[ANSWERED 2023] Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological and emotional needs
Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families Discuss how elimination complexities can affect the lives of patients and their families. Discuss the nurse’s role in supporting the patient’s psychological and emotional needs. Provide an example. Discuss how functional patterns help a nurse understand the current and past state of health for a patient. Using a condition or disease associated with an elimination complexity, provide an example. EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION DQ1: Elimination Complexities Elimination complexities are health conditions that prevent a patient from excreting waste properly. Uremia is one of the elimination complexities. This disease can affect normal urine excretion. Elimination complexities can profoundly affect patients and their families socially, financially, and psychologically. Tan et al. (2017) argue that complications can affect the finances of the patients and their families in that the patient will use a lot of money to treat the conditions. Also, the diseases can prevent the patient from going to work, and this can affect him or her economically. In terms of psychology, the patient may have stress due to financial constraints. Also, the pain brought by the diseases can cause anxiety and depression. The family might suffer stress because their loved one is under distress. Socially, the conditions can prevent the patient from going to social events because of hygiene (Sherwood et al., 2017). They can fear that they will be isolated and laughed at because of their condition. Nurses play a vital role in supporting patients emotionally and psychologically. First, nurses can help patients psychologically by providing them with all the data needed for them to get better. For instance, they should give patients all the information about prescriptions. Also, nurses can emotionally and psychologically support patients by calling them often to ask them about their health and remaining them to regularly visit the hospital as advised by the doctor (Nakanishi et al., 2016). Nurses should give patients hope by telling them powerful words that can raise their spirits. Nurses can also help patients by assessing their psychological conditions and recommend a psychiatrist if they see fit. However, they can also provide counseling when they evaluate and see that the patient is not worse. References Nakanishi, H., Kurosaki, M., Hosokawa, T., Takahashi, Y., Itakura, J., Suzuki, S., … & Higuchi, M. (2016). Urinary excretion of the water channel aquaporin 2 correlated with the pharmacological effect of tolvaptan in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Journal of gastroenterology, 51(6), 620-627. Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Koch, G. G., Hoffman, B. M., Watkins, L. L., Smith, P. J., … & Chang, P. P. (2017). Effects of coping skills training on quality of life, disease biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: a randomized clinical trial. Circulation: Heart Failure, 10(1), e003410. Tan, R. B., Chakravarti, S., Busovsky-McNeal, M., Walsh, A., & Cecchin, F. (2017). Complexity of ranolazine and phenytoin use in an infant with long QT syndrome type 3. HeartRhythm case reports, 3(1), 104. DQ2: Functional Health Patterns A functional health pattern is a framework developed by Marjory Gordon to be applied by nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide conduct a comprehensive and better health assessment of the patient (Temel & Kutlu, 2019). In other words, the model can be used by nurses in assessing the patient during the diagnosis process. The pattern can be used to diagnose any elimination complexity in a patient. Through the design, the nurse will understand the general health of the patient. If the patient experience any abnormality in the past, he or she will reveal it during a health-perception-health-management pattern (Badawy et al., 2019). The nurse can also grasp the eating habits of the patient. The information can help the nurse determine if the individual’s eating pattern promoted to the excretory disorder. Elimination information is always asked in this pattern. The information about elimination can help the nurse rule about the possibility of any excretory condition. People with excretory diseases, such as kidney failure, cannot exercise for long compared to healthy individuals. During functional health patterns, nurses collect information about exercises that can further improve their diagnosis of any elimination complexity. Information about the reset and relaxation period can help understand whether the patient has an elimination problem or any other disease (Karaca, 2016). For instance, if the patient is urinating excessively during the night, he or she might be suffering from either heart-related conditions or elimination complexities. The nurse can also understand the social health of the patient by collecting information about his or her social life and relationships. In conclusion, the functional pattern can give nurses a lot of information about the patient’s past and current medical history. References Badawy, P. J., Schafer, M. H., & Sun, H. (2019). Relocation and network turnover in later life: How distance moved and functional health are linked to a changing social convoy. Research on aging, 41(1), 54-84. Karaca, T. (2016). Functional Health Patterns Model–A Case Study. Case Studies Journal ISSN (2305-509X) Volume, 5. Temel, M., & Kutlu, F. Y. (2019). Functional Health Pattern Model Based Care Plan for a Depression Diagnosed Patient. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 27(1), 91-103. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order What are Elimination Complexities? Understanding the Key Concepts Introduction When it comes to understanding complex topics within various fields, the realm of computer science presents us with the concept of elimination complexities. This intriguing subject, while often misunderstood, plays a crucial role in the optimization of algorithms and problem-solving. In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of elimination complexities, breaking down the core ideas and exploring their significance. The Fundamentals of Complexity Analysis Before diving into elimination complexities, it’s important to grasp the basics of complexity analysis. This involves evaluating the efficiency and performance of algorithms as they deal with increasing amounts of data. Complexity is typically classified into time complexity and space
[SOLVED 2023] In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s privacy
In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s Unit III Case Study Right to Privacy Case Study Certain freedoms such as civil liberties and civil rights are concepts highly revered by Americans; however, there are times when these two concepts conflict in the name of safety and national security. The Digital Age is having a profound effect on the privacy of individuals in both their daily and private lives. With technology like cameras and smartphones, the activities of people are being recorded more, whether it is running a red light, entering a building, playing in a park, or using an ATM machine. In this assignment you will analyze a case involving public safety versus an individual’s privacy. Read the following article from the New York Times concerning Carpenter v. United States, a case recently decided by the Supreme Court. Liptak, A. (2018, June 23). Warrant required for cellphone tracking data. New York Times, p. A1(L). Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/apps/doc/A543973598/ STND?u=oran95108&sid=STND&xid=753160e8 For more background on the case, here is a link to the actual opinion written for this case: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf Please answer the following questions concerning this case. Address the questions in a cohesive essay. It should be at least two pages in length and should be double-spaced, and typed in 12-point Times New Roman font. Please be sure to provide an introduction to your essay, Which part of the Constitution addresses individual privacy rights? Do you believe that, with today’s technology, the Constitution still adequately protects those rights? Why, or why not? Describe the issue that was debated in this case. How was the need for public safety and security balanced with individual civil liberties and civil rights impacted by the final ruling in this case? Do you agree with the majority opinion or the dissenting opinion in this case? Explain your response. Where do you personally draw the line in this privacy issue? Explain how historical thought and tradition affect civil liberties and rights as they pertain to the issue presented in this case. Describe how politics can intersect with civil rights. What consequences do you support for those who violate constitutional rights? What, if any, compensation do you recommend for individuals whose rights have been violated by others? You must use at least two sources, in addition to the article given, to support your response. Make sure that all sources are cited and referenced using APA style. Expert Answer and Explanation Unit III Case Study Among the most discussed civil liberty in the US is the right to privacy. This is especially in the light of technology advancement, where in the recent past, there has been numerous technological advancements that infringe the rights of privacy by accessing personal data of individuals, especially through different telecommunication providers. The digital age has affected the private lives of Americans as they can be recorded when entering a building, passing a red light in traffic, playing in parks or even using ATM machines (Citron, 2018). This assignment involves an analysis of the Carpenter v. United States case, where privacy and phone location data as well as other elements are highlighted. Part of Constitution that Addresses Individual Privacy Rights and the Capacity of the Constitution to Protect those Rights The fourth amendment is the part of the constitution that protects individual privacy rights in an extensive way. Under this section of the constitution, which was added in December 1791, people are protected from searches that are unlawful or even seizures by authorities (Henderson, 2017). The police need to have a warrant to access your house and conduct extensive search. Issue debated in the Case In the Carpenter v. United States case, the issue debated about was the question as to whether or not the police, or other authorities, have the right to have unrestricted access to customer data through the telecommunications service providers (Chaudhari & Prasad, 2019). It was an issue that was raised in response to the anti-terrorism procedures set by the police of accessing different gadgets held by citizens to prevent unsafe digital activities. My Agreement in the Majority Opinion in the Case The majority opinion in the case held that there should be a warrant for the police to access the site location or other information of a citizen from a cell phone company. This majority opinion was held by Chief Justice Roberts, and was joined by justices Sotomayor, Kagan, Ginsburg, and Breyer (Chaudhari & Prasad, 2019). I agree with this opinion as it is among one of the only few ways that customers of telecom companies can feel safe using the devices to communicate amongst themselves. How Historical Tradition affects the thoughts as Pertaining to this Case One of the historical traditions that affected the thoughts pertaining to the case is that the police are meant to provide security for citizens, and that citizens should be willing to cooperate in all ways they are asked to. This traditional opinion dismisses the fact that some of these members of the police taskforce may be ‘dirty,’ and hence infringing the privacy of citizens would have the wrong beneficiaries. Intersection of Politics with Civil Rights Politics affect civil rights in a large way. In the Carpenter v. United States case, four justices including Justice Alito, Justice Gorsuch, Justice Kennedy, and Justice Thomas, has dissenting opinions, and several analysts argued that their indifference to the issue of privacy was on a political basis. Consequences for those Who Violate Constitutional Rights Violation of constitutional rights is a serious criminal offense, and I support the legal punishment of culprits of the same. However, there should be adequate warnings before serious actions are taken on the affected individuals. Compensation I Recommend for Individuals whose Rights are Violated by others A public pardon is best when a crime committed exposes a citizen to public shame. In other violations, I believe financial compensation to the individuals whose rights are violated should be done. I also believe that the culprits should compensate all other damages associated with the violations. References Chaudhari, N., & Prasad, S. K. (2019). Carpenter v. United States: State Surveillance and Citizen Privacy. NALSAR Stud. L. Rev., 13, 129. Citron, D. K. (2018).
[ANSWERED 2023] Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of the
Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of Module 6 Assignment Locate a nursing study that examines the effects of an intervention. Provide a summary of the study, focusing primarily on the intervention. Was the development and implementation of the intervention described in detail? Based on a theoretical framework? Did the design of the study promote investigation of the effects of the study—for example, was there comparison of experimental and control groups? Were there variables that could have impacted the findings that were not part of the intervention? Was there evidence of efforts to monitor the safety of participants? Are there any ways that the study could have been improved? Locate a nursing study that utilizes some aspect of the internet (for instance, for recruitment, delivery of an intervention, or completing online assessments. What challenges did the researchers face, and how were these challenges overcome (or not)? How could future research efforts be improved? Using your computer’s office tools, develop a pie, bar, or plot chart to represent the following population estimates: Population Percentage European American 20 African American 30 Native American 20 Hispanic American 30 The assignment should be between 1500 and 2000 words in length and contain at least two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook and provided material. Please submit your assignment in one APA formatted document. Expert Answer and Explanation Summary of Articles In nursing, an intervention is actual action and treatment that are conducted with the aim of helping patients with various diseases to reach the objectives set for them by their clinicians (Tappen, 2016). Nurses are needed to use their critical thinking, knowledge, and experience to decide the best interventions they can recommend to their patients (Sanson et al., 2019). The nursing practice has divided interventions into different classes. The first class of interventions is the ones that aim at promoting safety and healthy lifestyles. These kinds of interventions are not treatments. However, they help patients attain quality health. Another group of interventions is the ones that educate patients about certain issues. Tuominen et al. (2019) mention that other classes of interventions strive to promote physical health, community health, and complex psychological needs. In other words, Stolt and Suhonen (2019) argue that nursing professionals have divided interventions into three and they include dependent, independent, and interdependent interventions. In this assignment, two studies have been reviewed. Part A Summary of the Article Showing Effects of an Intervention A Summary of the Study The article that has been focused on in this part of the assignment is A mixed-method study of an education intervention to reduce the use of restraint and implement person-centered dementia care in nursing homes by Jacobsen et al. (2017). The main objective of this study “was to investigate which factors hindered or facilitated staff awareness related to confidence-building initiatives based on person-centered care, as an alternative to restraint in residents with dementia in nursing homes” Jacobsen et al. (2017). The education intervention that consisted of monthly coaching sessions and two-day seminar targeted employees in 24 nursing facilities found in Western Norway. The researchers used a mixed-method design that combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. QPS-Nordic (The General Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work) and The P-CAT (Person-centered Care Assessment Tool) tools were used by the researchers to measure employees’ impacts in terms of the perception of leadership and person-centered care. The study concluded that staff culture together with leadership was the most significant factor promoting or hindering workers’ awareness in terms of confidence development actions, and on the care that is person-centered. Description of the Intervention’s Development and Implementation The researchers described how the intervention was developed and implemented clearly. The intervention was carried out among employees in 24 nursing facilities found within the Western Norway Regional Health Authority. The researchers selected six nursing organizations from the four Health Trusts found in the country. The researchers then grouped the participants into two groups namely control (12) and an intervention (12) groups. The researchers invited all the registered nurses to take part in the study. The researchers used a mixed-method design to develop the intervention. Implementation of the MEDCED education intervention was done by two teams. Each team had four registered nurses who were not part of the study. The nurses had experience in working with patients from nursing homes, and this facilitated the intervention in the 24 nursing organizations. The intervention was implemented over a period of one year six months from 2012 September to 2013 May. The research team educated the facilitator for seven days and taken them through various workshops before including them in the study. In other words, the researchers have clearly described how they developed and implemented the intervention in a section known as “The overall study: The MEDCED intervention study.” Theoretical Framework The researchers based their intervention on a theoretical framework known as Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS). PARIHS is a theoretical framework that can be used to highlight leadership, contextual elements of culture, and evaluation when implementing a given intervention in nursing (D’Onofrio et al., 2019). In other words, the framework was used to highlight various contextual factors that can be considered when implementing the educational intervention. Staff related issues are among the factors looked at using the theory. Person-centeredness was defined as a nursing practice approach that is established through the creation and fostering of healthy connections between older patients, all caregivers, and any other person significant to the patients’ lives. The approach is underpinned by the ethical values of respect for the individual, their right to self-confidence, and understanding. The assumption of this framework is that increased person-centered awareness and knowledge make it easy for workers to discover substitutes for using restraint in caring for dementia patients. The theory has been used to explain the failure or success of the intervention. According to the framework, understanding how and why contextual issues impact learning should be linked
[ANSWERED 2023] In this assignment you will write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies
In this assignment you will write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies. Use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment (or two new articles based on instructor feedback in Topic 1) to complete this assignment. In a 1,000–1,250-word essay, summarize two quantitative studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay. You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II Quantitative Studies Introduction Introduce your nursing practice problem and discuss the purpose of your paper. State your PICOT question. Background of Studies Summary of studies including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question. How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose? Discuss how these two articles will be used to answer your PICOT question. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question. Method of Studies State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and describe how they are different. State one benefit and one limitation of each method you have identified. Results of Studies Expert Answer and Explanation Research Critique Guidelines – Part II Quantitative Studies Introduction The project focuses on the issue of obesity and the nursing practice problem for this project since it affects a wide range of the adult population. Healthcare provides services to different patients, and each present with a different issue altogether. Obesity is a key issue in healthcare since it provides different issues to the care provider and undermines the efficiency of care. Obesity increases susceptibility to diseases and reduces the quality of life. Just like aging, and economic standpoints, obesity can be a risk factor for diseases and other forms of health factors. The susceptibility to disease from obesity increases with increase in age. Obesity and overweight are among the leading causes of many health problems, such as the occurrence of stroke and other forms of the disease. There are numerous complications that come with obesity, the most common including the buildup of fat in blood vessels, stroke, and heart attacks. Obesity interferes with the quality of life in different ways. To begin with, obesity makes it difficult for a person to lead a normal life. For instance, a person might encounter challenges with walking or climbing a flight of stairs. The inability to perform basic functions is a major concern for the health of a person. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the two quantitative research on that focus on the issues of obesity among elderly patients. PICOT Question: In non-Hispanic black adults aged 40-55 with BMI of 30 and above (P), does physical activity five days a week (I) compared to no practice (C) reduces BMI scale (O) in eight weeks (T)? Background of Studies The first quantitative study identified to address the issue of obesity among adults is the study by Dieli-Conwright et al. (2018). The article focuses on how care for breast cancer survivors can use aerobic and resistance exercise to improve physical fitness, bone health, and quality of life. The article contends that physical activity is the main treatment option for obese and overweight individuals that are looking to shed weight. The article makes use of a randomized controlled trial to help improve the outcome of care for obese and overweight patients. The identified problem in the article is the issue of obesity and overweight among cancer patients. The article is significant to the nursing profession as it offers evidence-based recommendations on proper physical activity for obese or overweight cancer survivors. The overall purpose of this trial was to compare a 16-week supervised moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic and resistance exercise intervention to usual care in physically inactive, overweight, and obese breast cancer survivors. The objective was to analyze the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises as forms of physical exercise to combat obesity. The research question used in the article is, “What is the impact of moderate-vigorous intensity and resistance exercise intervention aerobic in physically inactive, overweight, and obese breast cancer survivors?” The second article that focuses on the PICOT question is by Abdelbasset et al. (2019). The study provides insights on how an 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients. The identified problem focuses on how obesity is a major issue in society and can be mitigated through the use of physical activity. The article is significant to nursing as it creates a mean sin that nurses can use to help obese patients to overcome their weight issues. The purpose and objective of the study are to help create an effective strategy that can be sued to help treat obese patients using physical activity as the basis of care. The research question from the article is, “What are the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG), visceral lipids, and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD?” How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose? The two articles provide answers to the PICOT question as they both focus on the efficiency of physical activity as a means to mitigate obesity. The articles identify how different forms of physical activity can be used to mitigate obesity and lead to the desired outcome. The PICOT question is based on the intervention that the use
[ANSWERED 2023] Suppose you have been tasked with purchasing health insurance for your organization that has fifty (50) full-time employees.
Suppose you have been tasked with purchasing health insurance for your organization Health Insurance Assignment 4: Health Insurance and the Affordable Care Act Due Week 8 and worth 150 points Suppose you have been tasked with purchasing health insurance for your organization that has fifty full-time employees. Use the Internet or Strayer databases to research different types of health insurance. Write a 2-3 page paper in which you: Suggest one (1) plan that you would use to purchase health insurance for your organization. Determine the extent to which employee lifestyle choices and health economics would factor in to your chosen plan. Provide a rationale for your response. Analyze the implication of the Affordable Care Act on your decision to purchase insurance. Debate two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of purchasing health insurance for your employees, as opposed to having your employees receive governmental insurance. Use at least two (2) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: This course requires use of new Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Analyze the impact of healthcare financing and health insurance on healthcare access, quality, and cost. Analyze the influence of health policy and health reform on healthcare access, quality, and cost in the U.S. Use technology and information resources to research issues in healthcare policy, law, and ethics. Write clearly and concisely about healthcare policy and law using proper writing mechanics. Expert Answer and Explanation Health Insurance and the Affordable Care Act The choice of an insurance plan depends on whether one is looking for a family plan or an individual plan. The two types of health insurance plans include group health insurance and individual health insurance. The main factor that one needs to consider in choosing the insurance plan that is suited best for them is their income and the monthly cost of the specific insurance policy if the deductible will get met if the cost of the drugs for prescriptions that are needed for the treatment. Some plans do not cover services that involve emergencies like blood work and x-rays. This paper seeks to suggest a plan for insurance that will be most suitable for an organization that has fifty employees that work on a full-time basis and the implications of the ACA on the insurance purchasing decision. Plan The plan that I will use in purchasing health insurance for the organization is the group insurance plan, which can get purchased by an employee or employer of the organization and are typically cheaper compared to purchasing coverage for each employee in the company. The group health insurance is usually at a cost that is lower because the risk of the insurer gets spread across a group of holders of the policy (Glied et al., 2020).The insurance plan covers liability that is statutory for an employer for bodily injuries or death that may be suffered by the employee because of the accidents that arise out of and in the course of performing his employment duties in the organization. A group insurance plan is the most effective for the employees as they will all be covered for the same amount of medical insurance and it will also be more affordable for the organization, unlike the individual health insurance plan which will be more expensive as it will be based on the individual needs of each employee. With the group insurance plan, the organization will have to pay equal premiums for every employee, and the injury type to be covered will be specified. Health economics and the lifestyle choices of the employees factor into the plan I have chosen in the sense that the coverage gets limited to specific injuries. The employees will not have to have a different insurance plan for their healthcare needs as they will be covered as provided by the group plan. However, the plan does not cover for injuries sustained due to their own negligence or other events that take place outside the place of work. The plan covers what happens in the course of performing duties for the organization. Affordable Care Act Implication The Affordable Care Act has a significant implication on my decision to purchase insurance for the organization. The implication of the ACA on this decision is that the premium revenues for health insurers increased by 6.2%, including the enrolment made in groups of people (Siemons et al., 2017). The ACA makes a provision that an employer that does not provide coverage for its employees may face penalties. This ensures that employees at all levels of the organization have access to affordable care. There are several advantages and disadvantages of purchasing insurance for health for one’s employees. The various advantages include using it as a way of rewarding and attracting talent, it boosts the morale and dedication of the employees to their work and shaping a company culture that is positive (Kumar et al., 2019). Providing health insurance for the employees helps keep them happy and healthy, showing that the employer cares about them. Also, productivity gets enhanced when the employees are healthy as they will perform their duties efficiently. This is unlike letting them have governmental insurance with which they will be less motivated. Some of the disadvantages of purchasing health insurance for the employees include the fact that costs of healthcare have significantly increased over the years making it difficult for employers that are small to plan their finances as they find it to be an affair that is costly (Cooper & Gardner, 2016). If the employees get governmental insurance, the small businesses will not have to worry about the costs. Conclusion Providing health insurance is an essential part of every organization that seeks to achieve
[ANSWERED 2023] Conduct a cultural self-assessment In order to understand culture and cultural diversity, it is important that you understand your own culture and heritage
Conduct a cultural self-assessment In order to understand culture and cultural diversity Conduct a cultural self-assessment In order to understand culture and cultural diversity, it is important that you understand your own culture and heritage. Using the tables that are located throughout Chapter 2 of your textbook (one for each domain of the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence, Table 2-1 to Table 2-12), answer these questions as they relate to you. Remember, you are answering these questions from your personal perspective, so there is no right or wrong response. Explain why you do or do not adhere to the dominant cultural practices and beliefs of the ethnic group(s) with which you primarily identify. Although the information on this self-assessment paper is strictly confidential, if you do not wish to self-disclose a specific area from the Organizing Framework, indicate so instead of just not addressing it. You are not required to provide citations/references in this paper. Attention should be paid to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Write a 3-4 page APA essay. Expert Answer and Explanation Purnell Model for Cultural Competence Purnell’s model of cultural competence provides twelve main elements that can be used to understand an individual’s cultural identity. This paper will use the twelve tools as described in Purnell‘s model to carry out a personal cultural assessment to help describe my culture and heritage. The following information describes my personal heritage and culture Overview, Inhabited Localities, and Topography Currently, I live in the United States of America, in California. I am originally from Sierra Leone a port city and the capital of Sierra Leone. It is also the same town where I was born. I have lived in the US for more than 8 years with both of my parents being born in Sierra Leone. I came to the US to continue with my academics and pursue my profession as a nurse. I have not lived in any other place in the US other than the state of California. However, I have relatives and friends in other states within the U.S. For now, I would rather not disclose my income level but it is enough to allow me to afford the basic essentials of life. I have a health insurance cover which I am able to afford with my current income. I have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and am currently pursuing Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Some of the health hazards of working as a nurse include exposure to infections and toxic substances. I have never been in the military. I have been blessed with a wonderful family. Communication My full names are Jess Green. My legal name is Jess Green but calling me Jay will do just fine. My primary language is English but my dialect is Krio. I also know a little bit of French. I am a fairly open person and I rarely shy off to share my feelings with family, friends or healthcare providers. I don’t mind being touched by family or friends. I am however reserved when it comes to being touched by strangers. In terms of greeting, I don’t mind a handshake. I am a time-conscious person and strictly keep time for appointments but not so much when it comes to social engagements. Family Roles and Organization My parents take the center stage when it comes to decision-making, but mainly my father. In my family we don’t have any specific decisions meant for either men or women, all are at liberty to air their opinions. Most of the house chores are taken care of by succeed in their studies to make a good impression of themselves and the family while the women while men usually provide for the family. Children are required to be obedient and respectful, anything short of that will bring a bad image to the family. Young adults are supposed to are not supposed to engage in negative behaviors like drug and alcohol use. The older adults usually provide direction for the family and they are occasionally sought after for advice. There are currently no extended members living with my family. Our family is known for its humility; I think that is what gives us status. I don’t think it is wrong to get children in wedlock but getting them in marriage is a better option. I don’t think it’s a big issue for people to live together and not be married, but personally, I prefer people to live together after getting married. I don’t mind gay, lesbians or transgendered people but personally, I am straight. Workforce Issues Do you usually report to work on time? I am never late at work unless of an emergency and I am never late for meetings. I don’t think I have any concerns about working with someone of the opposite gender. I consider myself a loyal employee. I am very inquisitive especially in what I don’t know. I think I am assertive enough in my job. When a patient does not speak in fluent English or has a different accent, I at times find it hard to understand at times. Biocultural Ecology I am not allergic to any medication and don’t have any issues when taking OTC medication. There is no major illness I am aware of in my family nor any genetic diseases. Given that Sierra Leone is a coastal country, Malaria is one of the major health challenges in terms of diseases but access to medical facilities is an overall healthcare challenge for the country. My racial identity is a native African. High-risk Behaviors I don’t drink alcohol use tobacco or any other illicit or recreational drug. I occasionally jog in the morning but walk daily in the evenings for thirty minutes to an hour. I use seat belts when driving. I prefer abstinence as the best way of dealing with STIs and HIV Nutrition I am currently satisfied with my health and I normally make sure to eat a balanced diet. I avoid foodstuffs with excess fats given the negative health implications the pose. I don’t have any specific food I eat when ill
[ANSWERED 2023] A 50 year old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaints of cough for almost 2 weeks. Positive productive green sputum with associated chills, sweating, and fever up to 101.5
A 50 year old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaints Examining Chest X-Rays Chest x-rays are an invaluable diagnostic tool as they can help identify common respiratory disorders such as pneumonia, pleural effusion, and tumors, as well as cardiovascular disorders such as an enlarged heart and heart failure. As an advanced practice nurse, it is important that you are able to differentiate a normal x-ray from an abnormal x-ray in order to identify these disorders. The ability to articulate the results of a chest x-ray with the physician, radiologist, and patient is an essential skill when facilitating care in a clinical setting. In this Discussion, you practice your interprofessional collaboration skills as you interpret chest x-rays and exchange feedback with your colleagues. Consider the three patient case studies and x-rays Case Study 1 35-year–old Asian male presents to your clinic complaining of productive cough for two weeks. Stated he has had mild intermittent fever with myalgia, malaise and occasional nausea. SH: works as a law clerk PE: NP noted low grade fever (99 degrees), with very mild wheezing and scattered rhonchi. Case Study 2 This is a 44-year–old Caucasian male being seen at your clinics with complaints of complaints of cough for 4 days and worsening. Stated he has had high grade fever. States he feels weak and has been in bed most of the last two days. Complains of exertional dyspnea, followed by dyspnea at rest, non-productive cough and pleuritic chest pain MEDS: Zovirax, Diflucan, magic mouth wash, Zofran, mycostatin, filgrastin PMH: HTN, Hep C, HIV/AIDS, thrush SH: Past IV Drug abuse; lives in a group home; PE: VS: Ht: 5’7, Wt: 150#, BMI 23, Anorexic male, febrile, tachypneic, tachycardic, with rales and rhonchi. You note decreased in breath sounds, dullness, and egophony Case Study 3 A 50 year old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaints of cough for almost 2 weeks. Positive productive green sputum with associated chills, sweating, and fever up to 101.5. She manages a daycare and states that many of the children have had upper respiratory symptoms in the last two weeks. PMH: DM diagnosed 7 years ago, controlled on medications. MEDS: Glyburide 10mg qd PE: She looks ill with continuous coughing and chills. BP 100/80, T: 102, HR: 110; O2Sat 97% on RA. Lungs: +Crackles, increased fremitus Labs: CBC 17,000 cells/mm3 , blood sugar is 120 To prepare: Review Part 10 of the Buttaro et al. text in this week’s Resources, as well as the provided x-rays. Reflect on what you see in the x-ray assigned to you by the Course Instructor. Consider whether the patient in your assigned x-ray has an enlarged heart, enlarged blood vessels, fluid in the lungs, and/or pneumonia in the lungs. Post an explanation of the primary diagnosis, as well as 3 differential diagnoses, for the patient in the case study you were selected or were assigned. Describe the role the patient history and physical exam played in the diagnosis. Then, suggest potential treatment options based on your patient diagnosis. Expert Answer and Explanation Examining Chest X-Rays The Primary Diagnosis The primary diagnosis for this case is pneumonia. Pneumonia is either a bacterial or viral infection that affects one or all parts of the lungs. According to Zhu et al. (2020), pneumonia infection is often spread through droplets from an infected person. This disease has been selected as the primary diagnosis because the patient reports that she has bee interacting with children showing upper respiratory signs for the last two weeks. Some of the signs of pneumonia include fever, chills, a cough that produces mucus, and shortness of breath. The patient has reported almost all the signs highlighted above. The X-ray test showed that the patient has fluids in the alveoli, and according to Lapinsky, Leen, Mak, and Shafiee (2019), this is a sign of pneumonia. Differential Diagnosis 1. Asthma According to Chahin & Opal (2017), asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes a person’s airways to be inflamed, swollen, and narrow, making the individual experience difficulty breathing. Some of the symptoms of the disease include coughing that worsens, difficulty breathing, ad chest pain. This disease has been included in the diagnosis because it causes a cough that produces a lot of mucus as experienced by the patient. 2. Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a group of medical conditions that block a person’s breathing system and thus make it hard for the individual to breathe. Some of the diseases’ signs include lack of energy that can cause fainting, frequent respiratory infections, swelling of legs and ankles, and a cough that produces mucus (Zhou et al., 2020). This disease has been included in the diagnosis because one of its signs is a cough that produces mucus like the one reported by the patient. 3. Lung cancer Lung cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lung region. The disease symptoms include a new cough that does not fade, hoarseness, shortness of breath, bone pain, and losing weight (Yoon, Kim, Yang, & Ham, 2028). The disease has been included in the diagnosis because one of its symptoms is a prolonged cough, like the one experienced by the patient for two weeks. Role of Patient History in the Diagnosis The personal and medical history provided by the patient was so helpful when diagnosis the individual. The history was used to determine the causes of the ailment. Most of the respiratory problems are often caused by allergies. Therefore, information about allergies could help the medical doctor determine whether the patient’s condition is an allergic reaction (Zhou et al., 2020). By stating where she works, it was concluded that she contracted the disease from the children or the one who infected the kids. Another important history in the diagnosis is that it helped the medical professional risk factors that could have increased the patient’s chances of being infected by the germ. Patient history also provided the medical professional with information about the diagnostic tests the patient can afford. Potential Treatment Options The treatment of the patient will depend on the type of pneumonia the individual has. If the patient has bacterial pneumonia, she should be prescribed
[ANSWERED 2023] Health care planners could be more effective and efficient if they used the concept of the natural history of disease and the levels of prevention to design services that intervene at the weakest
Health care planners could be more effective and efficient if they used the concept of the Healthcare Systems Assignment Description: Complete ALL of the bullet points below: Health care planners could be more effective and efficient if they used the concept of the natural history of disease and the levels of prevention to design services that intervene at the weakest link in the chain of progression of specific diseases. Instead, most focus on high-technology solutions to preventable problems. Assess the characteristics of the medical care culture that encourage the latter approach. Hospitals and other health care institutions, whether voluntary or for-profit, need to be financially solvent to survive growing market pressures. Describe how this “bottom line” focus has changed the nature of the US health care system. The insurance industry plays a huge role in the American health care system and absorbs a significant portion of the health care dollar. A single payer system, whether it is a private company or the US government, would eliminate the complex insurance paperwork burden and free substantial funds that could be diverted to support care for the under-served. Why do you believe that so much resistance to a concept used in every other developed country has continued in the U.S.? Include the time management Weekly Planner to show when you will make room for your school work. Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook. They want it in APA with the beginning of the paper stating what it is about and conclusion at the end Required Source: Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. A. (2017). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (9th ed.). Jones & Bartlett. Read chapters 1 & 2. Expert Answer and Explanation US Healthcare System The US healthcare system has experienced a lot of changes in terms of medical care methods and treatment protocols and financing. In terms of treatment, the US health system has been positively impacted by technologies such as electronic health records among other healthcare technologies (Sultz & Young, 2017). These technologies have allowed healthcare professionals to provide quality and safe care. In terms of financing, the US health system has experienced huge reimbursement changes. Some of the policies that have changed US health financing include Medicare, Medicaid, and Affordable Care programs (Sultz & Young, 2017). The purpose of this assignment is to explain characteristics of the medical care culture that have encouraged US care professionals to focus on high-technology solutions to preventable problems, how the “bottom line” focus has changed the nature of the US health care system, and why universal health care is resisted in the US. Question 1 Certain characteristics are common in a medical culture which encourages healthcare professionals to use high-technology solutions to preventable problems. The characteristics become visible during patient examination and provision of other care services concerning the technologies. It is vital to identify the players in healthcare culture to accurately determine their characteristics and motives. In the US healthcare culture, two main players are the patients and healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, and other specialists) (Sultz & Young, 2017). Other players include the hospital system and third-party payers (private and government insurance plans). One of the medical care cultures that encourage the latter approach is instant gratification. According to Sultz and Young (2017), most healthcare planers focus on high-technology solutions to preventable problems because of the medical culture of instant gratification. Instant gratification means instant cure (Deo et al., 2020). Most patients in the US need an instant cure for acute illness, chronic disease, and pain which cannot be provided by the former. High-technology solutions can provide instant care while the former cannot. When high technologies are used, the patient is cured almost instantly. The second characteristic is work satisfaction. Sultz and Young (2017) noted that work satisfaction is highly associated with the use of high technology to provide cures and promote disease prevention. The main objective of healthcare professionals is to provide patient care using standardized interventions. Healthcare professionals prefer to use high technology to attain healthcare goals because it prevents them from fewer difficulties as compared to the conventional approach which relies on identifying the history of the illness to create a treatment protocol (Harerimana et al., 2019). In other words, healthcare professionals use high technology to help their patients because it achieves their care goals faster than conventional methods and thus improves their satisfaction. The last characteristic is improved coordination of responsibilities and communication. Healthcare professionals prefer care methods that allow them to effectively coordinate and communicate when providing care to their patients. High-technology methods provide them with the opportunity to coordinate and effectively communicate making it a preferred method of care provision among the players in the US care system. Sultz and Young (2017) noted that US care providers have recently shown interest in Electrotonic Health Records as a tool to be used in providing care. The authors argued that the tool has helped healthcare providers easily and effectively coordinate and communicate with patients and other stakeholders to provide care. EHR technology provided healthcare professionals with a single platform where they can access patient data and communicate with peers, making the high-technology care provision method the preferred approach. Question 2 All healthcare organizations across the US strive to be financially solvent in the process of providing quality and safe care to their patients and this has greatly affected the nation’s healthcare system. One of the ways the “bottom line” focus has changed the healthcare system in the US is increasing the cost of care services. Dieleman et al. (2020) noted that Americans are paying more for their care today than in the last decade due to healthcare organizations’ focus on the bottom line. Healthcare organizations are forced to increase the cost of care services to be able to pay for their human workforce and procure necessary products needed for care providers such as
[SOLVED 2023] Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system
Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization In the media introduction to this module, it was suggested that you as a nurse have an important role in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). With a focus on patient care and outcomes, nurses may not always see themselves as contributors to the development of new systems. However, as you may have observed in your own experience, exclusion of nurse contributions when implementing systems can have dire consequences. In this Discussion, you will consider the role you might play in systems development and the ramifications of not being an active participant in systems development. To Prepare: Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) as presented in the Resources. Reflect on your own healthcare organization and consider any steps your healthcare organization goes through when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system. Consider what a nurse might contribute to decisions made at each stage of the SDLC when planning for new health information technology. Post a description of what you believe to be the consequences of a healthcare organization not involving nurses in each stage of the SDLC when purchasing and implementing a new health information technology system. Provide specific examples of potential issues at each stage of the SDLC and explain how the inclusion of nurses may help address these issues. Then, explain whether you had any input in the selection and planning of new health information technology systems in your nursing practice or healthcare organization and explain potential impacts of being included or not in the decision-making process. Be specific and provide examples. Expert Answer and Explanation Inclusion of Nurses in SDLC Process The SDLC process has five key stages, including analysis, design, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance (McGonigle, & Mastrian, 2017). The analysis stage is concerned with determining the areas that would be included in the system, and not involving the nurses might lead to gaps in the system modules leading to performance challenges. The inclusion of nurses might help identify the areas that need to be addressed in the system and better implement the software (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n. d. a). At the design stage, nurses are relevant for providing the required functional framework in terms of structure and routine, and their exclusion can lead to a system that would be partially functional and need numerous changes. At the implementation stage, nurses are involved for they are the main users of the system, and they need to be trained and educated on the system functionality, failure to their inclusion would lead to underutilization of the system and losses in others of return on investment (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, n.d.b). Not involving nurses in the evaluation process has a negative impact on understanding the impact of the change. Involving nurses in maintenance can be essential in identifying the areas that are properly functioning and those that require redesign or patches. During my nursing practice, I was partially involved with the selection and planning of the health information technology (HIT) since I was at a lower level. The leadership and management are obligated with the selection, and I was partially involved with planning by providing insights and inputs on how the system would be beneficial to the organization. The potential outcome of being included to be part of the selection and planning is to have a final system that responds to the local problems tailored to the nurses and meet the functional requirement of the organization. References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.a). Health IT evaluation toolkit and evaluation measures quick reference guide. https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/health-it-evaluation-toolkit-and-evaluation-measures-quick-reference Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.b). Workflow assessment for health IT toolkit. https://healthit.ahrq.gov/health-it-tools-and-resources/evaluation-resources/workflow-assessment-health-it-toolkit McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order FAQs Involving nurses in developing new technology Involving nurses in developing new technology can be very beneficial for a number of reasons. Here are some potential benefits: Insight into user needs: Nurses are on the front lines of healthcare, and as such, they have a unique perspective on the needs of patients and providers. Involving them in the development of new technology can help ensure that the technology meets the needs of those who will be using it. Improved adoption: Nurses are more likely to adopt new technology if they have had a hand in its development. By involving them in the process, you can increase the likelihood that the technology will be used effectively. Enhanced usability: Nurses can provide valuable feedback on the usability of new technology. They can identify potential issues or areas for improvement that might not be apparent to developers who are not familiar with the healthcare setting. Increased efficiency: Nurses are often responsible for a wide range of tasks, and new technology that can streamline or automate some of these tasks can be a significant time-saver. Involving nurses in the development of such technology can help ensure that it is designed with efficiency in mind. Overall, involving nurses in the development of new technology can help ensure that it is effective, user-friendly, and meets the needs of patients and providers. It can also increase the likelihood of adoption and improve efficiency in the healthcare setting. Roles of a nurse informatics professional in project management and systems life cycle A nurse informatics professional plays an important role in project management and the systems life cycle in healthcare. Here are some specific roles that a nurse informatics professional can play in these areas: Project Management: A nurse informatics professional can act as a project manager for healthcare technology projects. They can plan and organize the project, manage resources, and oversee project timelines and budgets. Requirements Gathering: A nurse informatics professional can
[ANSWERED 2023] JR 47 yo WM complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started 3 days ago. He has no
JR 47 yo WM complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started 3 days ago. He has no ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT Subjective: CC: “My stomach hurts, I have diarrhea and nothing seems to help.” HPI: JR 47 yo WM complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started 3 days ago. He has not taken any medications because he did not know what to take. He states the pain is a 5/10 today but has been as much as 9/10 when it first started. He has been able to eat, with some nausea afterwards. PMH: HTN, Diabetes, hx of GI bleed 4 years ago Medications: Lisinopril 10mg, Amlodipine 5 mg, Metformin 1000mg, Lantus 10 units qhs Allergies: NKDA FH: No hx of colon cancer, Father hx DMT2, HTN, Mother hx HTN, Hyperlipidemia, GERD Social: Denies tobacco use; occasional etoh, married, 3 children (1 girl, 2 boys) Objective: VS: Temp 99.8; BP 160/86; RR 16; P 92; HT 5’10”; WT 248lbs Heart: RRR, no murmurs Lungs: CTA, chest wall symmetrical Skin: Intact without lesions, no urticaria Abd: soft, hyperactive bowel sounds, pos pain in the LLQ Diagnostics: None Assessment: Left lower quadrant pain Gastroenteritis PLAN: This section is not required for the assignments in this course (NURS 6512) but will be required for future courses. The Assignment Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation. Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation. Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not? What diagnostic tests would be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis? Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not? Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature. REQUIRED READINGS: Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel\’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Chapter 6, “Vital Signs and Pain Assessment ”This chapter describes the experience of pain and its causes. The authors also describe the process of pain assessment. Chapter 18, “Abdomen” In this chapter, the authors summarize the anatomy and physiology of the abdomen. The authors also explain how to conduct an assessment of the abdomen. Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Credit Line: Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains, J.E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby. Reprinted by permission of Mosby via the Copyright Clearance Center. Chapter 3, “Abdominal Pain” This chapter outlines how to collect a focused history on abdominal pain. This is followed by what to look for in a physical examination in order to make an accurate diagnosis. Chapter 10, “Constipation” The focus of this chapter is on identifying the causes of constipation through taking a focused history, conducting physical examinations, and performing laboratory tests. Chapter 12, “Diarrhea” In this chapter, the authors focus on diagnosing the cause of diarrhea. The chapter includes questions to ask patients about the condition, things to look for in a physical exam, and suggested laboratory or diagnostic studies to perform. Chapter 29, “Rectal Pain, Itching, and Bleeding” This chapter focuses on how to diagnose rectal bleeding and pain. It includes a table containing possible diagnoses, the accompanying physical signs, and suggested diagnostic studies. Colyar, M. R. (2015). Advanced practice nursing procedures. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Credit Line: Advanced practice nursing procedures, 1st Edition by Colyar, M. R. Copyright 2015 by F. A. Davis Company. Reprinted by permission of F. A. Davis Company via the Copyright Clearance Center. These sections below explain the procedural knowledge needed to perform gastrointestinal procedures. Chapter 107, “X-Ray Interpretation: Chest (pp. 480–487) Chapter 115, “X-Ray Interpretation of Abdomen” (pp. 514–520) Note: Download this Student Checklist and Abdomen Key Points to use during your practice abdominal examination. Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Abdomen: Student checklist. In Seidel\’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Credit Line: Seidel\’s Guide to Physical Examination, 9th Edition by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2019 by Elsevier Health Sciences. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Health Sciences via the Copyright Clearance Center. Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Abdomen: Key points. In Seidel\’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Credit Line: Seidel\’s Guide to Physical Examination, 9th Edition by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2019 by Elsevier Health Sciences. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Health Sciences via the Copyright Clearance Center. Expert Answer and Explanation Abdominal Assessment Assessment is a critical practice in nursing. Nursing assessment can be used to determine the current and future care needs of a patient (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart, 2019). Nursing assessment includes the recognition of abnormal versus normal physiology. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the provided Episodic Note case study that describes abnormal findings in patients seen in a clinical setting and answer the provided questions. Additional Subjective Data to be included in the Documentation A lot of information was included in a subjective portion of the note. However, I feel that some critical data that can improve the assessment process are missing. For instance, the patient’s ethnic group was not mentioned. Some diseases are more prone in certain ethnic groups compared to others. Hence, identifying the race of the patient can help a nurse identify whether the client’s ethnicity is a risk factor for specific diseases. Another important data that should be added in the subjective portion of the note is the review of systems. The review of systems is the process of reviewing