Advanced registered nurses work in highly collaborative environments and must collaborate with interdisciplinary teams in order to provide excellent patient care
Nursing Roles Graphic Organizer Example
Advanced registered nurses work in highly collaborative environments and must collaborate with interdisciplinary teams in order to provide excellent patient care. Besides knowing the role and scope of one’s own practice, it is essential to understand the role and scope of other nurse specialties to ensure effective collaboration among nurses, the organization, and other professionals with whom advanced registered nurses regularly interact.
Use the “Nursing Roles Graphic Organizer Template” to differentiate how advanced registered nurse roles relate to and collaborate with different areas of nursing practice. Compare your future role with one of the following: nurse educator; nurse leader; family nurse practitioner; acute care nurse practitioner; graduate nurse with an emphasis/specialty in public health, health care administration, business, or informatics; clinical nurse specialist; doctor of nursing practice. Indicate in the appropriate columns on the template which roles you are comparing.
Make sure to compare the following areas of practice in your graphic organizer:
- Ethics
- Education
- Leadership
- Public Health
- Health Care Administration
- Informatics
- Business/Finance
- Specialty (e.g., Family, Acute Care)
Include any regulatory bodies or certification agencies that provide guidance or parameters on how these roles incorporate concepts into practice.
You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. Ensure that the country in the source is relevant to your paper. Sources cited should be generalizable to the population being studied or discussed.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
Nursing Roles Graphic Organizer Example
Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) | Nurse Educator | Observations (Similarities/Differences) | |
Ethics | FNPs prioritize ethical principles that center on patient autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence, particularly when dealing with complex care decisions such as chronic disease management and medication adherence (Schlunegger et al., 2023). They frequently face ethical dilemmas related to balancing patient preferences with evidence-based treatment recommendations. Nurse Educators, on the other hand, uphold ethics in academic and professional contexts (Schlunegger et al., 2023). They are tasked with ensuring fairness, promoting academic integrity, and preparing students to practice ethically in diverse clinical settings. | Nurse Educators focus on academic integrity, fairness, and fostering ethical behaviors among students. They are responsible for creating an environment where students can thrive both academically and professionally, emphasizing the importance of honesty and transparency (Bourne et al., 2021). Their ethical responsibilities also extend to ensuring the curriculum aligns with accreditation standards and promotes equity, ensuring all students, regardless of background, have access to quality education and resources to succeed in their studies and future nursing careers. | FNPs focus on patient-centered care ethics, while Nurse Educators emphasize academic and equity-based ethics. |
Education | FNPs undergo rigorous academic and clinical preparation, requiring a master’s or doctoral degree in nursing. Their education focuses heavily on clinical skills, advanced pharmacology, pathophysiology, and patient care across the lifespan. They must also complete at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice to meet certification standards (Schlunegger et al., 2023). Conversely, Nurse Educators focus on developing competencies in teaching strategies, curriculum design, and assessment methodologies. | Nurse Educators need advanced degrees in nursing education or a related field, emphasizing teaching methodologies, curriculum development, and assessment strategies (Bourne et al., 2021). This advanced education equips Nurse Educators with the tools necessary to design effective educational programs that cater to the evolving needs of nursing students. Certification options include the NLN’s Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) credential, which validates the educator’s proficiency in nursing education and enhances their credibility in academic settings. | FNPs require extensive clinical training; Nurse Educators focus on pedagogical expertise. |
Leadership | Both FNPs and Nurse Educators exhibit leadership, albeit in different domains. FNPs often serve as clinical leaders by coordinating patient care, collaborating with interdisciplinary teams, and advocating for healthcare policies that improve patient outcomes (Schlunegger et al., 2023). They also take on leadership roles in implementing practice improvements within healthcare settings. Nurse Educators, in contrast, lead by mentoring students, influencing curriculum development, and participating in academic governance. | Nurse Educators lead in academic settings by mentoring students, developing innovative teaching methods, and influencing nursing education policies. Their leadership extends beyond classroom teaching, as they guide the next generation of nurses, ensuring they develop not only clinical expertise but also the professional behaviors necessary for success (Bourne et al., 2021). Additionally, they have a voice in shaping educational policies that directly impact the quality and accessibility of nursing education. | Both roles exhibit leadership but in distinct settings: clinical for FNPs and academic for Nurse Educators. |
Public Health | FNPs directly engage with public health by delivering primary care services, managing chronic illnesses, and promoting preventive care in underserved populations. They address social determinants of health and advocate for equitable access to care (Schlunegger et al., 2023). Nurse Educators, while not directly involved in patient care, contribute to public health indirectly by training nurses who will enter various specialties. | Nurse Educators contribute indirectly to public health by training future nurses to provide competent and culturally sensitive care (Bourne et al., 2021). They teach students to be aware of the diverse needs of patient populations and to adapt their care based on cultural, social, and environmental factors. | FNPs directly engage in patient-centered public health, while Nurse Educators train future public health providers. |
Health Care Administration | FNPs collaborate with healthcare administrators to develop and implement care delivery models that improve efficiency and quality of care (Melo et al., 2023). They often play a role in decision-making processes related to patient care standards and quality improvement initiatives. Nurse Educators, on the other hand, take on administrative responsibilities within academic settings. | Nurse Educators may engage in administrative roles related to curriculum management, accreditation processes, and departmental leadership (Robichaux et al., 2022). In these roles, they help ensure that nursing programs remain up to date, relevant, and in compliance with national standards. | FNPs collaborate on patient care models; Nurse Educators manage academic programs and resources. |
Informatics | FNPs leverage informatics tools like electronic health records (EHRs), clinical decision support systems, and data analytics to enhance patient care. These tools allow them to monitor patient outcomes, streamline workflows, and make evidence-based decisions (Melo et al., 2023). Nurse Educators integrate informatics into the academic environment, utilizing online learning platforms, virtual simulations, and data-driven assessments to enhance the learning experience. | Nurse Educators integrate informatics into teaching, utilizing simulation technology and online platforms to enhance student learning (Robichaux et al., 2022). These tools allow for interactive, hands-on experiences that better prepare students for real-world clinical situations. | Both roles integrate informatics, but FNPs apply it to patient care, and Nurse Educators use it for teaching. |
Business/Finance | FNPs are actively involved in ensuring the cost-effectiveness of care. They navigate reimbursement systems, optimize treatment plans to reduce unnecessary expenses, and advocate for healthcare policies that address financial barriers to care (Melo et al., 2023). Nurse Educators handle the financial aspects of academic program management, such as budget planning, resource allocation for teaching tools, and securing funding for innovative educational initiatives. | Nurse Educators handle budget planning for academic programs and resource allocation for simulation labs and teaching tools (Robichaux et al., 2022). Effective financial management is essential to ensure that the necessary resources, such as up-to-date equipment and teaching aids, are available for student use. | FNPs focus on cost-effective care, while Nurse Educators manage educational budgets. |
Specialty (e.g., Family, Acute Care) | FNPs specialize in providing primary care across the lifespan, addressing both acute and chronic conditions. Their broad scope of practice allows them to manage diverse patient populations, from pediatrics to geriatrics (Melo et al., 2023). Nurse Educators, by contrast, specialize in preparing nursing students for clinical practice. | Nurse Educators specialize in developing future nursing professionals, focusing on academic success and preparing students for diverse clinical roles (Robichaux et al., 2022). Their role extends beyond teaching clinical skills, as they aim to cultivate critical thinking, leadership, and ethical decision-making abilities in their students. | FNPs specialize in clinical primary care; Nurse Educators specialize in preparing future nurses. |
Regulatory Bodies or Certification Agencies That Provide Guidance or Parameters on How These Roles Incorporate Concepts Into Practice | FNPs are governed by organizations such as the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), which establish certification and licensure standards. These bodies ensure that FNPs meet rigorous educational and clinical criteria. Nurse Educators are guided by the National League for Nursing (NLN) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), which provide standards for nursing education and certification, such as the Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) credential (Melo et al., 2023). | The National League for Nursing (NLN) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) provide guidelines for Nurse Educators regarding curriculum standards and certification. These organizations ensure that Nurse Educators have access to the latest research and best practices in nursing education (Robichaux et al., 2022). Adhering to these guidelines helps maintain the quality of nursing education and ensures that educators remain well-equipped to meet the demands of the profession. | FNPs are guided by ANCC and AANP, while Nurse Educators follow NLN and AACN standards. |
References
Bourne, M. J., Smeltzer, S. C., & Kelly, M. M. (2021). Clinical teacher self-efficacy: A concept analysis. Nurse education in practice, 52, 103029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103029
Melo, M. D. M., Silva, I. P. D., Freitas, L. S., Mesquita, S. K. D. C., Sonenberg, A., & Costa, I. K. F. (2023). Family Nurse Practitioners: an exploratory study. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 57, e20220362. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0362en
Robichaux, C., Grace, P., Bartlett, J., Stokes, F., Saulo Lewis, M., & Turner, M. (2022). Ethics education for nurses: foundations for an integrated curriculum. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(3), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20220109-02
Schlunegger, M. C., Aeschlimann, S., Palm, R., & Zumstein‐Shaha, M. (2023). Competencies of nurse practitioners in family practices: A scoping review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32(11-12), 2521-2532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16382
Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon Code: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order
Frequently Asked Questions
What is an example of interdisciplinary collaboration in nursing?
One of the most recognizable examples of modern-day interprofessionalism is "multidisciplinary rounds," when a team of nurses, doctors, pharmacists, physical therapists, and social workers meet to discuss and develop patient care together. Another example of interdisciplinary collaboration is accountable care organizations that mandate interdisciplinary relationships in the form of teams consisting of a primary care physician, nursing staff, and specialists who care for patients.
How do nurses collaborate with interdisciplinary teams?
For nurses, that means working with professionals who play an important role in patients' lives, such as doctors, pharmacists, social workers, healthcare workers, dietitians, psychologists, and other caregivers. Nurses plan and participate in interdisciplinary care conferences; assign, delegate, and supervise nursing team members; educate clients and staff; act as client advocates; make client referrals; ensure continuity of care; and contribute to the evaluation of client outcomes.
What are the roles for an advanced practice nurse in nursing research?
These nurses are expected to integrate research and education with practice and management. They also have an opportunity to work in research, education, administration, and policy development. Advanced practice nurses contribute to evidence-based practice by conducting research studies, implementing research findings into clinical practice, and participating in quality improvement initiatives that advance nursing science.
What is the role of the nurse in the coordination and continuum of care?
Nurses serve as key coordinators in healthcare delivery by ensuring seamless transitions between care settings, facilitating communication among healthcare team members, and maintaining continuity of patient care plans. They assess patient needs across the care continuum, coordinate discharge planning, make appropriate referrals to other healthcare professionals, and follow up on patient outcomes to ensure comprehensive care delivery from admission through recovery.
What is the work environment for a registered nurse?
Nursing employment opportunities are prevalent in a variety of settings that include fast-paced work environments, clinical positions, and non-clinical roles. At nursing homes, RNs look after elderly patients who may need help with hygiene and eating and/or are suffering from chronic conditions. Private practices: In doctor's offices, nurses perform outpatient work (usually) on a 9-5 schedule. RNs work in hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, home healthcare, and community health centers, with work schedules varying from traditional business hours to 12-hour shifts including nights, weekends, and holidays.
How Nurses Collaborate with Interdisciplinary Teams for Effective Healthcare Teamwork
Introduction
In today’s complex healthcare landscape, the days of isolated medical practice are long gone. Healthcare professionals such as doctors and nurses are increasingly encouraged to work together in delivering care for patients, recognizing that effective interdisciplinary collaboration is fundamental to quality patient outcomes (Tandhealthcare.com, 2019). As healthcare becomes more interconnected, coordinating care between nurses, pharmacists, physicians, social workers, and other disciplines has become increasingly important for delivering comprehensive, patient-centered care.
The significance of nurse collaboration within interdisciplinary teams cannot be overstated. With over 5.6 million active registered nurse licenses in the United States as of 2024, nurses represent the largest segment of the healthcare workforce and serve as critical coordinators within interdisciplinary healthcare teams (ScienceDirect, 2025). Understanding how nurses collaborate with interdisciplinary teams is essential for healthcare professionals, administrators, and students seeking to improve patient care quality and safety.
Understanding Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Healthcare
What is Interdisciplinary Collaboration?
Interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare refers to the practice of approaching patient care from a team-based perspective, with a team comprised of multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds. This collaborative approach ensures that patients receive comprehensive care that addresses all aspects of their health and well-being, from medical treatment to psychosocial support.
Research has consistently demonstrated that medical care based on interdisciplinary cooperation is associated with increased patient safety, lower hospitalization rates, and reduced rates of complications and medical errors. Furthermore, effective collaboration enhances care coordination and improves patient access to medical services across the healthcare continuum.
The Evolution of Interdisciplinary Care
The shift toward interdisciplinary care has been driven by several factors, including the increasing complexity of medical conditions, the need for specialized expertise, and growing recognition that collaboration has become an essential competency in the national and global plan for quality improvement. Healthcare systems worldwide are working to transform cultures of avoidance and isolation that continue to cause medical errors and suboptimal patient outcomes.
The Critical Role of Nurses in Interdisciplinary Teams
Nurses as Care Coordinators
Nurses occupy a unique position within interdisciplinary healthcare teams, often serving as the primary coordinators of patient care. Their role extends far beyond traditional bedside care to encompass comprehensive care management, patient advocacy, and team leadership. Nurses are typically the healthcare professionals who spend the most time with patients, making them ideally positioned to identify changes in patient conditions and coordinate appropriate interventions.
Recent research has revealed compelling evidence about the impact of nursing leadership in interdisciplinary settings. Findings indicated strong positive correlations between interdisciplinary collaboration practices and patient safety (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) and care quality (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), demonstrating the measurable benefits of effective nurse-led collaboration initiatives.
Core Nursing Responsibilities in Interdisciplinary Teams
Nurses’ responsibilities within interdisciplinary teams are multifaceted and include:
Care Planning and Coordination: Nurses plan and participate in interdisciplinary care conferences, where team members from various disciplines come together to develop comprehensive care plans. These conferences ensure that all aspects of patient care are addressed and that interventions are coordinated across disciplines.
Delegation and Supervision: Experienced nurses assign, delegate, and supervise nursing team members while collaborating with other healthcare professionals to ensure optimal patient outcomes. This responsibility requires strong leadership skills and the ability to work effectively within hierarchical and lateral team structures.
Patient and Staff Education: Nurses serve as educators for both patients and other team members, sharing their clinical expertise and ensuring that all team members understand their roles in patient care. This educational role is crucial for maintaining team cohesion and ensuring consistent care delivery.
Advocacy and Communication: Nurses act as patient advocates within the interdisciplinary team, ensuring that patient needs and preferences are communicated effectively to all team members. They serve as crucial communication links between patients, families, and other healthcare professionals.
Examples of Effective Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Hospital-Based Interdisciplinary Teams
In hospital settings, interdisciplinary teams typically include nurses, physicians, pharmacists, social workers, physical therapists, occupational therapists, dietitians, and other specialists as needed. For example, a patient recovering from a stroke might work with a team that includes neurologists, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and social workers. The nurse coordinates care by monitoring the patient’s progress, communicating changes to team members, and ensuring that therapy schedules are integrated with medical treatments.
Accountable Care Organizations
The review showed consistent relationships with accountable care organization implementation and outcomes for all providers in terms of a decline of inpatient use, a decline in emergency room visits, and improved quality measures for preventive care and chronic disease management. These organizations mandate interdisciplinary relationships in the form of teams that work together to provide coordinated care across the healthcare continuum.
Chronic Disease Management Teams
Interdisciplinary teams are particularly effective in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Research demonstrates that effective interprofessional collaboration reported favorable outcomes, such as increased quality of care, better care continuity, improved patient satisfaction, team functioning, and job satisfaction among healthcare professionals.
Strategies for Effective Interdisciplinary Team Nursing
Communication Excellence
Effective communication is the cornerstone of successful interdisciplinary collaboration. Working within a team requires strong communication skills, decision-making skills, and conflict resolution skills. Nurses must be able to communicate clearly and concisely with team members from various professional backgrounds, each with their own terminology and perspectives.
Key communication strategies include:
- Active Listening: Truly hearing and understanding the perspectives of other team members
- Clear Documentation: Maintaining accurate and comprehensive patient records that all team members can access and understand
- Regular Team Meetings: Participating in scheduled interdisciplinary rounds and care conferences
- Technology Utilization: Leveraging electronic health records and communication platforms to facilitate real-time information sharing
Establishing Shared Goals and Responsibilities
Successful interdisciplinary collaboration requires establishing clear goals and an understanding of shared roles and responsibilities. Team members must participate in joint assessment, diagnosis, and goal setting to ensure that everyone is working toward the same objectives. This collaborative approach helps prevent duplication of efforts and ensures that all aspects of patient care are addressed.
Conflict Resolution and Team Dynamics
Interdisciplinary teams inevitably face conflicts due to differing professional perspectives, competing priorities, and resource constraints. Nurses play a crucial role in facilitating conflict resolution and maintaining positive team dynamics. This involves:
- Recognizing and addressing conflicts early before they escalate
- Facilitating open dialogue between team members
- Focusing on patient-centered solutions rather than professional territories
- Encouraging mutual respect among team members from different disciplines
Benefits of Interdisciplinary Teams in Healthcare
Improved Patient Outcomes
The evidence supporting the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration is overwhelming. Improved health care collaboration has been shown to improve patient outcomes such as reducing preventable adverse drug reactions, decreasing morbidity and mortality rates and optimizing medication dosages. These improvements directly translate to better patient experiences and reduced healthcare costs.
Enhanced Professional Satisfaction
Research indicates that interdisciplinary collaboration benefits not only patients but also healthcare professionals. Teams that work effectively together report higher job satisfaction, reduced burnout, and improved professional development opportunities. Nurses, in particular, benefit from the opportunity to expand their knowledge and skills through interaction with specialists from other disciplines.
Operational Efficiency
Interdisciplinary teams contribute to improved operational efficiency by reducing redundant services, streamlining care processes, and minimizing communication errors. This efficiency translates to cost savings for healthcare organizations and shorter lengths of stay for patients.
Challenges and Solutions in Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Common Barriers
Despite the clear benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration, several barriers can impede effective teamwork:
Professional Hierarchies: Traditional healthcare hierarchies can create communication barriers and limit participation from all team members.
Time Constraints: Busy clinical schedules can make it difficult to coordinate team meetings and collaborative care planning.
Resource Limitations: Limited staffing and financial resources can strain interdisciplinary team initiatives.
Technology Barriers: Inadequate information systems can hinder communication and coordination among team members.
Innovative Solutions
Healthcare organizations are implementing various strategies to overcome these barriers:
Structured Communication Protocols: Implementing standardized communication tools such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) to facilitate clear, concise communication among team members.
Technology Integration: Leveraging electronic health records, mobile communication platforms, and telehealth technologies to improve coordination and reduce time barriers.
Professional Development: Providing ongoing education and training in team collaboration skills, conflict resolution, and interprofessional communication.
Leadership Support: Ensuring that organizational leadership actively supports and resources interdisciplinary collaboration initiatives.
Preparing Nurses for Interdisciplinary Team Work
Educational Foundations
Modern nursing education increasingly emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration as a core competency. Nursing programs incorporate team-based learning experiences, simulation exercises, and clinical rotations that expose students to interdisciplinary team environments. This preparation involves partnering with various members of the healthcare team to make decisions about patient treatments and care plans.
Continuing Professional Development
Practicing nurses can enhance their collaboration skills through:
- Interprofessional education programs that bring together professionals from multiple disciplines
- Leadership development opportunities that build skills in team coordination and conflict resolution
- Specialty certifications that demonstrate expertise in collaborative care models
- Mentorship programs that pair experienced collaborative leaders with developing nurses
Essential Competencies
Nurses working in interdisciplinary teams must develop several key competencies:
Clinical Expertise: Deep knowledge of nursing science and clinical practice to contribute meaningfully to team discussions and decision-making.
Communication Skills: Ability to communicate effectively with professionals from various backgrounds and education levels.
Leadership Abilities: Skills in delegation, coordination, and team motivation to facilitate effective collaboration.
Cultural Competence: Understanding of how different professional cultures and perspectives contribute to patient care.
Adaptability: Flexibility to adjust to changing team compositions and care requirements.
The Future of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Nursing
Emerging Trends
The landscape of interdisciplinary collaboration continues to evolve, driven by technological advances, changing patient demographics, and healthcare policy reforms. Key trends shaping the future include:
Telehealth Integration: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth technologies, creating new opportunities for remote interdisciplinary collaboration. The Covid-19 pandemic has served to both strain and strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration between ICU nurses and resident physicians, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of healthcare teams.
Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics: AI tools are being developed to support interdisciplinary decision-making by providing real-time analysis of patient data and evidence-based treatment recommendations.
Patient-Centered Care Models: Growing emphasis on patient and family engagement in care planning is expanding interdisciplinary teams to include patients and their families as active participants.
Implications for Nursing Practice
These trends have significant implications for nursing practice and education. Nurses must be prepared to work in increasingly complex team environments while maintaining their focus on patient-centered care. This requires ongoing professional development and adaptation to new technologies and care models.
Conclusion
The collaboration between nurses and interdisciplinary teams represents a fundamental shift in healthcare delivery toward more coordinated, comprehensive, and effective patient care. The evidence clearly demonstrates that effective interdisciplinary collaboration leads to improved patient outcomes, enhanced professional satisfaction, and greater operational efficiency.
As healthcare continues to evolve, nurses will play an increasingly important role in leading and coordinating interdisciplinary teams. Success in this role requires strong communication skills, clinical expertise, leadership abilities, and a commitment to collaborative care principles. Healthcare organizations must support these efforts by providing the resources, training, and organizational culture necessary for effective teamwork.
The future of healthcare depends on our ability to work together across professional boundaries to deliver the highest quality care to patients and families. By understanding and implementing effective strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration, nurses can continue to lead the transformation of healthcare delivery and improve outcomes for all patients.
Through effective communication, shared objectives, delegation, empowerment, and continuous development, nurses can foster collaborative and supportive team environments that benefit patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizations alike. The investment in interdisciplinary collaboration is not just an investment in better patient care—it is an investment in the future of healthcare itself.
References
Johnson & Johnson Nursing. (2025, April 9). The importance of interprofessional collaboration in healthcare. Johnson & Johnson Nursing. https://nursing.jnj.com/getting-real-nursing-today/the-importance-of-interprofessional-collaboration-in-healthcare
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2021). Collaboration. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535400/
ResearchGate. (2024, September 20). Exploring the role of interdisciplinary collaboration among nursing professionals in enhancing patient safety and care quality in high-risk units. https://tinyurl.com/8pveb822
ScienceDirect. (2025). The 2024 National Nursing Workforce Survey. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S215582562500047X
Tandhealthcare. (2019). Working on working together: A systematic review on how healthcare professionals contribute to interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Interprofessional Care. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13561820.2019.1636007
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). Interprofessional collaboration in health care: Lessons to be learned from competitive sports. PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4530359/
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2021). The case for understanding interdisciplinary relationships in health care. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10262946/
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2022). Perception of interdisciplinary collaboration between ICU nurses and resident physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8804086/
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2023). The significance of cooperation in interdisciplinary health care teams as perceived by Polish medical students. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9859360/
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2023). Interprofessional collaboration in complex patient care transition: A qualitative multi-perspective analysis. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9914692/
Wolters Kluwer. (2024, April 12). Helping nurses to collaborate across disciplines for better patient outcomes. https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en-au/expert-insights/helping-nurses-to-collaborate-across-disciplines-for-better-patient-outcomes