[2023] A 6 year old female child that came to the clinic with accompanied by her mother complaining of cough since 8 weeks ago
A 6 year old female child that came to the clinic with accompanied by her mother Asthma case study instructions ( Essay) A 6 year old female child that came to the clinic with accompanied by her mother complaining of cough since 8 weeks ago. The cough is triggered when she laugh or cry. Her cough get worse when she is exposes to cold air, exercise, and at night. Patient past medical history of mild eczema and chronic nasal congestion. No shortness of breath, wheezing or fever reported. She is currently talking no medications. No known allergies reported. On her examination she is not in acute distress. Positive findings during examination: nasal turbinates little pale and edematous. During lungs auscultation she had end- expiratory wheezing, but no use of accessory muscle of respiration. The child was born in India moved to United Stated when she was 1 year old. Her family recently moved to a new area, since that, she is complaining of worsening nasal congestion. The house has some carpets on the floor. She also has a dog in her house. Patient has a history of mother and cousins diagnosed with asthma. The primary diagnosis is asthma based on her past history, clinical presentation and family history. Introduction Should be a paragraph that provides a brief overview of the case and main diagnosis: 1-Asthma Differential Diagnoses Provide EACH differential diagnosis with the rationale and supporting evidence with the REFERENCE for each one. Also explain why differentials Viral pneumonia and sinusitis) were not the main diagnosis. Asthma: Viral pneumonia: Sinusitis: Diagnostics Identify the lab, radiology, or other tests needed for Asthma with supporting evidence. Treatment Include the initial treatment plan for Asthma. It should include medication names, dosages, and frequencies Education Patient/family education in patient with asthma Follow-Up for athma Appropriate follow up plan. Please include when will patient follow up: 2 weeks, 1month, 3 months. What are some follow up labs or test. Referrals Why are they following up? What outcome do you wish to assess? References Requirement: APA format Intext citation References at least 4 high-level scholarly reference per post within the last 5 years in APA format. EACH differential diagnostic gets 1 reference Plagiarism free. Turnitin receipt. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order How to Help a Child with Difficulty Breathing When a child experiences difficulty breathing, it can be a distressing situation for both the child and their caregivers. The ability to breathe freely is crucial for proper growth, development, and overall well-being. Understanding the importance of helping a child with difficulty breathing is essential to provide immediate assistance, seek appropriate medical attention, and establish long-term strategies for managing respiratory issues effectively. Identifying the Cause Recognizing the signs of difficulty breathing in children is the first step towards providing necessary aid. Symptoms such as rapid or shallow breathing, wheezing, coughing, bluish discoloration of the lips or face, and retractions (visible sinking of the skin between the ribs or at the base of the neck) indicate respiratory distress. Common causes of difficulty breathing in children include asthma, allergies, respiratory infections, foreign body aspiration, and chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis. Immediate Steps to Assist a Child with Difficulty Breathing In a situation where a child is struggling to breathe, it is crucial to remain calm and take immediate action. Ensuring the child’s safety by removing any potential hazards is paramount. If there is an airway obstruction, such as food or a small object, it should be cleared promptly and safely. In cases where the child is not breathing adequately, rescue breathing techniques, such as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or chest compressions, may be necessary. Activating emergency medical services should be a priority when the child’s condition does not improve or if there is a severe respiratory emergency. Long-term Strategies to Support a Child with Respiratory Issues Seeking medical diagnosis and treatment is vital for managing chronic respiratory conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional will help determine the underlying cause of the child’s difficulty breathing and develop an appropriate treatment plan. Creating a safe and clean environment by reducing exposure to allergens, dust, and pollutants can significantly improve the child’s respiratory health. Implementing healthy lifestyle habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate hydration, also contribute to overall well-being. In some cases, respiratory devices or medications prescribed by a healthcare professional may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and support optimal lung function. Emotional Support for the Child and Family Caring for a child with difficulty breathing can be emotionally challenging for both the child and their family. Communicating with empathy and reassurance is essential to provide emotional support. Encouraging open dialogue and allowing the child to express their emotions freely helps them cope with their condition. Seeking support from healthcare professionals or joining support groups for families facing similar challenges can provide additional guidance, resources, and a sense of community. Preventive Measures to Reduce the Risk of Difficulty Breathing Preventing respiratory issues in children involves proactive measures. Maintaining a clean and allergen-free environment by regularly cleaning surfaces, using air purifiers, and minimizing exposure to smoke or strong odors can reduce respiratory triggers. Promoting healthy habits, such as proper hand hygiene and encouraging regular exercise, supports a strong immune system. Ensuring timely vaccination and immunization helps protect children from respiratory infections. Monitoring and managing any underlying health conditions, such as allergies or asthma, can also minimize the risk of difficulty breathing. Conclusion Helping a child with difficulty breathing requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses immediate assistance, long-term strategies, emotional support, and preventive measures. By understanding the signs, taking immediate action, seeking medical guidance, and providing a supportive environment, caregivers can effectively assist children with respiratory issues and improve their overall quality of life. FAQs What are the common causes of difficulty breathing in children? Difficulty breathing in children can be caused
[ANSWERED 2023] A Puerto Rican Woman With Comorbid Addiction
A Puerto Rican Woman With Comorbid Addiction A Puerto Rican Woman With Comorbid Addiction. The Assignment: Examine Case Study: A Puerto Rican Woman With Comorbid Addiction. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. At each decision point stop to complete the following: · Decision #1 o Which decision did you select? o Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? · Decision #2 o Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? · Decision #3 o Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. o Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources no more than five years old. Co-morbid Addiction (ETOH and Gambling) 53-year-old Puerto Rican Female BACKGROUND Mrs. Maria Perez is a 53 year old Puerto Rican female who presents to your office today due to a rather “embarrassing problem.” SUBJECTIVE Mrs. Perez admits that she has had “problems” with alcohol since her father died in her late teens. She reports that she has struggled with alcohol since her 20’s and has been involved with Alcoholics Anonymous “on and off” for the past 25 years. She states that for the past two years, she has been having more and more difficulty maintaining her sobriety since they opened the new “Rising Sun” casino near her home. Mrs. Perez states that she and a friend went to visit the new casino during their grand opening at which point she was “hooked.” She states that she gets “such a high” when she is gambling. While gambling, she “enjoys a drink or two” to help calm her during high-stakes games. She states that this often gives way to more drinking and more reckless gambling. She also reports that her cigarette smoking has increased over the past two years and she is concerned about the negative effects of the cigarette smoking on her health. She states that she attempts to abstain from drinking but that she gets such a “high” from the act of gambling that she needs a few drinks to “even out.” She also notices that when she drinks, she doesn’t smoke “as much” but enjoys smoking when she is playing at the slot machines. She also reports that she has gained weight from drinking so much- she currently weights 122 lbs., which represents a 7 lb. weight gain from her usual 115 lb. weight. Mrs. Perez is quite concerned today because she has borrowed over $50,000 from her retirement account to pay off her gambling debts. She is very concerned because her husband does not know that she has spent this much money. MENTAL STATUS EXAM The client is a 53 year old Puerto Rican female who is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. She is dressed appropriately for the weather and time of year. Her speech is clear, coherent, and goal directed. Her eye contact is somewhat avoidant during the clinical interview. As you make eye contact with her, she looks away or looks down. She demonstrates no noteworthy mannerisms, gestures, or tics. Her self-reported mood is “sad.” Affect is appropriate to content of conversation & self-reported mood. She visual or auditory hallucinations, no delusional or paranoid thought processes are readily appreciated. Insight and judgment are grossly intact, however, impulse control is impaired. She is currently denying suicidal or homicidal ideation. Diagnosis: Gambling disorder, alcohol use disorder Decision Point One: Select what the PMHNP should do: Naltrexone (Vivitrol) injection, 380 mg intramuscularly in the gluteal region every 4 weeks RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE Client returns to clinic in four weeks Mrs. Perez said that she felt “wonderful” as she has not “touched a drop” to drink since receiving the injection Client reports that she has not been going to the casino, as frequently, but when she does go she “drops a bundle” (meaning, spends a lot of money gambling) Client She is also still smoking, which has her concerned. She is also reporting some problems with anxiety, which also have her concerned Decision Point Two: Select what the PMHNP should do next: Add on Valium(diazepam) 5 mg orally TID/PRN/anxiety RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO Client returns to clinic in four weeks Mrs. Perez reports that when she first received the valium, it helped her tremendously. She states “I was like a new person- this is a miracle drug!” However, she reports that she has trouble “waiting” between drug administration times and sometimes takes her valium early Client is asking today for you to increase the valium dose or frequency Decision Point Three: Select what the PMHNP should do next: Continue current dose of Vivitrol, increase Valium to 10 mg orally TID/PRN/anxiety. Refer to counseling for her ongoing gambling issue Guidance to Student Anxiety is a common side effect of Vivitrol. Mrs. Perez reports that she is doing well with this medication, and like other side effects, the anxiety associated with this medication may be transient. The psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner should never
[ANSWERED 2023] Select a patient for whom you conducted psychotherapy during the last 6 weeks. Create a Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note on this patient using the template provided in the Learning Resources
Select a patient for whom you conducted psychotherapy during the last 6 weeks. Create a Assignment 2: Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note and Patient Case Presentation Psychiatric notes are a way to reflect on your practicum experiences and connect the experiences to the learning you gain from your weekly Learning Resources. Comprehensive psychiatric evaluation notes, such as the ones required in this practicum course, are often used in clinical settings to document patient care. For this Assignment, you will document information about a patient that you examined at your practicum site, using the Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note Template provided. You will then use this note to develop and record a case presentation for this patient. To Prepare Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about impulse-control and conduct disorders. Select a patient for whom you conducted psychotherapy during the last 6 weeks. Create a Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Note on this patient using the template provided in the Learning Resources. There is also a completed template provided as an exemplar and guide. All psychiatric evaluation notes must be signed, and each page must be initialed by your Preceptor. When you submit your note, you should include the complete comprehensive evaluation note as a Word document and pdf/images of each page that is initialed and signed by your Preceptor. You must submit your note using SafeAssign. Please Note: Electronic signatures are not accepted. If both files are not received by the due date, Faculty will deduct points per the Walden Grading Policy. Then, based on your evaluation of this patient, develop a video presentation of the case. Plan your presentation using the Assignment rubric and rehearse what you plan to say. Be sure to review the Kaltura Media Uploader resource in the left-hand navigation of the classroom for help creating your self-recorded Kaltura video. Include at least five scholarly resources to support your assessment and diagnostic reasoning. Ensure that you have the appropriate lighting and equipment to record the presentation. The Assignment Record yourself presenting the complex case study for your clinical patient. In your presentation: Dress professionally and present yourself in a professional manner. Display your photo ID at the start of the video when you introduce yourself. Ensure that you do not include any information that violates the principles of HIPAA (i.e., don’t use the patient’s name or any other identifying information). Present the full complex case study. Be succinct in your presentation, and do not exceed 8 minutes. Include subjective and objective data; assessment from most recent mental status exam; current psychiatric diagnosis including differentials that were ruled out; current psychotherapeutic plan (include one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy you provided); and patient progress toward treatment goals. Subjective: What details did the patient provide regarding their chief complaint and symptomology to derive your differential diagnosis? What was the duration and severity of their symptoms? How are their symptoms impacting their functioning in life? Objective: What observations did you make during the psychiatric assessment? Assessment: Discuss the patient’s mental status examination results. What were your differential diagnoses? Provide a minimum of three possible diagnoses in order of highest to lowest priority and explain why you chose them. What was your primary diagnosis and why? Describe how your primary diagnosis aligns with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and is supported by the patient’s symptoms. Plan: What was your plan for psychotherapy (including one health promotion activity and one patient education strategy)? What was your plan for treatment and management, including alternative therapies? Include nonpharmacologic treatments, alternative therapies, and follow-up parameters, as well as a rationale for this treatment and management plan. Reflection notes: What would you do differently with this patient if you could conduct the session again? Excellent Good Fair Poor Photo ID display and professional attire 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Photo ID is displayed. The student is dressed professionally. 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) Photo ID is not displayed. Student must remedy this before grade is posted. The student is not dressed professionally. Time 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) The video does not exceed the 8-minute time limit. 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 0 (0%) 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) The video exceeds the 8-minute time limit. (Note: Information presented after 8 minutes will not be evaluated for grade inclusion.) Discuss Subjective data: • Chief complaint • History of present illness (HPI) • Medications • Psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis • Pertinent histories and/or ROS 9 (9%) – 10 (10%) The video accurately and concisely presents the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, and pertinent histories and/or review of systems that would inform a differential diagnosis. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) The video accurately presents the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, and pertinent histories and/or review of systems that would inform a differential diagnosis. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) The video presents the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, and pertinent histories and/or review of systems that would inform a differential diagnosis, but is somewhat vague or contains minor inaccuracies. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) The video presents an incomplete, inaccurate, or unnecessarily detailed/verbose description of the patient’s subjective complaint, history of present illness, medications, psychotherapy or previous psychiatric diagnosis, and pertinent histories and/or review of systems that would inform a differential diagnosis. Or subjective documentation is missing. Discuss Objective data: • Physical exam documentation of systems pertinent to the chief complaint, HPI, and history • Diagnostic results, including any labs, imaging, or other assessments needed to develop the differential diagnoses 9 (9%) – 10 (10%) The video accurately and concisely documents the patient’s physical exam for pertinent systems. Pertinent diagnostic tests and their results are documented, as applicable. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) The response accurately documents the patient’s physical exam for pertinent systems. Diagnostic tests and their results are documented, as applicable. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Documentation of the patient’s physical exam is somewhat vague or contains minor inaccuracies. Diagnostic tests and their results are documented but contain inaccuracies. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) The response provides incomplete, inaccurate, or unnecessarily detailed/verbose
[ANSWERED 2023] Explain multicultural communication and its origins. Compare and contrast culture, ethnicity, and acculturation
Explain multicultural communication and its origins. Compare and contrast culture Write a 650-1300 word response to the following questions: Explain multicultural communication and its origins. Compare and contrast culture, ethnicity, and acculturation. Explain how cultural and religious differences affect the health care professional and the issues that can arise in cross-cultural communications. Discuss family culture and its effect on patient education. List some approaches the health care professional can use to address religious and cultural diversity. List the types of illiteracy. Discuss illiteracy as a disability. Give examples of some myths about illiteracy. Explain how to assess literacy skills and evaluate written material for readability. Identify ways a health care professional may establish effective communication. Suggest ways the health care professional can help a patient remember instructions. This assignment is to be submitted as a Microsoft Word document. Expert Answer and Explanation Culture and Literacy Effective communication in healthcare is essential for providing quality patient care. The intersection of culture and literacy plays a significant role in how healthcare professionals interact with patients. Understanding the impact of culture and literacy on healthcare communication is crucial for delivering patient-centered care and ensuring positive health outcomes. Multicultural Communication Multicultural communication is the practice of effective communication between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. It aims to bridge the gap in understanding, minimize misunderstandings, and promote effective interaction between people of diverse cultural, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds (Park, 2020). The origins of multicultural communication can be traced back to the growing diversity and globalization of our world, where individuals from various cultures come into contact through work, travel, and migration. This has created a necessity for effective cross-cultural communication, leading to the development of this field. Culture, Ethnicity, And Acculturation Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group, whereas ethnicity pertains to a person’s identification with a specific racial, national, or social group based on common cultural factors, including language, religion, or history (Dey et al., 2019). Acculturation, on the other hand, refers to the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of a dominant culture, typically due to prolonged contact or assimilation. While culture and ethnicity are primarily about one’s identity, acculturation deals with the adaptation to another culture. Cultural And Religious Differences in Health Care Professional Cultural and religious differences can significantly affect healthcare professionals. They can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and hinder effective patient-provider communication. Issues that may arise in cross-cultural communications include variations in health beliefs and practices, differing perceptions of illness and wellness, and language barriers that can impede informed consent and shared decision-making (Young & Guo, 2020). To address religious and cultural diversity, healthcare professionals can employ various approaches such as cultural competency training, providing culturally tailored patient education materials, and fostering an environment of respect and sensitivity to patient needs. Family Culture and Its Effect on Patient Education Family culture also plays a critical role in patient education, as familial beliefs and values can influence an individual’s health-related decisions and adherence to treatment plans. Family culture has a significant impact on patient education. Families can play a key role in helping patients understand their condition, manage their treatment, and make informed decisions about their care (Young & Guo, 2020). Family values and beliefs can influence how patients view their health and illness. Family communication patterns can also affect patient education. For example, families that have open and supportive communication may be more likely to encourage patients to ask questions and learn about their condition. Addressing Religious and Cultural Diversity Healthcare professionals should become familiar with the different cultural and religious backgrounds of the patients in their community. This can be done through reading, taking cultural competency training, or talking to patients and their families. It is also important to be respectful of patients’ cultural and religious beliefs. This means being sensitive to patients’ needs and avoiding making assumptions about their beliefs and practices (Young & Guo, 2020). Additionally, healthcare organizations can promote diversity and inclusion within their workforce to better reflect the patient population they serve, further facilitating cross-cultural communication and understanding in healthcare settings. Types Of Illiteracy There are various types of illiteracy with each comprising of unique but correlated differences. Functional illiteracy refers to the inability to read and write at a level that is necessary to function in everyday life. Health illiteracy is the inability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions about one’s health (van Kessel et al., 2022). This includes being able to read and understand prescription labels, medical records, and other health-related materials. Digital illiteracy is the inability to effectively use digital devices and navigate the internet for information and communication. Cultural illiteracy is the lack of knowledge and understanding of one’s own or other cultures, including their history, customs, and traditions. On the other hand, numeracy illiteracy is the inability to understand and work with numbers and mathematical concepts. Illiteracy As a Disability Illiteracy can be considered a disability when it significantly hinders an individual’s ability to participate in essential activities, such as reading prescription labels, understanding medical instructions, and accessing healthcare information (van Kessel et al., 2022). This limitation can lead to adverse health outcomes and reduced quality of life. In some cases, illiteracy may be associated with learning disabilities or cognitive impairments, further emphasizing its role as a disability. Myths About Illiteracy There are several misconceptions about illiteracy that need to be clarified. Firstly, illiteracy is not solely an individual’s fault or a result of their lack of effort; it can be influenced by various factors, including access to education and learning resources. Secondly, equating illiteracy with a lack of intelligence is unfair and inaccurate; many illiterate individuals have other valuable skills and knowledge (van Kessel et al., 2022). Additionally, it is a misconception that illiterate adults cannot learn to read or write. With the right support and resources, many adults can improve their literacy skills. Lastly, illiteracy is a significant issue that affects a substantial
[ANSWERED 2023] Alma Faulkenberger is an 85-year-old female outpatient sitting in the waiting room awaiting an invasive pelvic procedure. The health care professional who
Alma Faulkenberger is an 85-year-old female outpatient sitting in the waiting room Alma Faulkenberger is an 85-year-old female outpatient sitting in the waiting room awaiting an invasive pelvic procedure. The health care professional who will assist in her procedure enters the room and calls “Alma.” There is no reply so the professional retreats to the work area. Fifteen minutes later the professional returns and calls “Alma Frankenberg.” Still no reply, so he leaves again. Another 15 minutes pass and the professional approaches Alma and shouts in her ear, “Are you Alma Frankenberg?” She replies, “No I am not, and I am not deaf either, and when you get my name correct I will answer you.” Using the Topic 1 Resources, develop a plan to help Alma be compliant with the procedure and post-treatment medication. Also, describe the approach you would take to patient education in this case. Expert Answer and Explanation Patient adherence is a crucial aspect that healthcare professionals must prioritize for optimal healthcare delivery (Snider et al., 2020). It’s imperative for healthcare providers to be well-informed about the various factors affecting patient adherence and take prompt actions to address these issues. The case of Alma Faulkenberger highlights the problem of the doctor mispronouncing the patient’s name, which resulted in miscommunication and non-compliance on the patient’s part. To foster compliance in Alma’s case, the doctor should implement a series of strategies aimed at enhancing patient collaboration (Snider et al., 2020). The initial step in the compliance plan involves ensuring that the patient comprehends the core values upheld by the healthcare facility. Explaining to Alma that even healthcare professionals can make pronunciation errors without any ill intentions can help establish a positive rapport. Acknowledging the mistake and inviting Alma to express her preferred name or title can effectively address the communication issue (Snider et al., 2020). The compliance plan for Alma also encompasses collaboration with other medical professionals to gain insights into the patient’s specific needs, preferences, beliefs, and any other factors that could impact the provision of medical care. In addition, the doctor can employ various techniques for patient education, particularly concerning post-treatment medication. Effective communication necessitates a collaborative approach between the doctor and the patient to identify areas of concern and the preferred teaching method (Cortellini et al., 2019). By tailoring the education to meet Alma’s preferences, the doctor can deliver the necessary medical information in a way that resonates with her, thereby reducing non-compliance and ultimately enhancing the quality of care and patient outcomes. References Cortellini, S., Favril, C., De Nutte, M., Teughels, W., & Quirynen, M. (2019). Patient compliance as a risk factor for the outcome of implant treatment. Periodontology 2000, 81(1), 209-225. Snider, S. H., Flume, P. A., Gentilin, S. L., Lesch, W. A., Sampson, R. R., & Sonne, S. C. (2020). Overcoming non-compliance with clinical trial registration and results reporting: One Institution’s approach. Contemporary clinical trials communications, 18, 100557. Alternative Expert Answer and Explanation From time to time, while practicing nursing, one may come across patients who refuse to comply with directives. Elderly patients often display stubbornness and hostility toward anyone. An intrusive intervention is required in one of Alma’s cases. She is at once stern and disobedient. However, she could not have wanted to feel that way (Baryakova et al., 2023). To make her more comfortable with the situation and promote her compliance, it might be wise to urge another medical practitioner to offer her an apology first. When the patient’s name was pronounced, and no one responded, I believe the healthcare worker should have questioned the client concerning her identification and whether she was waiting to be attended. Healthcare providers must inquire about the client if they have pronounced their name rightfully or whether that is how they would prefer to be acknowledged to demonstrate dignity and take cognizant of the actuality that not everyone identifies by their correct legal name. Analyzing the communication approach must be the plan’s primary focus to help Alma comply with all procedures and subsequent treatments and interventions. The initial steps include introducing Alma appropriately and explaining the procedure, potential risks, potential benefits, and appropriate follow-up care therapy (Rothenberg, 2003). The healthcare provider may have demonstrated respect for Alma by using her full name and speaking to her in a way appropriate for her advanced age. It is important to establish eye contact and smile while doing the introduction. Providing her with numerous opportunities to address any concerns is also essential. A caretaker, family member, or additional resource person for the client should be there throughout the process to keep them calm and comforted. Lastly, give her printed information she can consult, such as a surgical plan, directions for discharge, and an outline of her prescriptions. The primary objective of client education is to guarantee that Alma is informed about the process, the planned outcomes, and the prescribed drugs to be needed following the therapy. This can be implemented by offering Alma complete details of the procedure and pharmaceuticals from the vantage point of healthcare providers. To convey the details, they must express themselves plainly, gently, and in simple terms. It would also be valuable to let Alma talk to a healthcare professional concerning her concerns. It is imperative to deliver information to her vocally and in writing so she might employ it later (Atolagbe et al., 2023). The healthcare practitioner may want to incorporate visual aids like pictures or illustrations as well as real-world examples to assist Alma in grasping the process and prescription more thoroughly. Furthermore, it is critical to encourage Alma to go over all the directions and details to be positive that she comprehends. References Atolagbe, E. T., Sivanandy, P., & Ingle, P. V. (2023). Effectiveness of educational intervention in improving medication adherence among patients with diabetes in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, 4, 1132489. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1132489/full Baryakova, T. H., Pogostin, B. H., Langer, R., & McHugh, K. J. (2023). Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nature Reviews Drug
[ANSWERED 2023] Mrs. Adams a 68-year-old widow who was referred to case management upon discharge from the hospital based on her physician’s recommendation that she is not able to care for herself independently.
Mrs. Adams a 68-year-old widow who was referred to case management upon discharge Mrs. Adams a 68-year-old widow who was referred to case management upon discharge from the hospital based on her physician’s recommendation that she is not able to care for herself independently. Her diagnosis is diabetes, hypertension, and breast cancer. She is 5 days’ post-op from a right sided mastectomy. Mrs. Adams apartment is located in a low income area of the city where crime is prevalent. Upon assessment by the Community Health Nurse, Mrs. Adams apartment was in disorder with minimal airflow or light. Her cloths appeared unchanged and she had no food in the apartment. The small apartment also housed 3 cats and a small dog who Mrs. Adams considers family since the death of her husband 1 year ago. Mrs. Adams complains of pain and draining from her surgical site and a broken air conditioner. Using Nightingales Environmental Theory, what actions would the nurse take upon the first assessment? What are the five essential components of Nightingales Theory? Prioritize an appropriate care plan for Mrs. Adams? Apply Nightingale’s Environmental Theory to an area of your nursing practice, what patient population would benefit from this approach? Support this practice change with at least one evidenced-based article (this means current EBP of 5 years of less for the article.) The assignment should be completed in APA format, as an essay of between 1000 and 1500 words. The paper should include at least 2 outside references and the textbook. The paper should be in APA format with a title page, level headings, and reference page, please see the Shell that I have included in this module. 1st person is not acceptable in APA papers, make sure to keep this is 3rd person. EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Case Study The plan of the recovery of a chronic patient involves several interventions, with one of the main ones being the configuration of the environment or setting of the patient to make it friendlier. Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, also called ‘The Lady with the Lamp’ from her service during the Crimean war had several views about the implication of sanitation to the nursing field (Idrees & Shah, 2017). Applying her environmental theory in the care of Mrs. Adams, a 68-year-old woman with hypertension, cancer of the breast, and diabetes can guide in the development of the best practice from her situation. Actions the Nurse would take upon the First Assessment Using Nightingale’s Environmental Theory Mrs. Adams is referred to case management upon discharge from hospital, but upon assessment of her living conditions, there are numerous elements that show that her current home is not the ideal place of care. Besides living with four animals, three cats and one dog, Mrs. Adam’s apartment shows that there is minimal light flow, limited food, and the clothes are barely changed. Also, the air conditioner is broken, and the place she lives in is a high crime area. The first action that the nurse in charge would take would be the assessment of the possibility of changing the environment, or her chances of moving to a better place. The following are some of the environmental factors that the nurse would consider as pointed out in the environmental theory by Florence Nightingale. Pure Fresh Air The air that the patient breaths should be made as clean as possible. Stuffy environments increase the chances of chilling, which could limit the chances of recovery. Also, to maintain the right concentrations of oxygen required in the body, the patient would have to ensure that the external environment is completely sanitized (AliSher et al. , 2019). Pure Water Pure water serves almost the same purpose as pure fresh air- making sure that the patient’s circulation is not contaminated with too much concentrations of unwanted substances. Impure water that is used for drinking purposes could lead to the absence of the right elements that would help in proper patient hydration (Mughal & Irshad Ali, 2017). In worse case scenarios, this impure water could lead to the addition of undesired elements to the body of the patient. Effective Drainage Effective drainage in the patient environment helps to ensure that their waste material is removed constantly from their residence. Lack of proper waste removal can lead to the build-up of undesired bacteria that could contribute to patient re-infection. Effective drainage can also help the patient feel more mentally comfortable with their environment. Cleanliness Nursing mainly entails preserving cleanliness of both the patient and their environment. According to the environmental theory, clean environments have a large mental implication to ensuring patient wellness (Couto et al., 2020). Cleanliness also prevents chances of re-infection and re-admissions. Light This is the last factor that should be considered in nursing according to the environmental theory. Direct sunlight has numerous health benefits such as helping in bone growth and development. Lighting up the room of a patient can also increase their mental alertness and wellness. Appropriate Plan of Care for Mrs. Adams In the plan of care for Mrs. Adams, the first step would be making suitable environmental adjustments that would contribute to improving her environment. For the patient to achieve a healing state, the introduction of a healthy environment is paramount. Having four pets could be disadvantageous to her given her economic conditions, as she would probably not be able to feed them well. These pets could roam around the streets and bring her a fourth disease, which would be problematic to her health. The plan of care should therefore include elimination of three of the pets to leave her with possibly a male cat. Also, general cleaning of her environment should be made to ensure that the surroundings are clean and safe for her to live in. In the plan of care, the possibility of moving to a new apartment where lighting, security, and clean water is in plenty should be made. Changing the environment could also help her make new friends and hence contribute to
[ANSWERED 2023] In the Hospital Hope scenario, what do you think was the most important factor that led to the change in practice in the SICU?
In the Hospital Hope scenario, what do you think was the most important factor that led A Culture of Patient Safety Read this article: Sammer, C. & James, B. (2011, September 30). Patient safety culture: The nursing unit leader’s role. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,16(3), Manuscript 3. In the Hospital Hope scenario, what do you think was the most important factor that led to the change in practice in the SICU? If you worked in a facility that needed a practice change, what framework would you use and why? my facility is Acute and long-term rehabilitation Expert Answer and Explanation A Culture of Patient Safety As patient advocates, nurses must ensure that they develop a culture of patient safety when caring for patients in the hospital. Although there have been many improvements done over the years to ensure that the quality of care improves in the hospital setup, there are still an alarming number of avoidable hospital infections and other aspects that compromises patients’ safety in the hospital. Through evidence-based care, several frameworks have been created to improve patients’ experience, reduce their hospital stay and generally improve their health. Some frameworks include building a culture of care and incorporating a patient-centered care system. According to Sammer & James(2011), other factors that can effectively improve patients’ outcomes include leadership, teamwork, and a learning environment. As nurses devote themselves to improved patient care, it is paramount to understand how the factors can affect the wellbeing of patients in their care. Most Important Factor That Led to Change in Practice in SICU Hospital Hope In Hospital Hope, nurses were frustrated that most of their patients suffered from hospital-acquired infections and had a high mortality rate (Sammer & James, 2011). Therefore, they vowed to change their practice mode to improve the patients’ experience. The most important factor that led to change in practice is the change of culture. It was clear that the culture in the hospital was not supportive of patient-centered care, making it necessary for a different framework to be enacted. By identifying that the culture was inappropriate for patient care, the hospital’s leadership was able to ensure that there were positive changes that eventually improved the patients’ outcomes. As a center of patient excellence the hospital leaders felt that they need to research more on the causes of hospital infections and come up with an issue that would reduce their occurrence. Through good leadership, it was clear that the hospital was able to identify several factors affecting patients’ wellness; therefore, to improve the culture, they must be addressed. The leaders were not only ready to accept their responsibility in the current situation but were also focused on positively ensuring their followers as they sought to improve the patient’s experience in the hospital (Braithwaite et al. 2017). By developing this culture, it was clear that the nurses enjoyed their leaders’ support throughout the process, evidenced by their ability to talk about their mistakes and work on finding a solution. The framework of cultural change also incorporates the use of the evidence-based practice. Notably, in contemporary society, medical practitioners are more drawn to evidence-based practice as it involves current tested methods of improved care. The nurse manager researched evidence-based practice and came across a comprehensive Unit-Based Patient Safety Program (CUSP), which was integral in ensuring patients’ safety in the hospital. Following the framework, the nurse manager became more aware of what needs to be done to reduce hospital infections. By focusing on cultural change, the hospital encouraged learning in the hospital. It is clear that after the leaders discovered that some of the nurses had experience and were studying what they were currently affecting them, they could be integral to enhancing the needed change in the system. Therefore, they asked them to make reports on the progress, which increasingly showed what was wrong in the system, giving them a chance to improve on their experience. Moreover, the nursing manager went ahead and challenged some of the nurses to research the current operations of the hospital and how they can be improved, and this offered a wide perspective of care and encouraged learning amongst the nurses. Moreover, it encouraged the nurses’ to participate in decision-making as their opinions were welcome and valid. It is also clear that the culture adopted focused on fostering teamwork in the nursing team. According to Sammer & James (2011), the nurses were able to support each other by enhancing transparency in the department. They were all encouraged to report their performance even though it appeared that it would report negatively on their work. Additionally, they increased their cooperation as they communicated effectively and updated each other well during the end of their shifts. As a result, there was no gap in patient care, which improved the patients’ recovery time (Mannion & Davies, 2018). It is also notable that communication among the nurses greatly improved as the nurses were able to consider the input of both patients and other stakeholders in providing the care needed in the hospital ad encouraging transparency. Through the change of culture, it became possible to improve patients’ outcomes and the quality of work life. Practice Change Framework To Use In My Facility I have been working in an acute and long-term rehabilitation facility, and while the performance has been admirable over the years, I still believe there is much room for improvement. The facility focuses on rehabilitating patients who have suffered from traumatic injuries that have affected their ability to lead a normal life (Santana et al. 2018). Notably, patients are not only physically stressed but also emotionally vulnerable, especially if they suddenly become dependent on others’ help after leading a life of independence. As a result, some might be stubborn and refuse help, delaying their recovery. By changing the current framework, which focuses on excellence, it will be possible to understand further and support patients, improving the care outcome. The best framework to incorporate is the patient-centered framework which focuses on working
[2023] Identify and explain the key principles of a (one) leadership style that you aspire to follow and justify how it aligns with your professional philosophy on leadership in the early childhood
Identify and explain the key principles of a (one) leadership style that you aspire to follow TCHR3004 Leadership and advocacy in Early childhood Assessment 1: Report APA Style 7 SCU Library referencing guides 50% Via the Turnitin link on the Assessment and Submission section on the unit site. You will demonstrate the following Unit Learning Outcomes on the successful completion of this task: Demonstrate knowledge of the key principles of leadership and management in practice in early childhood education and care services and settings underpinned by theoretical and practical perspectives on administration, management and Demonstrate an understanding of how to build supportive and collaborative environments for children, parents, community and Critically reflect on the role that advocacy plays in early childhood education (locally, nationally and internationally) and identify the skills that a strong advocate for the ECEC profession should Critically analyse and understand the role of the educational leader: including relationships, responsibilities, expectations, ethical practice and transition to an educational leader. For this assessment, you are required to write a report of 1500 words. The report can include tables, charts, figures, and/or graphs to illustrate your findings where necessary. Rationale As an early childhood educator, it is important you have an understanding about leadership and your role as a leader. Task Instructions Write a report that responds to the following three tasks. Identify and explain the key principles of a (one) leadership style that you aspire to follow and justify how it aligns with your professional philosophy on leadership in the early childhood Demonstrate your knowledge of the theoretical underpinnings of this leadership Critically review how this leadership style influences management in an early childhood setting in relation to children, families and staff The report must include: A brief introduction of no more than 100 words outlining the purpose and content if the A body of no more than 1320 words and broken into sections with short, appropriate headings (based upon the 3 tasks listed above). A conclusion of no more than 80 words, highlighting the key A reference list that includes all sources of information Referencing Style Referencing should conform to the APA 7th style. It is recommended that you refer to the referencing guide available through the SCU library. Task Submission Report should be submitted using the Turnitin submission link titled “Assessment 1: Report” in the Assessments Tasks & Submission section on the Blackboard TCHR3004 site. Only a word document submitted via the Turnitin portal on Blackboard will be accepted. You must label your submission with your surname and initials and the assessment task’s name, e.g: “JonesA_report.docx” Special Consideration As per Southern Cross University policy: Students wishing to request special consideration to extend the due date of an assessment task must submit a Request for Special Consideration form via their MyEnrolment page as early as possible and prior to the original due date for that assessment task, along with any accompanying documents, such as medical certificates. Late Submissions & Penalties As per Southern Cross University policy, except when special consideration is awarded, late submission of assessment tasks will lead automatically to the imposition of a penalty. Penalties will be incurred as soon as the deadline is reached. a penalty of 5% of the available marks will be deducted from the actual mark at one minute after the time listed in the due date a further penalty of 5% of the available mark will be deducted from the actual mark achieved on each subsequent calendar day until the mark reaches ” If student upload their paper to the incorrect submission point g. Draft Checker and NOT the assessment submission point – academic penalty will be applied. If students upload their draft paper to the final submission point – this paper will be accepted as the final paper and marked. Assessment Rubric Marking Criteria and % allocation High Distinction+ 100% High Distinction (85-99%) Distinction (75-84%) Credit (65-74%) Identification and Achieves all the Outstanding Identification and Identification and explanation of the key criteria for a high identification and explanation of the explanation of the principles of a distinction to an explanation of the key principles of a key principles of a leadership style that exemplary key principles of a leadership style that leadership style that you aspire to follow standard, without leadership style you aspire to follow you aspire to follow 20% any errors. that you aspire to follow is articulated very well. is articulated clearly. Justification for how Achieves all the Outstanding Justification for how Justification for how this leadership style criteria for a high justification for how this leadership style this leadership style aligns with your distinction to an this leadership style aligns with your aligns with your professional philosophy exemplary aligns with your professional professional on leadership in the EC standard, without professional philosophy on philosophy on setting 20% any errors. philosophy on leadership in the EC leadership in the EC setting has been leadership in the EC setting has been setting articulated very well. articulated clearly. Knowledge of the Achieves all the Outstanding Knowledge of the Knowledge of the theoretical criteria for a high demonstration of theoretical theoretical underpinnings of this distinction to an knowledge of the underpinnings of this underpinnings of this leadership style exemplary theoretical leadership style has leadership style has 20% standard, without underpinnings of been clearly been clearly any errors. this leadership style. identified and articulated very well. identified. Critical review how this Achieves all the Outstanding critical Critical review of Critical review of leadership style criteria for a high review of how this how this leadership how this leadership influences management distinction to an leadership style leadership style leadership style in an early childhood exemplary influences influences influences setting in relation to standard, without management in an management in an management in an children, families and staff. 20% any errors. early childhood setting in relation early childhood setting in relation to children, families early childhood setting in relation to children, families Pass (50-64%) Fail (1-49%) Absent Fail (0%) Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
[SOLVED 2023] Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association
Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association Describe the differences between a board of nursing Nursing is a very highly regulated profession. There are over 100 boards of nursing and national nursing associations throughout the United States and its territories. Their existence helps regulate, inform, and promote the nursing profession. With such numbers, it can be difficult to distinguish between BONs and nursing associations, and overwhelming to consider various benefits and options offered by each. Both boards of nursing and national nursing associations have significant impacts on the nurse practitioner profession and scope of practice. Understanding these differences helps lend credence to your expertise as a professional. In this Assignment, you will practice the application of such expertise by communicating a comparison of boards of nursing and professional nurse associations. You will also share an analysis of your state board of nursing. To Prepare: Assume that you are leading a staff development meeting on regulation for nursing practice at your healthcare organization or agency. Review the NCSBN and ANA websites to prepare for your presentation. The Assignment: (9- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation) Develop a 9- to 10-slide PowerPoint Presentation that addresses the following: Describe the differences between a board of nursing and a professional nurse association. Describe the geographic distribution, academic credentials, practice positions, and licensure status of members of the board for your specific region/area. Who is on the board? How does one become a member of the board? Describe at least one federal regulation for healthcare. How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare (e.g., CMS, OSHA, and EPA)? Has there been any change to the regulation within the past 5 years? Explain. Describe at least one state regulation related to general nurse scope of practice. How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Describe at least one state regulation related to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). How does this regulation influence the nurse’s role? How does this regulation influence delivery, cost, and access to healthcare? Required Referances Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Chapter 4, “Government Response: Regulation” (pp. 57–84) American Nurses Association. (n.d.). ANA enterprise. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://www.nursingworld.org Bosse, J., Simmonds, K., Hanson, C., Pulcini, J., Dunphy, L., Vanhook, P., & Poghosyan, L. (2017). Position statement: Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses is necessary to transform primary care. Nursing Outlook, 65(6), 761–765. Halm, M. A. (2018). Evaluating the impact of EBP education: Development of a modified Fresno test for acute care nursing. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(4), 272–280. doi:10.1111/wvn.12291 National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). (n.d.). Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.ncsbn.org/index.htm Neff, D. F., Yoon, S. H., Steiner, R. L., Bumbach, M. D., Everhart, D., & Harman J. S. (2018). The impact of nurse practitioner regulations on population access to care. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 379–385. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.001 EXPERT ANSWER AND EXPLANATION Understanding regulation of nursing profession is important given the nature of the field. There are different organizations which participate in regulating and advancing the nursing practice, knowing each of the organizations and their roles is important. In the US, there are over 100 boards of nursing (BONs) and professional nursing associations. Understanding their roles will help nurses enjoy the full benefits offered by the organizations. The purpose of this presentation is to provide details on how the nursing practice is regulated and the roles of both BONs and professional nursing associations in regulating and advancing the nursing practice. With the vast number of both board of nursing (BONs) and nursing associations, one can get confused about their respective roles in governing nursing practice. Both of these organizations have clear differences in terms of their mandate which are outlined as follows. Board of Nursing BONs are responsible for regulating nursing practice and protecting the public from unqualified or rogue nurses and ensuring that licensed nurses provide safe and competent care. BONs also do not participate in legislation making including lobbying , instead they only implement the formulated legislation as pertains to nursing practice. BONs are government entities formed by the different state governments and one national board having membership picked from the other state BONs (59 state BONs and one national), Professional Nurse Associations Nursing associations are responsible for advocating for nurses interests and advancing the nursing profession (Benton et al., 2017). Nursing association play an active role in representing their members in legislative process, including lobbying political players to support the interests of the nurses and the nursing practice (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nursing associations are private entities with membership requiring annual subscriptions. The Mississippi board of nursing, currently headed by Alton Shaw (FNP), is a thirteen member board comprising of 2 nurse educators, 3 registered nurses in clinical practice, two of which should have as basic nursing preparation an associate degree or diploma and 1 to have at least baccalaureate nursing degree. Another board member is 1 registered nurse at large,1 Registered nursing practitioner, 4 licensed practical nurse, 1 licensed physician who shall always be a member of the State Board of Medical Licensure, 1 representative of consumers of health services The membership should come from each congressional districts in the State of Mississippi. These rules are as outline in the Mississippi Nursing Practice Act amended in 2016. According to the Mississippi Nurse and practice Act, under the establishment of the board guidelines, for one to become a board member in the Mississippi Board of Nursing, other than the member from the State Board of Medical Licensure have to be appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the senate. The list of nominees forwarded to the governor for consideration are usually submitted by the relevant nursing associations in Mississippi with each slot in list containing three names for consideration. If such a list is not submitted to the governor, then he/she can make the appointments without nomination The term for members in
[ANSWERED 2023] In a 500-750-word paper examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following
In a 500-750-word paper examine the needs of a school-aged child The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following: Describe the different physical characteristics/findings within the school-aged child. Explain how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of this child. Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age. Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment. You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation Developmental Assessment and the School Aged Child Among the common health needs of school going children is the emotional and social well-being. School-aged children are roughly between 4 years for those going to kindergarten, to 11 years (Kim, 2019). During their physical assessment, the elements that are examined in them include their emotions, their social skills, their academic performance, and their physical health. Since it is not possible to interview them about some of the sensitive or detailed aspects of their health such as their allergies, assessing their past health history is always a solution to providing physical assessments of this population (Kim, 2019). Also, the needs of children tend to differ with age. This essay entails a close assessment of a 6 year old child, assessing their development using Erickson’s development theory. Comparison of Physical Assessment and How to Modify Assessment Techniques to Match Age In the examination of a child, there is need for the presence of a guardian who would be used to give some of the health information. That is, the interview would be partly directed to the guardian and partly to the child. Among some of the assessments include whether or not the child has had past surgeries, whether the child has ongoing illnesses or whether they have existing illnesses. If the child has existing health conditions, the assessment would check the nature of these conditions, whether they are acute or chronic, and also assess the kind of medications that the child is taking. In some of the cases of illnesses, children are exposed to drugs that have numerous side effects that deteriorate the already failing state of the child. Also, the assessment would check some of the family characteristics that would prompt the child to be more exposed to disease. For example, it would be prudent to check whether there are some family members who are smokers, as this is a habit that potentially affects the child. Also, in the assessment, the examiner would ask whether or not there has been recent loss of a loved one in the family, as this is another element that would affect the psychological well-being of the family. Assessing the type of friends that the child has could also be a plus in the assessment, to see whether or not the child is a victim of negative social behaviors such as bullying. Developmental Stages at Six Years Six-Year old children have a large growth in their cognitive selves, and they are also socially active. The child also has emotions that pull them to be attracted to the friends who seem to be having ‘fun’ or enjoying life. Thrane et al. (2016) explains that the age of six also entails the presence of children who generally abide by the rules, and do not show resistance. Most importantly, these children are more attached to their guardians, and they tend to trust them more than any other individuals they come across. For those who have attended one school for a long period of time, they also develop a strong sense of respect for their teachers, such that they have to consult them before they do anything. Speech-wise, a child at six years speaks clearly, and can tell stories using few complete sentences unlike one or two years earlier where they used phrases and words to communicate (Singh et al., 2016). The problem-solving skills as well as the motor capacity improve greatly at six years. They become more aware of the environment and can distinguish dangerous animals from those that are harmless. When asked to jump on one foot, children at six can do it for more than ten seconds. They also tend to run around while playing. Assessment of the Child using Erickson’s Developmental Stages How I would Developmentally Assess the Child Eric Erickson’s theory of development explains that children encounter distinct developmental stages from birth to maturity or to the age of independence. For a six-year old, they are in the initiative vs. guilt stage, in which they would at least initiate some of the responsibilities in simple things such as games (Cherry, 2018). Therefore, the best technique of assessing the child at this stage is giving them simple roles and testing their delivery. Strategies to Gain Cooperation in the Assessment Promising rewards is the surest way of gaining cooperation in the child. While some individuals may view it as a negative technique of ‘bribing’ the child, it would help them