Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation
Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation: Which genetic mutations are commonly associated with the disease? Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described? Discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease in detail. What do the blood test results tell us about the disease and disease progression? Verified Expert Answer Alterations in Cellular Processes Genetic Factors and Symptom Presentation This case involves a 38-year-old man with a history of asthma is exhibiting symptoms that are typical of an anaphylactic reaction in this instance. Certain genetic predispositions may make a patient more susceptible to allergic reactions, even though no new exposures were found. Increased IgE production has been linked to polymorphisms in genes such IL4, IL13, and FCER1A, which may cause hypersensitivity reactions in people who are predisposed to allergies (Rojo-Tolosa et al., 2024). A Th2-dominant immune profile is suggested by his history of asthma, which could lead to increased immune responses. Repeated anaphylaxis reactions without a recognized cause could be a sign of immunological dysregulation or underlying genetic impact. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis The immediate and severe hypersensitivity reaction known as anaphylaxis is mainly caused by immunoglobulin E. Histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are among the chemical mediators released by mast cells and basophils when the immune system comes into contact with an allergen, even in the absence of a recently discovered exposure. These chemicals result in bronchial smooth muscle contraction by increasing vascular permeability and vasodilation. Capillary leakage and fluid buildup in tissues cause the patient’s angioedema and hives (Nuñez-Borque et al., 2022). When peripheral vasodilation and plasma leakage into interstitial spaces result in hypotension, tachycardia is the body’s compensating reaction. Interpretation of Vital Signs and Disease Progression Systemic involvement is evident from the patient’s initial vital signs, despite the lack of particular laboratory data. While a respiratory rate of 28 and an oxygen saturation of 90% signal respiratory impairment, a blood pressure reading of 100/62 indicates early hypotension. According to Zhang et al. (2025), compensatory tachycardia in response to cardiovascular load is indicated by a heart rate of 126 beats per minute. Serum tryptase levels can be checked to verify mast cell activation in cases of suspected anaphylaxis. Additional immunologic testing might be required because of the symptoms’ recurring and inexplicable character. References Nuñez-Borque, E., Fernandez-Bravo, S., Yuste-Montalvo, A., & Esteban, V. (2022). Pathophysiological, cellular, and molecular events of the vascular system in anaphylaxis. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 836222. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.836222 Links to an external site. Rojo-Tolosa, S., Sánchez-Martínez, J. A., Caballero-Vázquez, A., Pineda-Lancheros, L. E., González-Gutiérrez, M. V., Pérez-Ramírez, C., … & Morales-García, C. (2024). SingleNucleotide Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Mepolizumab and Benralizumab Treatment Response in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(15), 8139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158139 Links to an external site. Zhang, C., Collins, L., & Manders, E. K. (2025). The Organization of Vital Signs for Pattern Recognition. Medical Science Educator, 35(1), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-024-02207-5 Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Alterations in Cellular Processes At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally. Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans. For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts. You must use current evidence-based resources (Primary and secondary) to support your initial posting and all responses to your colleagues. Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. WEEKLY RESOURCES To prepare: By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor. by day 3 of Week 1 Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation: Which genetic mutations are commonly associated with the disease? Why is the patient presenting with the specific symptoms described? Discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease in detail. What do the blood test results tell us about the disease and disease progression? Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses. by day 6 of Week 1 Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not. Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your peers’ posting. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit! Guide to Disease Explanation in Pathophysiology Introduction Understanding disease pathophysiology requires a systematic approach that integrates genetic, molecular, and clinical perspectives. This comprehensive guide provides nursing students and practitioners with a structured framework for analyzing and explaining diseases highlighted in clinical scenarios, with particular emphasis on genetic factors, symptom presentation, and therapeutic interventions. Theoretical Framework for Disease Analysis The Pathophysiological Triad Modern disease analysis in advanced nursing practice relies on three interconnected components: Genetic Foundation: The hereditary basis of disease susceptibility Environmental Triggers: External factors that initiate or exacerbate disease processes Phenotypic Expression: The observable manifestation of disease in patients According to McCance
Psychiatric notes are a way to reflect on your practicum experiences and connect the experiences to the learning you gain from your weekly Learning Resources. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation notes, such as the ones required in this practicum
Psychiatric notes are a way to reflect on your practicum experiences and connect the experiences to the learning you gain from your weekly Learning Resources. Assignment 2: Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note and Patient Case Presentation Psychiatric notes are a way to reflect on your practicum experiences and connect the experiences to the learning you gain from your weekly Learning Resources. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation notes, such as the ones required in this practicum course, are often used in clinical settings to document patient care. For this Assignment, you will document information about a patient that you examined at your practicum site, using the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template provided. You will then use this note to develop and record a case presentation for this patient. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about impulse-control and conduct disorders. Select a patient for whom you conducted psychotherapy during the last 6 weeks. Create a Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note on this patient using the template provided in the Learning Resources. There is also a completed template provided as an exemplar and guide. All psychiatric evaluation notes must be signed, and each page must be initialed by your Preceptor. When you submit your note, you should include the complete comprehensive evaluation note as a Word document and pdf/images of each page that is initialed and signed by your Preceptor. You must submit your note using SafeAssign. Please Note: Electronic signatures are not accepted. If both files are not received by the due date, Faculty will deduct points per the Walden Grading Policy. Then, based on your evaluation of this patient, develop a video presentation of the case. Plan your presentation using the Assignment rubric and rehearse what you plan to say. Be sure to review the Kaltura Media Uploader resource in the left-hand navigation of the classroom for help creating your self-recorded Kaltura video. Include at least five scholarly resources to support your assessment and diagnostic reasoning. Ensure that you have the appropriate lighting and equipment to record the presentation. The Assignment Record yourself presenting the complex case study for your clinical patient. In your presentation: Dress professionally and present yourself in a professional manner. Display your photo ID at the start of the video when you introduce yourself. Ensure that you do not include any information that violates the principles of HIPAA (i.e., don’t use the patient’s name or any other identifying information). Present the full complex case study. Be succinct in your presentation, and do not exceed 8 minutes. Include subjective and objective data; assessment from most recent mental status exam; current psychiatric diagnosis including differentials that were ruled out; current psychotherapeutic plan (include one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy you provided); and patient progress toward treatment goals. Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What was the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses in order of highest to lowest priority and explain why you chose them. What was your primary diagnosis and why? Describe how your primary diagnosis aligns with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and is supported by the patient’s symptoms. Plan: What was your plan for psychotherapy (including one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy)? What was your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Expert Answer and Explanation Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note and Patient Case Presentation Subjective: CC (chief complaint): The client’s mother complains that her child has been engaging in fights and has been so impulsive on many occasions. HPI: DK is a 14-years-old female of White origin whose mother requested that she be connected to treatment services. The patient’s mother complains that the patient often initiates physical fights with her peers at school. She also intimidates and bullies other students. She has been physically cruel to her peers and mother on several occasions. The patient’s mother also complains that the patient has a history of violent outbursts, anger problems, and impulsivity. When she is angry, she often punches walls and attacks others. The client also reports a feeling of stress and anxiety when she is in public and around many people. Her behaviors have deteriorated her relationship with her peers as they fear being around her. Her grades have also decreased. She has been suspended more than six times in the last three semesters for fighting her peers. Substance Current Use: She denies substance abuse or alcohol intake at the moment. Medical History: She denies any medical problems. Current Medications: No medications Allergies:No allergies. Reproductive Hx:She does not have any reproductive abnormality and is sexually inactive. ROS: GENERAL: No weakness, weight loss, fatigue, or chills. No weight loss, fever, chills, weakness, or fatigue. HEENT: Eyes: No double vision, yellow sclerae, blurred vision, or visual loss. Ears, Nose, Throat: No sneezing, hearing, sore throat, or congestion. SKIN: No rash. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, edema, chest pressure, palpitations, or chest discomfort. RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath, history of coughing, or sputum. GASTROINTESTINAL: No stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, or anorexia. GENITOURINARY: No odor, urgency, odd color, hesitancy, or burning on urination. NEUROLOGICAL: No numbness, or tingling in the extremities, syncope, headaches, change in bladder control, or paralysis. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint or muscle pain. HEMATOLOGIC: No bleeding, bruising, anemia. LYMPHATICS: No history of splenectomy. ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No reports of endocrinologic abnormalities. Objective: Vital Signs: BP 108/79, RR 16, P 67, Temp 36.8, Ht. 63 inches, Wt. 105 lbs. Physical Exam HEENT: Eyes: No glasses. The pupil size is 3.5 mm. The reactivity, symmetry, and shape of the pupil are
Review the video Case Study Dev Cordoba. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar.
Review the video Case Study Dev Cordoba. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar. Assignment: Focused SOAP Note for Anxiety, PTSD, and OCD In assessing patients with anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and trauma and stressor-related disorders, you will continue the practice of looking to understand chief symptomology in order to develop a diagnosis. With a differential diagnosis in mind, you can then move to a treatment and follow-up plan that may involve both psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic approaches. In this Assignment, you use a case study to develop a focused SOAP note based on evidence-based approaches. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing and diagnosing anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations. Review the video Case Study Dev Cordoba. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. The Assignment Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TRcriteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you could follow up with this patient. Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). Expert Answer and Explanation Focused SOAP Note for Major Depressive Disorder Subjective: CC (chief complaint): “anxious and worried all the time.” HPI: DC is a 7-year-old African American boy who is brought to the school clinic by her mother with a CC of being “anxious and worried all the time.” The patient reports that he is worried all the time about many things, including being left by his family and being lost, and has nightmares about the same. He reports having nightmares almost daily. The patient states that she feels lonely due to his father’s absence and feels his mother is not giving him much attention compared to his brother. Her mother reports a decrease in the patient’s school performance characterized by increased absenteeism and lack of concentration in school. He has issues with wetting the bed even after being given medications to help with the issue. As a result, he finds it difficult to interact with his peers at school since they say he smells bad. DC has also been displaying violence both in school and at home. The patient’s mother reports a sudden loss in appetite, with the patient losing three pounds within the past three days. He has never had any prior visitations to a psychiatric clinic before this and was referred by the child’s pediatrician who states that there is nothing physically wrong with DC. Past Psychiatric History: General Statement: The patient has never had any psychiatric assessment before and was referred back to the school clinic by his pediatrician citing the absence of physiological issues. Caregivers: The patient is under the care of his mother. Hospitalizations: No hospitalization. The patient also denies having any thoughts of hurting himself Medication trials: No indication from the mother of having participated in any medical trials. Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: Denies having a past diagnosis of a psychological health condition. Substance Current Use and History: Denies any history of substance use or secondary exposure to the same. Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: denies knowing any family member with a psychiatric or substance use history. Psychosocial History: The patient is currently a grade two student but has very few social interactions or friends at school. The patient’s father was killed on a military mission and currently lives with her mother. The patient has a dog called sparky and LEGOs which he likes to play with. Medical History: No history of mental conditions. Current Medications: Previous prescription of desmopressin. Allergies: no allergies reported. Reproductive Hx: N/A. ROS GENERAL: positive for sudden weight loss, occasional loss of concentration. Denies having any fever or fatigue. HEENT: N/A SKIN: N/A CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest discomfort, tightness, or pain RESPIRATORY: No shortness of breath or wheezing sound GASTROINTESTINAL: N/A GENITOURINARY: Denies having UTI. Normal volume and consistency of urination NEUROLOGICAL: No neurological disorders. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No MS disorders noted HEMATOLOGIC: N/A LYMPHATICS: Non-contributory ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No endocrinologic abnormalities were noted Objective: Physical exam: Vital Signs: T 35.2, HR, 70, BP 100/58, Wt. 38, Ht. 4’5,
Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template
Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. FOCUSED SOAP NOTE FOR ANXIETY, PTSD, AND OCD In this Assignment, you use a case study to develop a focused SOAP note based on evidence-based approaches. TO PREPARE Review this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the insights they provide about assessing and diagnosing anxiety, obsessive compulsive, and trauma-related disorders. Review the Focused SOAP Note template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. There is also a Focused SOAP Note Exemplar provided as a guide for Assignment expectations. Review the video Case Study Dev Cordoba. You will use this case as the basis of this Assignment. In this video, a Walden faculty member is assessing a mock patient. The patient will be represented onscreen as an avatar. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. THE ASSIGNMENT Develop a Focused SOAP Note, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate a primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TR criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Plan: What is your plan for psychotherapy? What is your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Also incorporate one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Discuss what your next intervention would be if you could follow up with this patient.?Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion, and disease prevention, taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Provide at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines that relate to this case to support your diagnostics and differential diagnoses. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). Expert Answer and Explanation Focused SOAP Note for Anxiety, PTSD, and OCD Subjective: CC (chief complaint): “I feel worried all the time.” HPI: Dev C., a 7-year-old male of Hispanic descent, is brought in by his mother for evaluation due to persistent anxiety, nightmares, and behavioral issues. He has never seen a mental health professional before. His current medications include DDVAP for bedwetting, which has not been effective. Dev has been experiencing significant worry about his family’s well-being, nightmares about being lost, and daytime anxiety affecting his school performance. He has a history of throwing objects when upset but has no history of self-harm. His mother reports he often expresses fears about her dying or not picking him up from school and claims she loves his baby brother more than him. Substance Current Use: No current or past use of caffeine, nicotine, illicit substances, or alcohol. Medical History: Current Medications: DDVAP (dosage and frequency not specified in the transcript, used for bedwetting). Allergies: None reported. Reproductive Hx: Not applicable. ROS: GENERAL: Frequent headaches and stomachaches, recent weight loss of 3 pounds over three weeks. HEENT: No specific complaints reported. SKIN: No specific complaints reported. CARDIOVASCULAR: No specific complaints reported. RESPIRATORY: No specific complaints reported. GASTROINTESTINAL: Complaints of frequent stomachaches. GENITOURINARY: Bedwetting at night. NEUROLOGICAL: No specific complaints reported. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No specific complaints reported. HEMATOLOGIC: No specific complaints reported. LYMPHATICS: No specific complaints reported. ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No specific complaints reported. Objective: Diagnostic results: No labs, X-rays, or other diagnostics were performed or indicated in the transcript. Assessment: Mental Status Examination: Dev appears his stated age, dressed appropriately, and is cooperative throughout the interview. His mood is anxious, and his affect is congruent with his mood. Speech is normal in rate and volume. His thought processes are logical and goal-directed. He expresses worries about his mother’s safety and fears abandonment, indicative of separation anxiety. No hallucinations or delusions are reported. His cognition appears intact for his age, understanding the current date and location (Bitsko, 2022). Insight and judgment are limited but appropriate for his age. No suicidal or homicidal ideations are present. Diagnostic Impression: Primary Diagnosis: Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (F93.0) Rationale: Dev’s persistent and excessive worry about losing his mother and his difficulty being away from her align with SAD. Secondary Diagnosis: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (F43.1) Rationale: The traumatic loss of his father, persistent nightmares, and hypervigilance (worrying about his mother’s safety) suggest PTSD. Other Considerations: Enuresis (bedwetting) (F98.0), as reported by his mother. Reflections: I agree with the preceptor’s assessment, as the patient’s symptoms and history strongly support the diagnoses of Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Boland et al., 2022). Dev exhibits clear signs of SAD, such as excessive worry about his mother’s safety and significant distress when separated from her. The history of his father’s death and the subsequent behavioral and emotional changes point to PTSD, evidenced by his recurrent nightmares, persistent anxiety, and hypervigilance. This case identifies the critical need for addressing traumatic experiences early in a child’s life to mitigate long-term psychological impacts. Providing appropriate support and interventions for young patients experiencing significant anxiety and loss is essential (Thapar et al., 2015). It ensures their emotional and psychological well-being and helps prevent the potential escalation of symptoms into more severe mental health issues as they grow. Interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. With this and all cases, remember to consider the patient’s cultural background
For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. Assignment Assessing and Diagnosing Patients With Substance–Related and Addictive Disorders An important consideration when working with patients is their cultural background. Understanding an individual’s culture and personal experiences provides insight into who the person is and where he or she may progress in the future. Culture helps to establish a sense of identity, as well as to set values, behaviors, and purpose for individuals within a society. Culture may also contribute to a divide between specific interpretations of cultural behavior and societal norms. What one culture may deem as appropriate another culture may find inappropriate. As a result, it is important for advanced practice nurses to remain aware of cultural considerations and interpretations of behavior for diagnosis, especially with reference to substance-related disorders. At the same time, PMHNPs must balance their professional and legal responsibilities for assessment and diagnosis with such cultural considerations and interpretations. For this Assignment you will practice assessing and diagnosing a patient in a case study who is experiencing a substance-related or addictive disorder. With this and all cases, remember to consider the patient’s cultural background. To Prepare: Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide. Review the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation template, which you will use to complete this Assignment. By Day 1 of this week select a specific video case study to use for this Assignment from the Video Case Selections choices in the Learning Resources. View your assigned video case and review the additional data for the case in the “Case History Reports” document, keeping the requirements of the evaluation template in mind. Consider what history would be necessary to collect from this patient. Consider what interview questions you would need to ask this patient. Identify at least three possible differential diagnoses for the patient. By Day 7 of Week 8 Complete and submit your Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation, including your differential diagnosis and critical-thinking process to formulate primary diagnosis. Incorporate the following into your responses in the template: Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What is the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses with supporting evidence, listed in order from highest priority to lowest priority. Compare the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for each differential diagnosis and explain what DSM-5-TR criteria rules out the differential diagnosis to find an accurate diagnosis. Explain the critical-thinking process that led you to the primary diagnosis you selected. Include pertinent positives and pertinent negatives for the specific patient case. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this client if you could conduct the session over? Also include in your reflection a discussion related to legal/ethical considerations (demonstrate critical thinking beyond confidentiality and consent for treatment!), health promotion and disease prevention taking into consideration patient factors (such as age, ethnic group, etc.), PMH, and other risk factors (e.g., socioeconomic, cultural background, etc.). Expert Answer and Explanation Substance Abuse Disorder Subjective: CC: “I am scared and worried about going to a rehab facility.” HPI: Lisa Pittman is a 29-years-old female of white origin. She came to West Palm Beach, FL, detox facility to get a piece of advice on whether to join a rehab institution. Lisa is scared of joining a rehab facility because of how society will treat her. She says that if she goes to rehab, she will not get a job. She is also scared that people will see her as an addict when she joins a rehab facility. She says that Jeremy, her boyfriend influenced her to take crack cocaine. She spends a lot of money on cocaine. She says that she has to use cocaine regularly to feel good. She reports that if she does not use cocaine, she will feel worse and horrible. She continues to use cocaine even if she knows that she needs help. Her cocaine use has affected her daily activities. She does not eat properly and has poor sleeping habits. Past Psychiatric History: General Statement: No history of treatment for psychiatric conditions. Caregivers (if applicable): No Caregivers Hospitalizations: No hospitalization. Medication trials: No prior history of medical trials. Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: The patient has never undergone psychiatric treatment and has no mental problems. Substance Current Use and History: She says that she takes crack cocaine. He spends $100 daily to buy cocaine. She uses cannabis. She takes it about 1-2 times weekly. She drinks 2-3 bottles of alcohol once weekly. Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Her brother has a history of opioid abuse. Her father was jailed for drug possession. Her mother has a history of benzodiazepine abuse and anxiety. Psychosocial History: She was born in Alabama, where her parents raised her. Her mother raised her after her father was jailed when she was 5-7 years old. She has a single sibling, a brother who has not visited them for ten years. She currently lives with her boyfriend in Florida. She has a daughter who lives with her friends. She studied digital marketing in college. She likes to party with friends and get high. She was convicted for possessing drugs and is currently on probation. She is a digital marketer and creates commercial websites for businesses. Her father sexually assaulted her when she was 5-7 years old. She recently witnessed her boyfriend having sexual intercourse with another woman. Medical History: Lisa has hepatitis C. Current Medications: No medications Allergies: She has amoxicillin allergies. Reproductive Hx: She is sexually active. The menstrual cycle is regular. She uses an intrauterine device as her contraceptive method. There are no reproductive concerns. ROS: GENERAL: Positive for low appetite. No weakness, chills, fever, or fatigue. HEENT: No abnormalities. SKIN: No itching. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest pain, edema, leg cramps, dyspnea, or ankle swelling. RESPIRATORY: No pain with breathing,
Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Promotion Recommendations To Deliver In Their Own Communities (Ex: Hispanics-Diabetes, Africanamericans
Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Identify A Population To Assess And Develop An Evidence-Based, Primary Care Health Promotion Recommendations To Deliver In Their Own Communities (Ex: Hispanics-Diabetes, Africanamericans And Prostate Cancer,Etc). This An Example Of A Student Posting: Each Population Has Some Specific Health Issues That Can Require Health Promotion Programs. American Indian Population Attracts Attention In This Context Because Of The Specific State Of Affairs. Although This Population Has Several Main Health Issues For Which Health Promotion Can Be Required, All These Issues Can Be Solved By Following The Directions That Cause A Generally Healthy Lifestyle. According To The U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services (N.D.), The Main Issues In The American Indian Population Is Diabetes, Obesity, And Tobacco Use. Even Though Those Are Three Different Issues, The Health Promotion For Solving Them Is Quite Similar. Such Promotions Have To Be Generally Focused On A Healthy Lifestyle. This Means Healthy Nutrition – Less Fat And Sweet Food And More Healthy Food And Balanced Nutrition. The Next Item Is Physical Activity – Starting With Such Common Advice As More Walking And Ending With Making Sport A Healthy Habit. This Advice Is Also Helpful For Coping With Tobacco Use. This Habit Often Appears When A Person Has Stress With Which It Is Hard To Cope. However, Sport Is Helpful In Decreasing The Level Of Stress, And Therefore, It Can Be Useful To Break The Smoking Habit. Therefore, One Can See That Advice Directed On Causing A Healthy Lifestyle Is Helpful For Coping With Health Issues, Widespread In The American Indian Population. This Way, One Can See That Even Though The American Indian Population Has Several Main Health Issues That Can Require Healthcare Promotion Programs, All These Issues Can Be Solved By Following The Directions That Cause A Generally Healthy Lifestyle. The Issues Of Diabetes, Obesity, And Tobacco Can Be Solved With Healthy Nutrition And Physical Activity. Reference U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Promotion. Retrieved 20 March 2020, from https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/hpdp/ Expert Answer and Explanation Health promotion for Hispanics Population Different populations grapple with different health issues, and for the Hispanics, diabetes presents a major health concern. Although this population is at risk of developing various conditions linked to individual lifestyle behaviors, diabetes seems to be the most prevalent disease in this group. This group constitutes individuals of various sub-ethnic groups including Mexicans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans. In the United States (U.S.), 4 in 10 adults are at risk of developing the disease. Among members of the Hispanics communities, however, 1 in 2 adult individuals are likely to develop the disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Certain key factors may explain the high incidences of the disease among members of the Hispanic population. Genetics play a role in the development of this clinical condition. While the degree of impact of the gene on the risk is unclear, it is possible that genetics plays a role in the development of the illness. However, food can also explain the high risk of the disease in this group. Individuals who are members of this culture eat food that is high in calories and fat, and based on this culture, it is wrong for one to throw away food (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). This is the reason behind high rates of obesity in the population. Therefore, it is also possible that high cases of obesity in this group causes an increase in high rates of diabetes. Because of the high rates of diabetes in this group, there is need to promote the health of the Hispanics through education. The goal of the education is to bring the change of behavior, and empower Hispanics to learn how they can manage their own health. For example, they can learn how to integrate physiotherapy into their personal health promotion plan (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Hispanic/Latino Americans and Type 2 Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/hispanic-diabetes.html. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Health Promotion. https://www.ihs.gov/communityhealth/hpdp/. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. FAQs African American Culture Healthcare Beliefs: Understanding the Historical, Social, and Cultural Contexts Healthcare beliefs and practices are deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and historical contexts of a community. Understanding these contexts is crucial for healthcare providers to provide culturally competent care. In this article, we will explore the healthcare beliefs of African Americans, one of the most diverse and vibrant ethnic groups in the United States. Historical Context The healthcare beliefs of African Americans are closely tied to their historical experiences, particularly the legacy of slavery, racism, and discrimination. Slaves were often denied access to healthcare and medical treatment, and their traditional healing practices were deemed inferior and even criminalized. This legacy of mistrust and skepticism towards the medical establishment still lingers in the African American community, and it shapes their attitudes towards healthcare today. Social Context The social context of African American healthcare beliefs is shaped by various factors such as socioeconomic status, education level, geographic location, and access to healthcare. African Americans are more likely to live in poverty, lack health insurance, and have limited access to quality healthcare facilities and services. These disparities contribute to a higher burden of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, in the African American community. Cultural Context African American healthcare beliefs are also shaped by their cultural heritage, which is rich and diverse. African Americans have a long tradition of holistic and spiritual healing practices, which incorporate elements of religion, faith, and community. Many African Americans rely on their family and friends for emotional and social support, and they often seek the advice of trusted community leaders and healers when it comes to health issues. Traditional Healing Practices: African American traditional healing practices include herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and home remedies. These practices are often passed down through generations and are
Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget?
Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget? Assignment: Why is it important for the nurse leader to provide a reasonable and fair operation budget? Although budget figures are estimates of future projections, why and how should nurse leaders be prepared to explain short-term variations? Nurse leaders have many responsibilities when it comes to the development of the budget. What issues would be considered most important for the nurse leader in this process? How should a nurse leader prepare to handle minimum staffing requirement costs in the budget process in case this is challenged? Besides a department budget approach, what other alternatives are available in the budgeting process? This APA essay will have 1200-1500 words with 4 supporting references. Make certain to include an introduction and conclusion paragraph, along a title and reference page. Expert Answer and Explanation Nurse Leader’s Role in Budgeting Organizations have to have clear plan on the goals they need to achieve, and budgeting plays crucial role when it comes to the development of this plan. An organization may want to complete certain tasks over a specific duration of time, and when the organization lacks a proper plan to direct the task completion objectives, these tasks can bog it down. This is noticeable with hospitals where the lack of a clear financial plan can have undesirable impact on the hospitals’ operations and functions. For the hospital, the budgeting is important in the sense that it helps individuals be aware of the hospital’s priorities, and they therefore make efforts to help the organization realize certain key objectives (Leger & Dunham-Taylor, 2018). A nurse leader’s role is particularly important in terms of preparation of the budget, and ensuring that the hospital operates within the confines of the budget as this study explores. Importance of the Nurse Leader Role in providing a Reasonable and Fair Budget When preparing the budget, a nurse leader has to ensure that it is reasonable and fair, and this is important because of the benefits linked to the budget of this nature. There is limited chance of experiencing errors in the budget if it is fair and reasonable, and this limits the possibility of manipulating the financial figures. Accordingly, a nurse leader may not face hurdles when it comes to handling of the financial data. A fair and reasonable budget, in addition, encourages the hospital, and a nurse leader in particular to stabilize the hospital’s revenues and expenses so that the hospital can effectively realize its objectives of managing patient’s needs. If a nurse leader fails to prepare a budget that is reasonable enough, it can be a challenge for a health facility to deliver the needed care services, and this may interfere with the hospital’s strategy (Leger & Dunham-Taylor, 2018). Therefore, a nurse leader can improve the transparency of the budgeting process by coming up with a fair and reasonable budget. Why and How the Nurse Leader Prepares to Explain Short-term Variations It is important for a nurse leader to prepare a budget in such a way that the budget they prepare has a favorable variance. Sometimes after preparing the budget, the nurse occupying the leadership position, may have to explain the short variations. Usually when they need to explain the source of these variations, the nurse has to prepare for this. The lack of the preparation can be a problem to the nurse. When the nurse is effectively prepared, they can be in a position to describe the source of the errors, and intervene to correct the same. Conversely, the lack of the preparation can cause a scenario where the nurse is unable to provide a clear explanation of the sources of the errors (Walsh, 2016). Accordingly, this can cause problems to the nurse, and it can have undesirable implications on their reputation. There are certain key ways in which a nurse leader can prepare to provide explanation pertaining to the sources of the variances. For example, they can gather data related to the daily census and patient acuity, and use the information to plan for the budget. This improves the transparency in the budgeting operations. They can also prepare by taking part in the budget preparation process so that they are able to understand the required resources and how their organization uses these resources. Besides, they can have the chief financial officer (CFO) take them through the budgeting process so that they become aware of the budget’s contents, and the way the CFO managed to arrive at the figures (Araújo et al., 2016). The Most Important Issue In terms of the Nurse Leader’s Role in Budget Preparation Nurse leader plays a crucial role in terms of advancing the budgeting goals, and for this leader, communication seems to be the most important issue. In organizational setting, it is important for the staff to be aware of the expectations of their organization. While a leader is responsible of reviewing details on how the organization expects to spend, and the amount it expects to generate, their role also extends to communicating the details of the budget of their organization. An engagement in which a leader shares the details of the budget with the nursing staff may encourage nurses to share information on what they feel the leader should include in the budget. By pursuing this approach to prepare the budget, a leader can help the hospital come up a fair and reasonable budget (Araújo et al., 2016). However, the nurse leader’s role in budgeting is not limited to communicating the details of the budget. They can also defend the budget when need arises. How a Nurse Leader can Handle Minimum Staffing Requirements Sometimes, a nurse leader may encounter a scenario where some members of the executive oppose the leader’s decision to include in the budget, the minimum staffing requirement (MSRs) costs. When presented with this issue, the nurse leader may focus on collecting evidence which they can use to support the claim that MSRs can be beneficial
What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders?
What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders? Organizational Strategies Assignment What are the characteristics of the consumers that you regularly see in your current work environment? What are some ways in that they are impacted by the other identified healthcare stakeholders? What effect has ACA had on stakeholders? Explain what strategies a nurse leader might adopt that would make it more effective? What is important for nurse leaders to share with their staff regarding payers? Why? Who are the various regulators that affect your healthcare organization? What is your role in the respective regulatory process? This PowerPoint® (Microsoft Office) or Impress® (Open Office) presentation should be a minimum of 20 slides, including a title and reference slide, with detailed speaker notes on content slides. Use at least four scholarly sources. Expert Answer and Explanation Understanding the health care delivery system is important, especially by a nurse leader. The ability to properly manage health care organizations is dependent on this understanding. A nurse leader needs to understand the nature of customers they serve, how different health care policies affect the and in extension, how the different stakeholders impact their role when delivering health care services to patients. The purpose of this presentation will be to explain the different elements that affect the strategic management of health care organizations. The individual objectives that will be used to guide the presentation include the following; To understand how stakeholders impact the consumers To understand the effects of ACA on stakeholders and how nurse leaders can make the policy more effective To identify important information that nurse leaders need to share with subordinate staff regarding payers To identify the various regulators affecting healthcare and the role of nurses in the respective regulatory process In health care, patients are regarded as the primary customers. In a study by Mazurenko et al. (2016), it was noted that most care providers didn’t initially consider patients as customers, however, with the evolution of health care and inclusion of patient satisfaction as a part of the performance metric, the view of patients as customers started being embraced. One of the elements to ensure customer satisfaction is to first understand the nature of customers being served. In a primary health care facility, the customers being served come from diverse backgrounds. The customers can be regarded from the following perspectives Racial and age backgrounds – One of the characteristics of customers served in a primary health care facility are patients coming from different cultural/racial backgrounds and from different ages. Such customers require to be given cultural and age sensitive care (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019) . The customers severed also have different levels of knowledge on matters health. Among this group of patients, there are those who are health savvy, meaning that they have knowledge on different aspects surrounding their state of health and apply the same knowledge to improve their health There are also those who have very limited knowledge or non at all on matters health. And lastly there are those who have some knowledge but fail to apply it to improve their health. The health care facility also serves customers with different financial capabilities, given that it is a public care facility, there is usually no discrimination, plus most of the care cost for those who are financially unable are catered for by Medicaid coverage. With the inclusion of technology in care delivery, we also deal with customers how have different levels of knowledge on technology use which usually determines the level of technology inclusion in their care delivery package. The last characteristic of customers served is that they all have different health care conditions and some have not at all, instead they come for various consultation services. Other than consumers, a health care facility has other stakeholders who impact the services offered. Some of the other stakeholders according to Leger and Dunham-Taylor (2018) include; Care providers (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, etc.) Insurance companies (providers of health care covers to consumers) Suppliers (including pharmaceutical companies, health care technology companies, among others) The government (local, state and federal) There are several ways through which consumers are affected by other stakeholders. One of the ways stakeholders is through policies formulated by the government. Policies such as Medicaid and Medicare are examples of polices that have been termed to have great impact on access to health care services by consumers (Nejati et al., 2019). Another way they can be impacted is through changes in pricing of services such as insurance covers, health care technology and medications, among other health car commodities. With changes in pricing either due to market forces or policies, the ability of consumers to afford health care services is also impacted. Another way consumers are impacted is through the quality of services given by care providers. If the services are substandard, then the level of satisfaction and outcomes will also be low. Introduction of new methods and technology can also impact consumers for example, the adoption of telemedicine services can affect how consumers receive their services from care providers The Affordable Care Act (ACA) also known as Obama-care was an act signed into law in 2010 by former US president Barack Obama. The act had two main goals which are to provide better health insurance coverage for Americans and lowering the overall cost of health care services. through the act, 16% of the population who had no access to health care services previously, (those not covered by their employers or national programs) were targeted. Since then the act has been said to bring some transformation in the health care sector (Frean et al., 2017). After the enactment of the ACA, the effects were felt by almost all the stakeholders withing the care delivery spectrum. Among those who were majorly impacted are the act are the consumers of health care services. ACA helped to reduce the number of previously uninsured Americans, which led to increased access to affordable care (Kominski et al., 2017). Another stakeholder affected were the primary care providers who, after the enactment of
Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators – what role can each play in health care quality, and cost containment?
Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators Module 1: Assignment Assignment: Professional Development Considering the five stakeholders in health care: consumers, providers, payers, suppliers, and regulators – what role can each play in health care quality, and cost containment? In your opinion, what health policy has had the greatest impact on health care in the United States? Why? Frame some arguments for or against the policy of mandated minimum staffing ratios in the positive versus normative economic dichotomy. This APA essay will have 1200-1500 words with 4 supporting references. Make certain to include an introduction and conclusion paragraph, along a title and reference page. Expert Answer and Explanation Professional Development Engaging with stakeholders is an essential element in which the organization can attain its success. The organization has to ensure a clear vision obtained from a comprehensive and strategic process of planning and the marketing plan. A healthcare setting that facilitates active engagement can easily translate their needs to meet the industry requirements or otherwise facilitate strategic development. Stakeholder understanding also ads in the identification of a common ground that unifies all the stakeholders with regards to their requirements and needs (Yoo, 2018). Each stakeholder is unique, and their needs might either be dependent on each other or entirely independent. Both external and internal stakeholders have to work together to ensure that they meet the required stipulations and increase the organization’s performance. Internal stakeholders interact with the healthcare facility daily and can ensure that the organization meets all the required thresholds. This consolidation of stakeholder requirements, healthcare organization, consummate affect the overall health and cost of containment. Role of Consumers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Consumers within the healthcare system comprised of the patients and other individuals that need medical services. Patients are required to be treated with the high measure of quality, ensure satisfaction, and guarantee on the various ways in which care will be provided to them while at the facility. For the healthcare facility to attend and meet each patient’s demand, they have first to identify the current trends that are prevailing in facilitating patient outcome and satisfaction (Okeke, Tseng, Piantella, Brown, Kaur, Sterling, & Dell, 2019). Different patients present different medical conditions that required advanced medical expertise and medical equipment to mitigate. Some may also seek medical care with comorbid illnesses that are complex to diagnose and treat. These conditions have an impact on the overall quality of care, as well as the cost of containment. For instance, it becomes costly to handle and offer continuous quality care to a patient with multiple illnesses without proper finances. Role of Providers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Health care providers constitute the internal stakeholders as they comprise the administration, nurses, and doctors required to attend to patient needs. A healthcare facility has to ensure that they provide high-quality care that meets the demands of the patient. The facility also needs to abide by industry standards. The quality of care is dependent on the ability of the providers to guarantee their effectiveness (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). This construct defines the role in which the providers can ensure high-quality care and cost containment. One way to facilitate quality care is by hiring quality personnel to oversee the facility’s operations. Quality nurses and doctors reflect the potential to deliver quality care. Health care providers can also ensure that there is sufficient and high-quality technology in line with industry-specific needs. Through the use of the electronic records system, the facility can ensure that the services provided are of high quality (Okeke et al., 2019). These two services may have a first implication on the cost. The provision of high-quality care will help with cost containment by offering a useful positive healthcare image and an increased number of patients. Providers also facilitate the issue of quality in healthcare by adopting the standard and acceptable models of practice, such as the use of EBP, which inform the best treatment options and create policies. Role of Payers in Healthcare Quality and Containment Health care payers include insurance companies, employers, the government, and the out-of-pocket payment model. These alternatives have a role to play when it comes to ascertaining the nature of care and the overall cost containment. To begin with, the insurance company act as an intermediary between the patient and the healthcare facility. With the insurance in place, the patient is guaranteed access to quality care without considering the financial implication. For instance, Medicare and Medicaid offer financial aid to elderly patients within the United States, helping them acquire medical care that is of high quality and specific to their specific needs. Insurance agencies also create measures that limit the charges that the healthcare organization charge on specific service provisions (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). The agencies also limit the amount that the organization can charge a patient in a single hospital visit creating a measure against cost containment. Secondly, the government also has direct impacts on the quality of care as well as cost containment. The government is the principal financier for public hospitals and other government-owned insurance covers. In this manner, the government, either state or federal, can ensure that the public healthcare facilities are well equipped and create policies that dictate the aspect of care that can provide to patients (Bastian, Munoz, & Ventura, 2016). Similarly, it also offers the same services as the private insurance companies but allows the beneficiaries to afford the provide healthcare services. On the other hand, out-of-pocket payment is also a viable payment option, but people with low income may hinder the affordability of quality services. Role of Suppliers in Healthcare Quality and Containment The quality of healthcare performance can establish the supplier able to provide quality equipment and medication. Suppliers also play a critical role in ensuring the provision of quality care within an organization. First, suppliers of medicines can ensure that the drug is delivered on time and meet s the standards required by the market’s
Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions
Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Assignment Description: Professional Development Assignment Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Title Slide (1 slide) For a hospital to operate efficiently and effectively, the three important influences in its governance, medical staff, board of trustees, and administration, must work together in reasonable harmony. What factors contribute to the tension that usually exists among them? (4 slides). Organizations such as the LeapFrog Group represent a growing trend to survey and report on the quality of hospital care and to make the findings available to the public. What are your opinions about the public’s readiness to deal with having this information available and using it to make choices about medical care? (2-3 slides) Hospitals are facing unprecedented financial challenges from entrepreneurial physician initiatives that are establishing competitive, free-standing diagnostic and treatment centers and specialty hospitals. What are the advantages and disadvantages to these developments from a patient perspective? (2-3 slides) References (1 slide) Expert Answer and Explanation Every organization has its own power structure that influences different dynamics which shape the culture of the organization. Three major influencing forces, namely the governance, medical staff, board of trustees, and administration at times engage in conflicting situations that are likely to cause tensions. Some of the causes that bring about these tensions include the following; Conflicting interests – This usually occurs when each wing has a conflicting goal with the other. In most cases, it is supposed to be the organization’s leadership that brings unity of purpose steered towards achieving organizational goals. However, without the alignment of goals among the different entities, then there is likely to be tension (Antonacci et al., 2018). Resource allocation – Resources are usually scarce. When the medial staff are not accorded the required resources to execute their mandate there is a high likelihood for tensions to occur across the different entities. Communication breakdown – Poor communication is always a recipe for organizational conflicts. When instructions are not understood, or when a party is kept in the dark concerning the going-on of the organizations, there is likely to be build-up of tension. Performance expectations – Failure to meet the targets agreed upon can also cause tensions to exist. There are times when unrealistic targets are set for the medical staff, for example, targets that conflict with the business perspective of the facility. Such targets can be a source of demotivation leading to tension between the different groups (Labelle et al., 2016) Organizational change – Unplanned change can cause significant resistance to exist from any of the influential groups. Existing allegiances and power struggles – Power dynamics within the organization, including how reward and punishment is delivered can cause tension. Tendency to be biased when making important decisions favoring a particular cluster of people within the organization brig about discontentment leading to build-up of tension. (Figueroa et al., 2019) Failure to respond to existing issues – There are time when the administration or the board fails to approve or deal with pertinent issue concerning medial staff for example approving additional staff to be employed. This can lead to conflict between the different influences. Lack of accountability – Transparency is crucial in the management of organizational operations. In an environment where no one is brought to account for expenditure, operational efficiency, leadership, or general organizational performance, tensions are bound to exist (Figueroa et al., 2019). Publication of data plays a critical role in improvement of the standards of care quality. Care facilities depend on the data collected from independent entities to improve their internal systems allowing provision of superior care in terms of quality and safety. The following are some of the reasons why healthcare facilities should encourage publication of findings by independent organizations. Data allows provision of enhanced quality of care Implementation of evidence-based practice Creation of innovative practices in clinical practice Foundation of new frontiers in research (Hagan et al., 2017) Enhanced health literacy=- Over time, the level of patients, health literacy has been goring making them more aware of their health needs and outcomes. Easy access to information facilitated by technology – Technology has made access to information easy. Using technology, patients can easily access information which at times influence their decision making when it comes to health preferences. Increased sensitization on patients’ right to quality and safe care – After the enactment of the ACA, there have been increased efforts to sensitize patients about the provision of quality care Increased call to provide patient-centered care – Similarly, in conformance with the value-based system, there has been increased involvement of patients in clinical decision making which has contributed to increased appetite to consume healthcare information. Specialty facilities are those that have a limited range of services, providing specialized therapeutic and diagnostic services addressing specific patient needs (Sultz & Young, 2017). There are several factors that have given rise to specialty hospitals. Some of them include Increased advancements in healthcare, especially technological advancements. Increased competition within the healthcare industry Changes in patient demands and the need for quality care Changes in population dynamics, for example the increasing baby boomer generation has seen a growth in long-term care facilities. Focused experience from healthcare personnel thus improved quality of care – Staff working in specialty hospitals are usually trained and have the experience to handle patients with a specific condition making their interventions more targeted and refined which usually equates to better quality. Specialized resources