence systems in delivering healthcare, these technology systems have helped to increase efficiency in healthcare organizations. Clinicians can also deliver healthcare with much ease, and it also becomes easy to reach the desired patient compliance levels.

Healthcare technologies are also coupled with different challenges which upon addressing would help to achieve even better outcomes. This essay analyses different scholarly articles that explain the use of clinical systems in the improvement of efficiency in the care continuum and the windows of improvement of the available technologies.

Annotated Bibliography

Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health Information Technology Continues To Show Positive Effect On Medical Outcomes: Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(2), e41. http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/8793

The article explains about the positive effects that health information technology has on the medical outcomes. The authors explain about the origin of health information technology, where it was introduced in the 60s, and its implementation became evident in the 1990s. The article is qualitative and is conducted with a primary aim of analyzing the current literature about the implication of the HIT resources on the medical outcomes.

The authors conducted a search in various databases with the main ones being MEDLINE and CINAHL, where the most recent peer-reviewed publications were assessed. According to the findings of the article, over 81% of the sources suggested that there is at least one medical outcome that is as a direct result of adoption of HIT in healthcare. The article is therefore a source that shows some of the positive effects that HIT is associated with in the healthcare outcomes.

Hodgson, T., Magrabi, F., & Coiera, E. (2018). Evaluating the Efficiency and Safety of Speech Recognition within a Commercial Electronic Health Record System: A Replication Study. Applied clinical informatics, 9(2), 326. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649509

This article entails the analysis of a critical aspect in an electronic health record system, which is a speech recognition system. The authors conduct a study with the aim of validating different risks and inefficiencies that are encountered when using speech recognition technologies in electronic health record system. The study analyses thirty five ED clinicians using the experimental design, examining the various technical issues that could lead to poor performance of the speech recognition systems.

The results of the study show that speech recognition is a technology that leads to increased errors as well as reduced time deficiencies. The study suggests that much as the new technology of speech recognition software may have a smart model of implementation, it poses various challenges to performance, which call for integration of even better technologies in the collection of information using electronic health records.

Gidwani, R., Nguyen, C., Kofoed, A., Carragee, C., Rydel, T., Nelligan, I., & Lin, S. (2017). Impact of Scribes on Physician Satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, and Charting Efficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 15(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2122

The article explains the impacts of having scribes in healthcare, in terms of the charting efficiency, patient satisfaction, and physician satisfaction. Scribes are medical professionals who assist in the transcription of information during patient visits into the electronic health records in the presence of the supervision of physicians. One of the main reasons why clinical systems have become hard to implement is the workload they create for direct care physicians, and hence most healthcare facilities have implemented the position of scribes. The authors of the article conducted the study with the aim of understanding the effect that medical scribes have using a randomized control trial.

In the control set up, the study involved tasks where physicians conducted their regular activities such as charting without the assistance of the scribes. The findings show that scribes are among the top individuals who help in boosting physician satisfaction as they help to maintain their healthy contact without interference from the other technology demands of the healthcare process. They also help in improving the accuracy of charts, reduce physician burnout, and hence indirectly promote improvement in implementation of new technologies in facilities.

Griffin, A., Skinner, A., Thornhill, J., & Weinberger, M. (2016). Patient Portals: Who Uses Them? What Features Do They Use? And Do They Reduce Hospital Readmissions? Applied clinical informatics, 7(2), 489. Doi: 10.4338/ACI-2016-01-RA-0003

The article explains some of the information surrounding the use of patient portals, which is among the top technologies that have been implemented recently to improve healthcare outcomes. The aim of the article is to identify the common characteristics of patients who are associated with the use of patient portals, to determine the frequency of usage of patient portals, and to examine the relationship between the usage of patient portals with hospital readmission.

The authors start by explaining some of the proven benefits of using patient portals, which include but are not limited to improved patient engagement, better patient-provider relations, and increased patient satisfaction. The methodology applied in the study is the monitoring of the UNC Chart, where patients of pneumonia, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure are examined. The results indicate that chronic disease patients who have higher chances of readmission are the primary users of patient portals. It also recommends healthcare systems to increase the campaigns for the use of patient portals in healthcare as they are associated with improved results.

Conclusion

The four peer-reviewed sources show that clinical systems play a central role in the implementation of clinical outcomes, despite the presence of different challenges that prevent their swift implementation. The use of health information technology has increased over the course of the past few decades, and has been successfully applied in the implementation of physician and patient satisfaction. Patient portals, for example, have made it easier for patients to access first hand healthcare, where they can monitor the progress of their illness and healthcare givers can also track their medications.

Among some of the common challenges that are associated with the application of the new clinical systems is increased fatigue among primary healthcare providers. A solution to the same is the use of scribes, who take up much of the non-clinical roles such as documentation and patient charting. Some technologies, however, are not as successful, and need improvement for them to be beneficial in the implementation of better patient outcomes. One example of such technologies is the speech recognition software, which does not have significant effects in improving healthcare delivery. Healthcare managers should vet the different technologies before implementing them in facilities on a wide scale.

References

Gidwani, R., Nguyen, C., Kofoed, A., Carragee, C., Rydel, T., Nelligan, I., & Lin, S. (2017). Impact of Scribes on Physician Satisfaction, Patient Satisfaction, and Charting Efficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Annals of Family Medicine, 15(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2122

Griffin, A., Skinner, A., Thornhill, J., & Weinberger, M. (2016). Patient Portals: Who Uses Them? What Features Do They Use? And Do They Reduce Hospital Readmissions? Applied clinical informatics, 7(2), 489. Doi: 10.4338/ACI-2016-01-RA-0003

Hodgson, T., Magrabi, F., & Coiera, E. (2018). Evaluating the Efficiency and Safety of Speech Recognition within a Commercial Electronic Health Record System: A Replication Study. Applied clinical informatics, 9(2), 326. Doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649509

Kruse, C. S., & Beane, A. (2018). Health Information Technology Continues To Show Positive Effect On Medical Outcomes: Systematic Review. Journal of medical Internet research, 20(2), e41. http://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/8793

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FAQs

How to Write an Annotated Bibliography: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

An annotated bibliography is a list of sources that you have consulted for a research project, paper, or thesis. Each source is accompanied by a brief description, evaluation, and analysis, known as an annotation. Writing an annotated bibliography is a time-consuming and challenging task, but it is an essential component of any academic project. In this article, we will guide you through the process of writing an annotated bibliography step-by-step.

What is an Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is a list of sources, such as books, journal articles, and websites, that you have used in your research. It includes a citation for each source, followed by a brief summary and evaluation of the source. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to provide your readers with an overview of the sources you have used and to help them understand the relevance and quality of each source.

What is the Purpose of an Annotated Bibliography?

An annotated bibliography serves several purposes, including:

• Providing a summary of the sources you have used for your research project
• Evaluating the quality and relevance of each source
• Identifying the main arguments and themes of each source
• Comparing and contrasting different sources on a particular topic
• Identifying gaps and inconsistencies in the literature on a particular topic

Steps to Writing an Annotated Bibliography

Writing an annotated bibliography can be a daunting task, but by following these simple steps, you can create a well-organized and informative annotated bibliography.

Step 1: Choose Your Sources

Before you start writing your annotated bibliography, you need to identify and select the sources that you want to include. You should choose sources that are relevant to your research question or thesis statement. You should also consider the credibility and authority of the sources, as well as the publication date.

Step 2: Cite Your Sources

Once you have selected your sources, you need to create a citation for each source. There are different citation styles, such as MLA, APA, and Chicago, and you should choose the citation style that is appropriate for your project.

Step 3: Summarize the Sources

After you have created a citation for each source, you need to write a brief summary of the source. The summary should be concise and highlight the main arguments and themes of the source.

Step 4: Evaluate the Sources

In addition to summarizing the sources, you should also evaluate the sources. You should consider the quality and relevance of the source, as well as the author’s perspective and biases.

Step 5: Organize Your Annotated Bibliography

Once you have written a summary and evaluation for each source, you need to organize your annotated bibliography. You can organize your annotated bibliography alphabetically, chronologically, or thematically.

Tips for Writing an Annotated Bibliography

Here are some tips to help you write an effective annotated bibliography:

• Be concise and clear in your annotations.
• Use language that is appropriate for your audience.
• Include a variety of sources, such as books, journal articles, and websites.
• Use credible and authoritative sources.
• Use the citation style that is appropriate for your project.

Conclusion

Writing an annotated bibliography can be a challenging task, but it is an essential component of any research project, paper, or thesis. By following these simple steps and tips, you can create a well-organized and informative annotated bibliography that will impress your readers.

Examples of Clinical Systems in Healthcare

Clinical systems in healthcare refer to software and technology solutions that support healthcare providers in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patient care. These systems have become increasingly important in the delivery of modern healthcare, improving patient outcomes and helping healthcare professionals work more efficiently. In this article, we will discuss the different types of clinical systems commonly used in healthcare settings and their role in enhancing patient care.

Introduction to Clinical Systems in Healthcare

In recent years, clinical systems have transformed the way healthcare providers deliver care. These systems encompass a range of technologies, including electronic health records (EHRs), computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, medication management systems, and clinical decision support systems. The purpose of these systems is to improve the accuracy, safety, and efficiency of patient care.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs)

Electronic health records (EHRs) are the backbone of clinical systems in healthcare. EHRs are digital versions of patient medical records, containing comprehensive information about a patient’s health history, medications, allergies, and lab results. These records are accessible to authorized healthcare providers, enabling them to view a patient’s complete medical history in one place. This allows for more coordinated and efficient care, as providers can easily share information and make informed decisions.

Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) Systems

Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are another critical component of clinical systems in healthcare. These systems allow physicians to enter medication orders and other clinical orders electronically, reducing the likelihood of errors caused by illegible handwriting or miscommunication. CPOE systems also provide decision support, alerting physicians to potential drug interactions or other safety concerns.

Medication Management Systems

Medication management systems are used to support the prescribing, dispensing, and administration of medications in healthcare settings. These systems can help prevent medication errors, such as incorrect dosages or drug interactions, by providing alerts and decision support to healthcare providers. Medication management systems can also improve medication adherence by reminding patients to take their medications and providing education about their medications.

Clinical Decision Support Systems

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) provide healthcare providers with decision support at the point of care. These systems can suggest diagnoses, provide treatment recommendations, and alert providers to potential risks or complications. CDSS can be particularly useful in complex cases or situations where multiple treatment options are available.

Telehealth Systems

Telehealth systems are a newer addition to the range of clinical systems used in healthcare. These systems allow healthcare providers to deliver care remotely, using video conferencing, messaging, or other forms of communication. Telehealth systems can be used for routine visits, follow-up care, or in emergency situations. These systems have become increasingly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, enabling healthcare providers to continue to deliver care while minimizing the risk of transmission.

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS)

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) are used to manage medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. PACS systems allow healthcare providers to view and share medical images electronically, improving the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. PACS systems can also reduce the need for physical film storage and transportation, saving time and resources.

Health Information Exchange (HIE) Systems

Health Information Exchange (HIE) systems allow for the sharing of health information between different healthcare providers and organizations. This can help improve the coordination of care and ensure that providers have access to all the information they need to make informed decisions. HIE systems can also reduce the duplication of tests and procedures, saving time and resources.

Laboratory Information Systems (LIS)

Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) are clinical systems that manage and track laboratory test orders and results. These systems streamline the entire laboratory testing process, from sample collection to result reporting. LIS can be used in a variety of laboratory settings, including hospitals, clinics, and research facilities.

LIS provide several benefits to healthcare providers, including improved efficiency and accuracy in the laboratory testing process. These systems automate many aspects of the laboratory workflow, reducing the need for manual data entry and minimizing the risk of errors. LIS can also help ensure that all necessary information is captured, such as patient demographics and test orders, and that results are delivered in a timely and accurate manner.

LIS also provide decision support for healthcare providers. These systems can flag abnormal results or alert providers to potential issues with a test, such as sample contamination. LIS can also provide reference ranges for test results, allowing providers to interpret the results accurately.

In addition, LIS can improve patient safety by reducing the risk of errors in the laboratory testing process. For example, LIS can flag potential conflicts between medications and test results, alerting providers to potential safety issues. LIS can also ensure that all necessary tests are ordered and that results are delivered in a timely manner, improving the overall quality of patient care.

Overall, LIS are a critical component of clinical systems in healthcare, providing essential support for laboratory testing and improving the accuracy and efficiency of patient care.

Recent Advancements of Clinical Information Systems: Opportunities and Challenges

The healthcare industry has been revolutionized by the introduction of clinical information systems (CIS). The use of these systems has significantly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery, resulting in better patient outcomes. The continued advancements in CIS technology have led to new opportunities and challenges for healthcare providers. In this article, we will explore the recent advancements of clinical information systems, the opportunities they present, and the challenges they pose.

Introduction

• Explanation of clinical information systems
• Brief history of CIS
• Importance of CIS in healthcare

Advancements in Clinical Information Systems

• Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
• Mobile Health (mHealth)
• Telemedicine
• Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)

Opportunities Presented by Recent Advancements

• Improved Patient Outcomes
• Increased Efficiency and Productivity
• Better Communication and Collaboration
• Personalized Healthcare
• Reduced Healthcare Costs

Challenges Posed by Recent Advancements

• Data Security and Privacy
• Interoperability
• Resistance to Change
• Integration with Legacy Systems
• Cost of Implementation and Maintenance

Future of Clinical Information Systems

• Predictive Analytics and Big Data
• Blockchain Technology
• Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
• Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
• Cloud Computing

Conclusion

The continued advancements in clinical information systems have presented new opportunities and challenges for healthcare providers. The adoption of these systems has improved the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery, resulting in better patient outcomes. However, challenges such as data security and privacy, interoperability, resistance to change, and cost of implementation and maintenance must be addressed. The future of clinical information systems looks promising with the emergence of predictive analytics and big data, blockchain technology, IoMT, VR/AR, and cloud computing.

The Difference Between CIS and AIS

When it comes to understanding the differences between CIS and AIS, it’s important to first understand what these terms mean. CIS and AIS are both related to gender identity, and they refer to different ways in which an individual may identify. In this article, we’ll explore the differences between CIS and AIS, as well as some of the factors that can influence an individual’s gender identity.

Understanding CIS

CIS, or cisgender, refers to individuals who identify with the gender that they were assigned at birth. In other words, if a person is born with male genitalia and identifies as a man, they would be considered CIS. Similarly, if a person is born with female genitalia and identifies as a woman, they would also be considered CIS.

While CIS individuals may not necessarily think much about their gender identity, it’s important to remember that not everyone experiences gender in the same way. For those who do identify with the gender they were assigned at birth, their gender identity may simply be a non-issue in their daily lives.

Understanding AIS

AIS, or androgen insensitivity syndrome, is a medical condition that affects the development of a person’s sex characteristics. Individuals with AIS are born with male chromosomes (XY), but their bodies don’t respond to androgens (male hormones) in the way that a typical male body would. As a result, their bodies may develop as female or somewhere in between.

For individuals with AIS, their gender identity may not always align with their physical characteristics. Some individuals with AIS may identify as female, while others may identify as non-binary or gender non-conforming.

The Intersection of Gender Identity and Biology

It’s important to note that gender identity and biology aren’t always synonymous. While CIS individuals typically have a gender identity that aligns with their physical characteristics, this isn’t always the case. Similarly, individuals with AIS may not always identify with the gender that their bodies would suggest.

There are many different factors that can influence an individual’s gender identity, including their upbringing, their cultural background, and their personal experiences. While there is still much to learn about the complex nature of gender identity, it’s important to approach this topic with empathy and respect.

Navigating Gender Identity

Navigating gender identity can be challenging, especially for those who don’t fit neatly into traditional gender categories. However, it’s important to remember that there is no one “right” way to be a man or a woman (or any other gender, for that matter). Each person’s gender identity is unique, and it’s up to them to decide how they want to express themselves.

If you or someone you know is struggling with issues related to gender identity, there are resources available to help. From support groups to counseling services, there are many different ways to find support and understanding.

Conclusion

In conclusion, CIS and AIS are two different ways in which individuals may identify with their gender. While CIS individuals identify with the gender they were assigned at birth, individuals with AIS may not always identify with the gender that their bodies suggest. Ultimately, gender identity is a complex and personal experience, and it’s important to approach this topic with empathy and understanding.

Impact of HIPAA on System Implementation, Clinical Care, and Workflow