How often do you engage with or witness death in your work?
How often do you engage with or witness death in your work? How has this experience or the lack of it shaped your view of death? How often do you engage with or witness death in your work? How has this experience or the lack of it shaped your view of death? Has it gotten easier or harder for you to accept the fact of death? As you explain, include your clinical specialty. Expert Answer and Explanation Reflection on Clinical Experience of Death I have had the opportunity of working with patients in labor and delivery unit, and during my practice within this unit, I witness the death of patients. Some patients died during delivery, and whenever I witnessed death of a patient, I would feel sad. The first time I witnessed a patient of a mother and her child, I was shocked. The incident was emotionally overwhelming, and I was angry that perhaps the hospital could have done enough to prevent the deaths (Robson & Williams, 2017). With time, however, I began accepting the death of patients as a reality for anyone working in the labor unit. This personal experience has shaped my views concerning death and dying. I have learned from such encounters that anyone can die, and when people die, they overcome pain and suffering. From my experience, still, I learned that the thought of dying invokes feelings such as fear and denial, and when one dies, those close to them experience sadness and anger. Furthermore, the experience of seeing patients die has taught me that one can die in any point in their life including during toddlerhood, and that appropriate clinical interventions can help reduce the risk of death (Robson & Williams, 2017). While I would experience difficult coping with death during my formative years of practice, I have experienced changes in terms of how I see death. Currently, I see death as part of the human experience because death is a natural process in which a person loses their physical body. Because I have worked with patients from diverse backgrounds, I have noted that death has some form of spiritual and cultural significance, and that culture and spirituality or religious beliefs can affect how individuals cope with death (Phan et al., 2021). References Phan, H. P., Ngu, B. H., Chen, S. C., Wu, L., Shih, J. H., & Shi, S. Y. (2021). Life, death, and spirituality: A conceptual analysis for educational research development. Heliyon, 7(5), e06971. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06971. Robson, K., & Williams, C. M. (2017). Dealing with the death of a long term patient; what is the impact and how do podiatrists cope?. Journal of foot and ankle research, 10, 36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-017-0219-0. Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation Although patients come to hospitals for treatment expecting to recover from their illnesses, some clinical cases end with patients’ death. For providers, witnessing patients dying can be a difficult experience especially if they have established an emotional connection with the patients. During my practice as a Medsurg Nurse, I have witnessed the death of patients, and whenever I experienced a patient dying, it affected me emotionally (Robson & Williams, 2017). I would react with regret, blaming myself for not doing enough to prevent death. Although the death of patients still hurts, I feel I am emotionally prepared to deal with such an experience, more than I was when I first encountered the first incident. As a nursing professional, experiencing the loss of lives has shaped my perspective on health, illness, and death. One thing that I have learned particularly given my previous with death is that it can be difficult to stop death when it comes, and anyone working with the patient may watch helplessly as the patient dies. Previously, I experienced tension and anxiety every time I saw a patient dying, and I would have nightmares (Sartor, das Mercês, & Torrealba, 2021). Based on what I have experienced, I have become more open in terms of how I view death. Specifically, I consider it a normal human experience, and whenever it occurs, it serves as a reminder that it is an experience that awaits everyone including me. My personal experiences concerning the loss of patients’ lives have played a significant role in defining my perspectives on life. It is easier for me to accept death than it was previously because seeing a patient dying reminds me of my mortality as a person. It also reminds me of the need to treat everyone with respect, and dignity irrespective of their health status. Guided by this experience, therefore, I would be more respectful in terms of how I treat patients. References Robson, K., & Williams, C. M. (2017). Dealing with the death of a long term patient; what is the impact and how do podiatrists cope?. Journal of foot and ankle research, 10, 36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-017-0219-0. Sartor, S. F., das Mercês, N. N. A., & Torrealba, M. N. R. (2021). Death in the Hospital: The Witnessing of the Patient with Cancer. Indian journal of palliative care, 27(4), 538–543. https://doi.org/10.25259/IJPC_119_21. Reflect on the analysis of the sin of suicide and, thus, euthanasia from the topic readings. Do you agree? Why or why not? Refer to the lecture and topic readings in your response. Expert Answer and Explanation Reflection on Christian View on EuthanasiaThe topic readings provide insight into the subject of the sin of suicide. From the perspective of the Christian faith, the penalty for sin is death, and death came upon humans because of their inequity or shortfall. Death, according to this faith however, is spiritually significant, and people can enjoy the fruits of living a righteous life even when they die (Goligher et al., 2017). If one lives a righteous life here on earth, they will enjoy eternal life. From the Christian worldview or biblical teachings, one can understand the meaning of life, sin and suicide or assisted death. The Christian faith views death as a natural process and in discussions involving death, the issue of good death arises. According to this faith, a good death is
[ANSWERED 2023] Watch the Diary of Medical Mission Trip videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010
Watch the Diary of Medical Mission Trip videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010. DQ 1: What spiritual considerations surrounding a disaster can arise for individuals, communities, and health care providers? Explain your answer in the context of a natural or manmade disaster. How can a community health nurse assist in the spiritual care of the individual, community, self, and colleagues? DQ 2: Watch the Diary of Medical Mission Trip videos dealing with the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Reflect on this natural disaster by answering the following questions: Propose one example of a nursing intervention related to the disaster from each of the following levels: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Provide innovative examples that have not been discussed by previous students. Under which phase of the disaster do the three proposed interventions fall? Explain why you chose that phase. With what people or agencies would you work in facilitating the proposed interventions and why? EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Spiritual Consideration in a Disaster When disaster strikes, it comes with it a devastating state of affairs for individuals, communities, and by extension, the health care providers. Both manmade and natural disaster creates consequences that implicate not only the physical and economic status of an individual or society but also the spiritual wellbeing of the affected person or community (Hong et al., 2019). The spiritual consideration mainly deals with faith and region of a specific person of the community. Different religious or spiritual belief holds a set belief that might affect other aspects of the health of the affected person or community. For instance, a religious extremist who believes in their faith and that the supreme being will protect them against the disaster might deny any form of treatment and thus affect their overall health. While it is the responsibility of the religious institution to intervene in this case, nurses can also play a role in assisting with the spiritual care of individuals and the community as well as self and colleagues (Hong et al., 2019). For instance, a nurse may use spiritual care to provide holistic care that is in line with their beliefs. An understanding of spiritual difference can help restore hope and courage in the patients and assisting them in restoring touch with reality and finding the courage to soldier on. A nurse can guide the community in offering holistic spiritual care that enhances unity and taking care of your neighbor. Similarly, nurses can also be affected or traumatized by the high number of casualties or death as a result of the disaster (Kestenbaum et al., 2018). A nurse can use spiritual care to motivate themselves and colleagues as they will be determining on offering service to humanity. Their service will be able to save lives and ensure that the victims are uplifted spiritually. References Hong, B. A., Pollio, D. E., Pollio, E. W., Sims, O. T., Pedrazine, A., & North, C. S. (2019). Religious and Spiritual Aspects of Disaster Experience Among Survivors of the 9/11 Attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center. Journal of religion and health, 58(5), 1619-1630. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-019-00785-y Kestenbaum, A., Fleischman, C. A., Dabis, M., Birnbaum, B., & Dunn, L. B. (2018). Examination of spiritual needs in Hurricane Sandy disaster recovery through clinical pastoral education verbatims. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 72(1), 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305017748663 DQ2: Reflection on Catastrophic Earthquake in Haiti 2010 Nursing intervention related to the catastrophic earthquake in Haiti in 2010 Nursing interventions are the actual actions and treatment which are performed to help patients to attain the objectives which are set for them (Blutcher, Bulecheck, Doctterman & Wagner, 2018). Nurses utilize their critical thinking abilities and experience to decide on interventions that can help patients the most. Based on the Catastrophic Earthquake in Haiti 2010, there are three levels of nursing intervention which can be used by nurses during and after the disaster. These level include primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention. Primary interventions will assist in developing strategies that can reduce the damage caused by the catastrophic earthquake; for example, keeping of fire extinguishers at home to put off fire resulting from the earthquake. Secondary prevention will be to encourage personal approaches to prevent recurrence of disaster injuries; for instance, regular exams and screening of people injured during the disaster. Tertiary interventions will involve helping people to manage the long-term effects of the disaster; for example, teaching farmers to plant varied crops which are resilient to the catastrophe. Phase of the disaster that the three proposed interventions fall The three proposed interventions fall under the reconstruction phase. According to Neal (2017), the reconstruction phase usually involves an overall sense of recovery after the disaster. Communities and individuals start to take responsibility for restoring their lives back to normallcy. Also, persons are adjusting to a new life after grieving their losses. Neal (2017) concludes that the reconstruction phase begins around the celebration period of the disaster and continues for some time beyond that the anniversary. Agencies that will help in facilitating the proposed interventions Agencies that I will work with to enable the recommended interventions are American Red Cross, Sida (Swedish International Development Corporation Agency), and the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). According to Coppola (2016), the three agencies are global organizations working to reduce the impact of natural disasters around the world. Thus, the agencies can appropriately help me to facilitate the interventions in Haiti. References Coppola, D. P. (2016). Introduction to international disaster management. Elsevier. Blutcher, H. K., Bulecheck, G. M., Doctterman, J. M. M., & Wagner, G. M. (2018). Nursing interventions classifications (NIC)-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Neal, D. M. (2017). Reconsidering the phases of disasters. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disaster 15(2), 239-264. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Other Answered Questions: SOLVED! Describe the difference between a nursing practice SOLVED! Discuss how elimination complexities can
[ANSWERED 2023] What are your thoughts on the harvesting of organisms such as whales, dolphins, seals, etc.?
What are your thoughts on the harvesting of organisms such as whales, dolphins, seals, etc.? Is hunting the only major issue that might threaten the existence of these organisms? Consider humanity as the ultimate predator. Many if not most of us, particularly in the United States, are quite comfortable with the harvesting of organisms like tuna, deer, ducks, or rabbits. Other countries and cultures, however, value species that rarely, if ever, find their way to the North American dinner plate. What are your thoughts on the harvesting of organisms such as whales, dolphins, seals, etc.? Is hunting the only major issue that might threaten the existence of these organisms? Should we limit ourselves to eating only certain organisms? Why, or why not? In what ways are you selective about the foods you eat? Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary. Expert Answer and Explanation BIO 1302 Harvesting Organisms I believe that harvesting organisms is a necessity for human beings and cannot be avoided (Deckers, 2016). Organisms such as whales, seals and dolphins are essential sources of meat and can help feed a lot of people to avoid hunger. Just like any other fish, these organisms can also be harvested and used as food for human consumption. Oceans and other water bodies make up 71% of the world’s surface and only 29% of the land where human beings reside (Williams, 2014). Be that as it may, it would be rationally impossible to harvest and complete all the whales or dolphins that reside in 71% of the ocean life on Earth. However, maritime laws can help mitigate the harvesting of species below certain measurements or ages. The strategy would only facilitate harvesting grown and old organisms, leaving the others to reproduce. It is important to note that hunting and harvesting of organisms alone cannot lead to an extinction event of the said animal. There are other key aspects that might lead to extinction, such as underwater volcanos, oil spillage and global warming (Conserve Energy Future, 2020). In this regard, human beings should not limit themselves to only eating certain organisms. The supply of organisms surpasses the demand present by human beings. It would not be viable to finish the available supply completely. I believe that the world has its own way of remaining sustainable and that every person can easily eat any food they want without necessarily causing an extinction. Personally, I am selective based on preference and familiarity in that I tend to avoid foods that are new to me. References Conserve Energy Future. (2020, July 17). Is Marine Life Dying? Causes, Effects and Solutions to Depleting Marine Life – Conserve Energy Future. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-depleting-marine-life.php#:~:text=Today%2C%20marine%20life%20is%20facing,ocean%20dumping%20and%20many%20others. Deckers, J. (2016). The Consumption of Animal Products and the Human Right to Health Care. Nih.gov; Ubiquity Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK396511/ Williams, M. (2014, December 2). What percent of Earth is water? Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2014-12-percent-earth.html#:~:text=In%20simplest%20terms%2C%20water%20makes,consists%20of%20continents%20and%20islands. Place your order now on the similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written from scratch by our expert level assignment writers. Other Solved Questions: SOLVED! How would your communication and interview SOLVED! Describe the difference between a nursing practice SOLVED! How do you think evidence from nursing journals SOLVED! Discuss how elimination complexities can affect SOLVED! Case C 38-year-old Native American pregnant ANSWERED! In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two [ANSWERED] Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes [ANSWERED] Post a description of the national healthcare ANSWERED!! Explain how you would inform this nurse ANSWERED!! In a 4- to 5-page project proposal written to the ANSWERED!! A 15-year-old male reports dull pain in both ANSWERED!! Should government continue to take an [ANSWERED] Mrs. Adams a 68-year-old widow who was [ANSWERED] Compare and contrast the various ways you can ANSWERED! Provide a summary of your learning style
Mental Health
Mental Health Mental health is an essential aspect of our overall well-being, yet it is often overlooked or stigmatized. Mental health refers to our emotional, psychological, and social well-being, and it impacts how we think, feel, and behave. Good mental health allows us to cope with the stresses of life, work productively, and contribute to our communities. However, mental health problems, such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, can significantly impact an individual’s ability to function and enjoy life. Mental health is just as important as physical health and should be given the same attention and care. By understanding and addressing mental health, we can improve the quality of our lives and the lives of those around us. Mental Health Examples Mental health problems can take many forms and can vary in severity. Some common examples of mental health problems include: Anxiety disorders: Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder, are characterized by excessive worry and anxiety about a range of issues. Symptoms may include difficulty sleeping, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. Depression: Depression, also known as major depressive disorder, is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities. Symptoms may include changes in appetite and sleep patterns, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness. Bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder is characterized by swings in mood, ranging from extreme highs (mania) to extreme lows (depression). These mood swings can interfere with daily functioning and relationships. Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects how an individual thinks, feels, and behaves. Symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and behavior. It is important to note that these are just a few examples of mental health problems and that there are many other mental health conditions that can affect individuals. It is also important to remember that mental health problems can vary in severity and that individuals may experience different symptoms depending on the specific mental health problem they are experiencing. Overall, mental health problems can significantly impact an individual’s ability to function and enjoy life. It is important to seek help if you or a loved one are experiencing mental health problems, as early treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the impact of mental health problems on your life. Mental Health Symptoms Mental health symptoms can vary depending on the specific mental health problem an individual is experiencing. Some common symptoms of mental health problems include: Changes in mood: Mood changes, such as persistent sadness or irritability, can be a symptom of a mental health problem. Changes in behavior: Changes in behavior, such as withdrawal from social activities or a decrease in productivity, can be a sign of a mental health problem. Changes in thinking: Changes in thinking, such as difficulty concentrating or making decisions, can be a symptom of a mental health problem. Changes in physical health: Physical symptoms, such as changes in appetite or sleep patterns, can be a sign of a mental health problem. Changes in social functioning: Difficulty functioning in social situations, such as difficulty maintaining relationships or difficulty at work, can be a sign of a mental health problem. It is important to note that these are just a few examples of symptoms of mental health problems and that different individuals may experience different symptoms depending on the specific mental health problem they are experiencing. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or are concerned about your mental health, it is important to seek help. Early treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the impact of mental health problems on your life. Statistics On Mental Health According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), an estimated 1 in 5 adults in the United States (20.8%) experiences some form of mental illness in a given year. This equates to approximately 53 million people. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the United States, affecting an estimated 19.1% of adults. Major depressive disorder is the second most common mental illness, with an estimated 9.8% of adults experiencing it in a given year. There are also significant disparities in mental health among different groups. For example, LGBTQ+ individuals are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population, with an estimated 26% experiencing mental illness in a given year. In addition, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to experience mental health problems and are less likely to receive treatment for them. There is also a significant economic impact of mental illness in the United States. The NIMH estimates that the total cost of mental illness in the United States was approximately $300 billion in 2020. This includes costs associated with treatment, lost productivity, and disability. Overall, mental health is a significant public health issue in the United States, and there is a need for increased awareness and access to mental health services. Mental Health Test Mental health tests are tools used to assess an individual’s mental health status and identify any potential mental health problems. These tests can be administered by mental health professionals, such as psychologists or psychiatrists, or by trained non-mental health professionals, such as primary care doctors or school counselors. There are many different types of mental health tests, each designed to assess different aspects of mental health. Some examples of mental health tests include the Beck Depression Inventory, which assesses symptoms of depression; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which assesses symptoms of anxiety; and the Schizophrenia Inventory, which assesses symptoms of schizophrenia. Mental health tests can be administered in a variety of ways, including online, in person, or over the phone. They may be self-report tests, in which the individual completes a questionnaire, or they may involve an interview with a mental health professional. It is important to note that mental health tests are not a replacement for a thorough mental health evaluation. While they can provide valuable information about an individual’s mental health, they should be used in conjunction with other sources of information,
[ANSWERED 2023] Select a research article other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library
Select a research article other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library TOPIC 2 DQ 1: Select a research article, other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library. Provide an overview of the study and describe the strategy that was used to select the sample from the population. Evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling method selected. Provide support for your answer. Include the article title and permalink in your post. TOPIC 2 DQ 2: Using the research article selected for DQ 1, identify three key questions you will ask and answer when reading the research study and why these questions are important. When responding to peers, provide other questions and answers that could be considered in relation to the peers’ studies. Expert Answer and Explanation TOPIC 2 DQ 1: Effectiveness of Sampling Method Used Overview of the Study The article by Griffiths et al. involves a study that investigates the relationship between nurse staffing and the occurrence of omissions. The objective of the study is to assess nursing care that is missed frequently in acute inpatient adult wards, and to determine the linkage between missed care and the levels of staffing (Griffiths et al., 2018). The background of the study is that there are numerous adverse patient outcomes that are directly associated with nurse staffing levels. The study utilizes a systematic review design, with the data sources being several databases including CINAHL and EMBASE (Griffiths et al., 2018). The study shows that there is a high level of association between low nurse staffing and high reports of missed care. Effectiveness of the Sampling Method Selected Systematic random sampling was applied when collecting data, and it was effective in collecting data from various databases to be used in the study. In this method, researchers select elements from a sampling frame that is ordered, which in this case is the databases (Javaid, Noor-ul-Amin, & Hanif, 2019). The method of sampling is easy to understand, and it helps in bringing a greater control of the sense of the process (Javaid, Noor-ul-Amin, & Hanif, 2019). Because of using this method, the researchers in the study were also able to reduce the risks through elimination of clustered selections. Given a chance to redo the study, I would be sure to use systematic random sampling method, as it is the only method that can give optimal results in a study of this nature. References Griffiths, P., Recio‐Saucedo, A., Dall’Ora, C., Briggs, J., Maruotti, A., Meredith, P., & Missed Care Study Group. (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: a systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474-1487. Javaid, A., Noor-ul-Amin, M., & Hanif, M. (2019). Modified Ratio Estimator in Systematic Random Sampling Under Non-response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, 89(4), 817-825. TOPIC 2 DQ 2: Key Questions When Reading the Article What are the researchers’ hypotheses? Asking oneself about the hypotheses of the researchers helps to study the mind of the researchers before and after the study is conducted. This question also allows one to put themselves into the perspective of the study as intended by the authors of the article. In some of the cases, asking oneself about the hypotheses of the researchers can help to identify the possibility of biases in a research. In this study Griffith et al. (2018) hypothesize that low levels of staffing are linked with poor patient outcomes, and the hypothesis is confirmed in the results. The fact that the hypothesis matches to outcomes could lead to questions of whether or not there is biases, but in this case, it is clear from the research procedure that there is no data manipulation. What is the unit of analysis? Asking oneself about the unit of analysis also helps to ensure effectiveness in managing the interpretations of the results. A failure to consider the units of a study would imply that the researcher does not understand the exact parameters being applied. How generalizable are the results? The generalizability of results is another aspect that is evident in studies that sound ‘too obvious (Pearl & Bareinboim, 2019).’ I would ask myself about the generalizability of the results as it would help me to assess whether or not the article is useful enough for me to make different inferences from the study topic. The article by Griffiths et al. does not have generalizable results as the results are full of details to describe the outcome of the study. References Griffiths, P., Recio‐Saucedo, A., Dall’Ora, C., Briggs, J., Maruotti, A., Meredith, P., & Missed Care Study Group. (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: a systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474-1487. Pearl, J., & Bareinboim, E. (2019). Note on ‘‘Generalizability of Study Results ‘‘. Epidemiology, 30(2), 186-188. Alternative Expert Answer Artificial Neural Networks The article by Nina Shahid, Tim Rappon and Whitney Berta is about, “Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Health Care Organizational Decision-Making: A Scoping Review.” According to the article, the healthcare industry is gradually evolving towards a patient-centered model of care delivery and, at the same time advocating for value-based practices (Shahid, Rappon, & Berta, 2019). Artificial neural networks (ANN) are essential in health care organizational decision-making through leveraging machine-learning techniques. With the advent of technology, healthcare facilities are increasingly adopting the use of ANN to inform health care decisions. Artificial intelligence is at the center of technology and potential future of technology as it holds the potential to offer health care delivery that is not only appropriate but also cost-effective. With the increased uptake of artificial intelligence in the healthcare industry, different health care management problems can be addressed (Shahid, Rappon, & Berta, 2019). To address the AI applications in healthcare, the research paper makes use of different research questions and sampling methods to collect data for analysis. The research paper makes use of the Arksey & O’Malley framework of 2005 to come up with the sampling methods used in the paper. The topic can be related to different multi-disciplinary subjects, and the frameworks used to identify the sampling methods identifies literature related to healthcare but from different databases. This method is effective as it is able to distinguish materials that
[ANSWERED 2023] Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension
Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors. Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient. Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following: Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease. Drugs currently prescribed include the following: Warfarin 5 mg daily MWF and 2.5 mg daily T, TH, Sat, Sun Aspirin 81 mg daily Metformin 1000 mg po bid Glyburide 10 mg bid Atenolol 100 mg po daily Motrin 200 mg 1–3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned. Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples. Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements. Expert Answer and Explanation The presence of multiple disorders in patients is a chief contributor to lower quality of life, longer hospital stays, hospital admissions, and the loss of physical functioning. Most patients who have more than one chronic disease can also become victims of the severe effects polypharmacy, which can also affect their ability to take some of the recommended drugs (Mery, 2018). In the case of patient HM, who has hyperlipidemia, ischemic disease, hypertension, and diabetes and also a history of Transiet Ischemic Attack (TIA) and artrial fibrillation, there are multiple changes in the drug processes that can help him achieve a smooth recovery process despite the presence of influential factors such as age. How the Selected Factor has an Influence on the Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Processes of Patient Age is a significant factor that may influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic processes showed by patient HM. Specifically, patients who are at least 65 years may have a relatively slower reaction to drugs as their body cells have a higher death rate compared to the ‘birth’ rate, which largely influences the processes of drug absorption, drug metabolism, excretion, and distribution (Mercy, 2018). Ageing patients also have decreased body water, decreased lean body mass, higher levels of body fat, among other body compositions that make them relatively unhealthy compared to their younger counterparts (Shen Lu & Hughes, 2018). These factors are among the key contributors of lower organ functions among the older individuals. Some of the vital organs of the body such as the brain, lungs, kidney, and the heart may also be affected by this gradually decreasing organ function, causing abstract changes in wellness. Regarding the uptake of drugs, the liver is involved in the metabolism of all the drugs taken by mouth, and hence its malfunction may cause a defective uptake across the body (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Hence, the factor of age is a significant influence on the various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes of the patient. How Changes in the Processes may Impact the Recommended Therapy of the Patient If the process changes may lead to the defective function of the liver, the physician may have to revise the entire therapy plan of the patient to avoid including in the plan any drug that is taken orally. This is because all oral drugs cannot bypass the metabolism in the liver unless they are taken in the form that makes it easy to reach the target organs. For such cases, the patient may have to adopt i.v. and i.m. therapy where the drugs are delivered directly to the blood vessels and muscles respectively, making the bioavailability 100% (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Also, the fact that the patient could develop resistance to some of the drugs such as metformin may require them to be given other alternatives that would enhance the action of metformin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Similarly, the patient may have to cut on the usage of warfarin as it is known to cause joint pains and discomfort to patients who are older than 65 (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2021). Lastly, since artenolol may be associated with kidney problems in older patients, the patient may have to reduce its dosage or find other suitable alternatives. Improving the Patient’s Drug Therapy Plan Increase the dosage of sum drugs such as metformin from its current dosage to 2500 mg po bid so as to improve its bioavalaility and hence its level of utilization by the patient (Wang et al., 2017). Decrease the Ibuprofen levels to 200mg bid Change Glyburide 10mg bid dosage to Byetta while monitoring symptoms Replace warfarin with Tylenol so as to reduce the chances of joint pain Only take aspirin when patient is anaemic Decrease atenolol levels to 50mg po daily so as to prevent the occurrence of kidney challenges. The dosage could also be titrated by 25mg monthly while monitoring the adverse effects but should not exceed 200mg. Conclusion The factor of age can affect the wellness of the patient in that it influences the utilization of drugs in multiple ways. Among the common ways in which age affects the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes is the fact that some drugs such as atenolol, when taken by ageing patients can increase their susceptibility to joint problems. Ageing patients could also be victims of polypharmacy’s negative effects as they are often involved in treatment with multiple disorders. They could also experience other higher challenges such as neglect from family members.
[ANSWERED 2023] Develop a business case for the economic initiative you proposed in Assessment 1. Examine the feasibility and cost-benefit considerations
Develop a business case for the economic initiative you proposed in Assessment 1. Examine the feasibility and cost-benefit considerations Assessment 2/6008 Developing a Business Case Develop a 4–7-page business case for the initiative you proposed in Assessment 1. Examine feasibility and cost-benefit considerations over a 5-year period, analyze ways to mitigate risks, and complete a cost-benefit analysis. Note: Each assessment in this course builds upon the work you have completed in previous assessments. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in the order in which they are presented. Assessment Instructions Develop a business case for the economic initiative you proposed in Assessment 1. Examine the feasibility and cost-benefit considerations of implementing your proposed initiative over the next five years. Analyze ways to mitigate risks and complete a cost-benefit analysis. Note: Remember that you can submit all, or a portion of, your draft business case to Smarthinking for feedback before you submit the final version for this assessment. If you plan on using this free service, be mindful of the turnaround time of 24–48 hours for receiving feedback. Requirements The requirements for your business case, outlined below, correspond to the scoring guide criteria, so be sure to address each main point. Read the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed. In addition, be sure to note the requirements for document format and length and for supporting evidence. Analyze the potential economic opportunities and risks associated with your proposed initiative. How do the potential opportunities benefit your organization or care setting? How could potential risks pose a threat to the financial security of your organization or care setting? How do the potential economic opportunities compare to the potential economic risks? Propose ethical and culturally sensitive solutions that address the risks associated with your initiative to the future economic security of your organization or care setting. Which risks are potentially the most significant for your organization or care setting? How could you modify your proposed initiative to mitigate those risks? How have other organizations and experts in the field dealt with similar risks? How do ethics and equality factor into your proposed solutions? Are your solutions unfairly burdening or disadvantaging any specific groups? How will this proposal affect community health care delivery outcomes? What makes this a great opportunity for economic growth? What potential issues should be considered? Analyze the economic costs and benefits of your proposed initiative over a five-year period. Use the Cost-Benefit Analysis Template [XLSX]for your calculations. Add the worksheet to your business case as an appendix. Does your analysis warn against specific aspects of your proposed initiative? How would you recommend that your findings be incorporated into decisions about the feasibility of your proposed initiative? Propose ethical and culturally equitable ways of keeping costs under control, while maximizing the benefits of your initiative. What costs are you most likely to be able to control or reduce? How would you go about ensuring this? How could controlling or reducing these costs affect the benefits of your proposed initiative? What strategies could you employ to maintain or maximize these benefits, while controlling or reducing costs? How do you plan to ensure that any cost controls or benefit reductions are ethical and equitable? Justify the relevance and significance of the quantitative and qualitative economic, financial, and scholarly evidence you used to support your business case. This criterion applies to any evidence you cited throughout your business case. Your evidence should be persuasive and relevant to your findings, proposals, and recommendations. Consider one or more of the following questions when citing support evidence: How is the evidence relevant to your organization or care setting? How is the evidence relevant to your proposed economic initiative? How does the evidence illustrate a solution that has been successful in the past? How does the evidence illustrate that an initiative or solution is likely to be a net benefit to the organization or care setting? Write concisely and directly, using active voice. Proofread your document before you submit it to minimize errors that could distract readers and make it more difficult for them to focus on the substance of your business case. Apply current APA formatting to in-text citations and references. Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like: Assessment 2 Example [PDF]. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS Your assessment should also meet the following requirements: Format: Format your business case using APA current style. Use the APA Style Paper Template [DOCX]. An APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX]is also provided to help you in writing and formatting your business case. Be sure to include: A title page and references page. An abstract is not required. A running head on all pages. Appropriate section headings. Length: Your business case should be 4–7 pages in length, not including the title page and references page. Supporting evidence: Cite 4–5 authoritative and scholarly resources to support your business case. Be sure that your sources include specific economic data. Note: Faculty may use the Writing Feedback Tool when grading this assessment. The Writing Feedback Tool is designed to provide you with guidance and resources to develop your writing based on five core skills. You will find writing feedback in the Scoring Guide for the assessment, after your work has been evaluated. Portfolio Prompt: You may choose to save your business case to your ePortfolio. Competencies Measured By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment scoring guide criteria: Competency 1: Analyze the effects of financial and economic factors (such as cost-benefit, supply and demand, return on investment, and risks) in a health care system on patient care, services offered, and organizational structures and operation. Analyze the potential economic opportunities and risks associated with a proposed initiative. Analyze the economic costs and benefits of a proposed initiative over a five-year period. Competency 2: Develop ethical and culturally equitable solutions to economic problems within a health care organization in an effort to improve the quality of care and
[ANSWERED 2023] Why should program evaluation be used for public health and not-for-profit institutions in the development of adaptive strategies?
Why should program evaluation be used for public health and not-for-profit institutions in the development of adaptive strategies? Assignment: Exercises: Why should program evaluation be used for public health and not-for-profit institutions in the development of adaptive strategies? Explain the strategic position and action evaluation (SPACE) matrix. How may adaptive strategic alternatives be developed using SPACE? Professional Development: Case Study #8: “Dr. Louis Mickael: The Physician as Strategic Manager” Develop an environmental assessment and an internal capabilities analysis using decision support tools that have been introduced in this module (such as PLC analysis, BCG portfolio analysis, SPACE analysis and so on). Analyze alternative strategies to include pros and cons of each alternative, then conclude with a recommended strategy and brief implementation plan. Expert Answer and Explanation Strategic Alternatives Program Evaluation According to Ginter et al. (2013), program evaluation is a strategic analysis technique used mainly by public and not-for-profit organizations to assess their programs and develop strategic alternatives in cases where gaining a competitive edge or market share is not relevant. In most cases, the other tools for developing strategic alternatives, such as SWOT analysis, an organization is usually compared with other competing firms or products. However, in program evaluation, the analysis is mainly used for internal and external assessment to evaluate whether the various programs are meeting the mission and vision of the organization (Strang, 2018). Other than that, program evaluation is useful in identifying whether the resources allocated to the various programs are sufficient to fulfill the strategic goals of the organization. In program evaluation, a needs assessment is also conducted to ensure that both public and not-for-profit organizations meet the needs of the communities they are supposed to serve and to identify the best strategic alternatives to fulfill those needs. SPACE Matrix A strategic position and action evaluation matrix, also known by the acronym SPACE matrix is a decision support tool that can be used to formulate strategic alternatives (Ginter et al., 2013). The tool expands on the BCG analysis to develop an appropriate strategic profile of the organization. The SPACE matrix uses graphical charts to depict how strategic alternatives can be applied based on various organizational factors (Ginter et al., 2013). Using the SPACE matrix, adaptive strategic alternatives can be developed by assessing the environmental stability, the competitive position of the organization, the financial and service category strength, after which an examination of the most appropriate adaptive strategic alternative can be done. Professional Development One of the challenging aspects of operating an organization is coming up with effective strategies that can assist the organization to navigate the changing business environment mired with stiff competition For organizations to remain relevant, they have to assess both their internal and external environment, evaluating their strengths and opportunities for growth, eliminating their threats and working on their weaknesses. This paper will develop an environmental assessment using the case study dubbed: “Dr. Louis Mickael: The Physician as Strategic Manager.” Various decision support tools will be used to assess the strategic positioning of Dr. Louis Mickael amidst the changing business environment. Environmental Assessment and an Internal Capabilities Analysis of the Business SWOT Analysis Using the SWOT analysis tool, there are several internal strengths that were observed in Dr. Lou’s practice. One of the strengths was a good reputation with his clients which enabled the business to have a strong footing within the market space. According to Ginter et al. (2013), a healthy business-client relationship is one of the strengths that can act as a stable foothold in maintaining strategic advantage, and this can be seen by the over 800 patients served by the facility which was fairly higher in comparison to other individual practices. The aspect of a good client relationship can be attributed to the skilled employees Dr. Lou had employed, who had a good rapport with the clients served in the practice. Dr. Lou also invested some finances, though on a need to basis to enhance the skills and competencies of personnel to deliver better services, and also the application of technology that was relevant at the onset of the business, which acted as a strategic tool in gaining a competitive edge (Aithal, 2019). Another strength was the fact that Dr. Lou’s practice was linked with most of the third-party payors, which meant that patients served in the facility had a relatively easy time to process their payments. Concerning opportunities, the growing market was one of the considerable opportunities that Dr. Louis’s practice could capitalize on. While at the onset of the business, Dr. Lou’s main client base consisted of mainly young clients, but with the rapidly expanding populations with new businesses being developed, means that there are substantially more types of market bases that could be tapped. The development of a university within the business neighborhood also meant that there is an opportunity to capitalize on a joint venture that will provide residence to the young upcoming physicians and office assistants, thus increasing the number of patients tended to, and at the same time, save on some of the work and staff expenses encountered in Dr. Lou’s practice. Some of the weaknesses that were observed include low financial strength, which is an issue that affected Dr. Lou’s ability to expand and acclimatize to the changing business environment. It can be seen from the financial reports that indicated the firm had yet to have a stable footing in terms of the asset base and the profits generated which could be used to improve the firm’s operations. However, it can be established that the financial strength was steadily improving. This made Dr. Lou have less than enough time to serve his patients. Another weakness was that the technology he was using was outdated as compared to what the competitors were using. Healthcare information technology is a major component that an organization should possess to improve the efficiency of its services, such as processing of client reimbursements (Aithal, 2019). The size of Dr. Lou’s practice was also considered a weakness. This can
[ANSWERED 2023] You work at a small community-based hospital as a manager in the quality assurance department. One function of your job is to analyze internal data such as medical records
You work at a small community-based hospital as a manager in the quality assurance department. One function of your job is to analyze internal data such as medical records, patient surveys [ANSWERED 2023] You work at a small community-based hospital as a manager in the quality assurance department. One function of your job is to analyze internal data such as medical records. You work at a small community-based hospital as a manager in the quality assurance department. One function of your job is to analyze internal data such as medical records, patient surveys, and incident reports to track trends and help improve patient care delivery. Your supervisor just came back from a seminar on quality benchmarking and has asked about your thoughts on analyzing secondary data from the health care industry as a way to benchmark and measure the organization’s quality performance against its peers. You have been asked to prepare a report on the use of both secondary data and internal data as way to improve quality in your organization. Complete the following: Write a paper comparing and contrasting the collection of secondary data and their uses versus the analysis of current health care records and internal data such as incident reports and patient surveys. Explain how health care organizations use secondary data as a comparison to internal data. Assess the validity and reliability of primary and secondary data in conducting health care research. >expert answer Expert Answer and Explanation Healthcare Information System Management Benchmarking is one of the recent healthcare trends that is being accepted across many care continuums, where hospitals and departments analyze their competitors so as to find a ground for improvement. Similarly, hospital managers work hard to assess internal data and operations and to try to achieve improvement using these analyses. Small community-based facility Some experts refer to the process as internal benchmarking, as the facilities seek to improve their operations against their own set internal standards (Feibert, Andersen, & Jacobsen, 2019). In the analyses of my small community-based facility where my supervisor arrives from a seminar on quality benchmarking, there are several ideas I would help him understand about the use of secondary data to measure the performance of the organization against its peers. Both benchmarking and internal analyses are important in organizational growth and healthcare managers should focus in the specific strengths of these strategies to efficiently integrate them in healthcare. Contrasting Secondary Data and Uses with Internal Data and Current Healthcare Records Benchmarking as a way to set the Quality Standards Competitive benchmarking involves analyzing the processes of another organization and comparing its operations, goals, and standards with its own. For most small healthcare facilities, it is not easy to achieve growth without comparing their operations with larger and better-performing organizations (Buckmaster & Mouritsen, 2017). In some of the cases, people in small organizations believe that they are performing efficiently until they perform such benchmarking operations and realize that their peers have set higher standards in care which should be targets for their achievement. A good example is comparing the wait times that patient have in emergency rooms with those of other emergency rooms in different facilities. In the case where other organizations have generally smaller amounts of time spent in the ER waiting rooms, healthcare givers can borrow information such as the individual elements that help in reducing the wait time. This could be possibly factors that are present among the staff members such as their ability to be more focused in serving patients or other factors in the system such as the presence of better infrastructure to help serve the patients faster (Gonzalez, 2019). A collection of this kind of data helps the organization to drive the different ways in which they can set improvement strategies internally. Facility understands This way, the facility understands the threshold of different elements and standardizes them to be the target-setters in the organizations. Internal Healthcare Data Helps in Individualized Improvement While external benchmarking drives the achievement of different societal standards in healthcare, internal healthcare is useful in guiding healthcare managers to perform specific improvement of certain procedures (Purushotham et al., 2018). This is especially the case when a facility is known to have its own principles or strategies of operation which it believes to be effective. A good example of how internal healthcare data helps in individualized improvement in a healthcare firm is when the facility chooses to break down nursing shifts in unique timelines to try and solve the problem of staff fatigue and burnout. The problem may be specific for the firm, where its peers do not face the same difficulty, and hence utilizing a technique that is specific to the organization could be the most rational decision in driving improvement in the healthcare facility. Internal data that can be collected to aid in individualized improvement include patient records, administrative data, and healthcare giver reports. Healthcare Organizations Usage of Secondary Data as a Comparison to Internal Data Compare internal data elements Both secondary and internal data is crucial in organizational development and should be integrated into care facilities in a systematic way. One of the ways in which healthcare organizations use secondary data to compare internal data elements is assessing the societal standards by assessing performance among its peers. It would be useless to perform such analyses without comparison to internal data as it would lead to exaggerations or misplacement of the levels of action by the individual organizations. Among the advantages of integrating external benchmarking data in the facilities is the fact that it helps the healthcare providers to realize the value of the existing resources and how they can use them to achieve organizational growth. Very often, healthcare managers do not realize that they are endowed with numerous resources and that they have no reason to fail in the delivery of proper patient care. Unfortunately, problems in organizations make them believe that the organization is insufficient in driving the achievement of various goals of care. A close analysis of what their peers do to achieve the organizational standards they are in could serve a long way in opening their eyes to the resource endowment that is present in the organization. For example, in some of the healthcare organizations, there are no special operation officers
[SOLVED 2023] Research legislation that has occurred within the last 5 years at the state or federal level as a result of nurse advocacy
Research legislation that has occurred within the last 5 years at the state or federal level as a result of nurse advocacy. Describe the legislation and what was accomplished WEEK 4 DQ 1 Choose a legislator on the state or federal level who is also a nurse and discuss the importance of the legislator/nurse‘s role as advocate for improving health care delivery. What specific bills has the legislator/nurse sponsored or supported that have influenced health care. WEEK 4 DQ 2 Research legislation that has occurred within the last 5 years at the state or federal level as a result of nurse advocacy. Describe the legislation and what was accomplished. What additional steps need to be taken to continue advocacy for this issue? Advocacy Through Legislation Nurses often become motivated to change aspects within the larger health care system based on their real-world experience. As such, many nurses take on an advocacy role to influence a change in regulations, policies, and laws that govern the larger health care system. For this assignment, identify a problem or concern in your state, community, or organization that has the capacity for advocacy through legislation. Research the issue and use the “Advocacy Through Legislation” template to complete this assignment. You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. DQ 1: Expert Answer and Explanation Legislation Based on Advocacy Nurse advocacy focuses on various aspects of care, including the issues related to quality care, affordable medication availability of resources, among many others. In conjunction with legislators, the healthcare system needs to ensure that essential laws are passed that resolve the issues and advocacies presented by the nurses. One of the legislations within the recent five years as a result of nurse advocacy is the H.R. 3-116th Congress (2019-2020), the Elijah Cummings Lower Drug Cost Now Act (Bendix, 2019). The legislation focuses on the need to regulate and possibly lower the prices of prescription drugs to meet the affordability of the patients. Be that has it may, the healthcare sector has an increasing demand for medication with the complexity of illness and comorbidity. This has resulted in a consequent increase in medication pricing, leading to an uproar by both the patients and the nurses who tend to their daily needs as they recover. The Act focuses on the mitigation of prices on essential medication for chronic illness such as insulin (Bendix, 2019). The legislation accomplished to offer subsidies to the essential medication and mitigated the pricing of other medical supplies and drugs. Nurse advocacy is a continual process that requires constant evaluation and acting to facilitate the changes. Several additional steps need to be taken to ensure continued advocacy for this issue of drug pricing (Kang et al., 2019). For instance, there is a need to have oversight to correspond to pricing and market fluctuation. Additionally, the demand for medication also varies with changes in time. While the prices are subsidized, nurses need to ensure that there is a constant supply of the medication to meet the increasing demand. These measures are critical for the sector and improve the overall patient outcome and satisfaction. References Bendix, J. (2019). Healthcare policy in 2019: A look ahead. (2020). Retrieved 6 April 2020, from https://www.medicaleconomics.com/article/healthcare-policy-2019-look-ahead/page/0/2 Kang, S. Y., DiStefano, M. J., Socal, M. P., & Anderson, G. F. (2019). Using external reference pricing in Medicare Part D to reduce drug price differentials with other countries. Health Affairs, 38(5), 804-811. DQ2: Expert Answer and Explanation Nursing Advocacy Efforts in Massachusetts The signing into law, the Massachusetts’ bill, H.4228, in 2014 marked an important event in the advocacy role of the nurses in the state. This bill would put limit to the number of patients a nursing professional has to work with in emergency units. This legislation enforces a 1:1 nurse to patient ratio where nurses work with new mothers and newborn babies, and a 1:4 provider to patient ratio in surgical units. According to this bill, hospitals which violet this legislation would be liable to a fine of $25,000. This signing of this law was a result of persisted efforts partly influenced by the passage of a similar legislation in California in 2004 (Bill H.4228, 2014). While this bill is linked to favorable patient care outcomes, Massachusetts’ voters recently, voted against this bill. California has experienced a decline in the number of the mortality incidences since a similar law came to effect. In Massachusetts, the idea of enactment of the bill has been contentious, and this manifested when Massachusetts’ public rejected it in 2018, just less than four years after the passing of the bill into law (Bill H.4228, 2014). The Massachusetts’ nursing bodies such as the state’s American Nursing Association (ANA) wing can advance the advocacy objectives using key strategies. The nurse advocacy groups should target the public in the state, and select representatives who can act on the behalves of these groups to survey the opportunities as well as risks associated with the bill. The collected information should guide training processes as well as activities focused on helping create and implement public awareness campaign (Wright & Jaffe, 2014). Accordingly, the public will become sensitized on the benefits associated with the improvement of the nurse to patient ratio. References Bill H.4228 (2014). An Act Relative to Patient Limits in All Hospital Intensive Care Units. Retrieved from https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/H4228. Wright, A. C., & Jaffe, K. J. (2014). Six steps to successful child advocacy: Changing the world for children. Los Angeles : SAGE. Assignment – Expert Answer and Explanation Advocacy through Legislation Advocacy Through Legislation Identify a problem or concern in your state, community, or organization that has the capacity to be advocated through legislation. Research the issue and complete the sections below. For each topic that requires the listing of criteria, a minimum of two criteria should be identified and discussed. Add