[ANSWERED 2023] What does your State Board of Nursing say about Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and their role, and the role of the Registered Nurse?
What does your State Board of Nursing say about Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and their role, and the role of the Registered Nurse? What does your State Board of Nursing say about Unlicensed Assistive Personnel and their role, and the role of the Registered Nurse? Describe the responsibilities of the Registered Nurse when delegating patient care tasks. How does the ICU environment differ from a general medical-surgical unit as far as assigned responsibilities for Unlicensed Assistive Personnel? Expert Answer and Explanation Delegation in Practice To ensure high-quality patient care, every state has a board that oversees the roles of nurses and ensures that they are able and well prepared to handle their roles. Colorado’s State Board of Nursing ensures that nursing standards and policies are well implemented. The board oversees the license issuance and further stipulates the roles of different nursing professionals in the state (Board of Nursing, n.d). As a result of their intervention, it is easy to understand the roles of different nurses and to ensure further that there is discipline among the nurses. There are varying nursing professionals, and the board has effectively covered the scope of their practice. Role of the Unlicensed Assistive Personnel According to the State of Colorado, unlicensed assistive personnel are people without any recognized knowledge in the medical field and, therefore, cannot be given complicated tasks involved in the field. The roles of the unlicensed assistive personnel are greatly limited, and a registered nurse only directs them. These can include caregivers, parents, and other personnel (Colorado Association of School Nurses 2015). Notably, in many situations, the roles are only carried out when the nurse is unavailable, and the duties are easy to train and will not have devastating outcomes if done incorrectly. The following are roles that can be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel. Notably, for all the roles, the unlicensed assistive personnel must be well trained by the registered nurse. It is also important to ensure that the assistant is always available to monitor the patient’s progress and has access to 24/7 communication in case the patient’s conditions change abruptly (Colorado Association of School Nurses 2015). Applying preventative diaper cream Naso-gastric feeding Emergency preservation of gastrostomy stoma Clean intermittent catheter Indwelling catheter care Continuous positive airway pressure Continuous monitoring of the oxygen supply Subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring Administration of prescribed medications and emergency medications such as injections. It is paramount that the registered nurse prepare the unit dose Pressure ulcer care Collecting blood glucose Ketone Role of the Registered Nurse In Delegating Patient Care Task The registered nurse is responsible for delegating and supervising the delegating tasks and can be considered to be responsible for the tasks that are not well performed. This means the nurse has legal implications for the tasks delegated to the unlicensed assistive personnel. To ensure that the task is well performed, the nurse must ensure the following: That the instructions for the procedure being delegated be specific and broken down into easy individual components The steps for the task being delegated must be well documented The documentation of each document must be made accompanied by the signs of the delegator and the delegatee The nursing procedure can be delegated after the delegate has shown competence through the training process The registered nurse must determine the frequency of evaluation It is also the role of the registered nurse to document all the errors committed to carrying out the tasks and further note that all the corrective actions are taken. It is also important to ensure that the task delegated is within the nurse’s knowledge, skills, and abilities. It is also the nurse’s role to ensure that the unlicensed assistive personnel is competent and can safely perform the task. The nurse must ensure that the roles do not require nursing judgment. How The ICU Environment Differ From The General Medical-Surgical Unit As Far As Assigning Responsibilities For The Unlicensed Assistive Personnel There is no information about the ICU environment and the general medical surgical unit when considering the responsibilities or the unlicensed assistive personnel. However, when considering the general practice of nurses in states, it is clear that there is no unlicensed assistive personnel allowed in the ICU environment as the patients are high risks and can only be taken care of by licensed personnel. However, some hospital environments have allowed nursing assistants in the general medical-surgical unit. According to Twigg et al. (2016), it is important to understand the role of assistants in the nursing wards through the study, and there were adverse outcomes in matters such as increased urinary tract infections, failure to rescue, and falls with injury. This shows the adverse consequences of having the assistants working directly on patients’ care. However, there is an observed decrease in mortality in the wards (Griffiths et al. 2019). The authors noted that with a perfect address of the roles of the assistant and clearly describing their role while working under the direct supervision of the nurses, it could be possible to ensure that there are no adverse consequences to the patients. Conclusion Unlicensed assistive personnel is integral to patient care, especially when a registered nurse is not always available to perform the procedure. However, it is also notable that it is paramount for the registered nurse to give instructions on how the procedure should be carried out, as the legal responsibility of caring for the patient is still with the registered nurse. In the hospital setup, unlicensed assistive personnel is not advocated for as the patients are in less stable conditions, and a small mess-up can cost the life of the patients. References Board of Nursing. (n.d). Title 12 Division of Professions and Occupations Article 25 Nurses and Nurse Aides. Board of Nursing. Practice Act and Laws. . https://dpo.colorado.gov/Nursing/Laws Colorado Association of School Nurses. (2015). Guidance on Delegation for Colorado School Nurses & Child Care Consultants. https://www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/guidanceondelegationforschoolnurses Griffiths, P., Maruotti, A., Saucedo, A. R., Redfern, O. C., Ball, J. E., Briggs, J., … & Smith, G. B.
[ANSWERED 2023] What is a document management system (DMS)? List some ways a DMS can help a business become more efficient and productive. Explain your ideas in scholarly detail
What is a document management system (DMS)? List some ways a DMS can help a business become more efficient and productive. Explain your ideas in scholarly detail Module 2 Assignment: Essay Questions: 1. What is a document management system (DMS)? List some ways a DMS can help a business become more efficient and productive. Explain your ideas in scholarly detail. 2. Discuss in scholarly detail how consolidating data marts into an enterprise data warehouse (EDW) help a company to meet its compliance requirements and a going green initiative. 3. Discuss in scholarly detail why companies use portals and also list and briefly define three types of portals as part of the response. 4. Discuss in scholarly detail concepts behind business continuity and disaster recovery (BC/DR) and describe characteristics of these BC/DR plans. Expert Answer and Explanation Business Operations and Continuity The success of a business entity is dependent on multiple variables that shape the existence of the business world. Different attributes need to be sourced together to ensure that the business meets its daily operations and beneficial qualifications (Ismael, & Okumus, 2017). For instance, the management aspect, employee support, and customer relations are all elements that have to be factored in when making business decisions. A clear understanding of the different modules within the business firm can form the basis of change and transformation. Document Management System (DMS) Every organization has to encounter documents either paper or electronic to conduct its normal operations. Managing documents from different sources can be difficult for an organization (Ismael, & Okumus, 2017). Different organizations have different uses for their documents which makes document management unique for every organization. The nature and type of the organization create the premise on how the DMS would be used in capturing, retrieving, and storing both electronic and paper documents. Document management systems are an essential tool that can be customized to an organization to help with the management of documents and in return offer various benefits to the organization. In accordance with the ISO 12651-2, a document includes any recorded object or information which can be considered as a single unit (Nenkov et al., 2017). A DMS is then software that can be used to organize and control these documents crosswise the entire organization. There are various ways in which DMS can be beneficial to a business in becoming more efficient. Proper document organization enhances the security of the documents within the organization. The security of the documents is important since it is concerned with the privacy of confidential information and only allows access to the authorized individuals (Nenkov et al., 2017). DMS offers effective control towards sensitive documents and facilitates effective audit trails. Secondly, the use of DMS makes the documents easy to retrieve which is a benefit for the organization. Through the use of standard naming conventions and sorting algorithms, an organization can easily retrieve data from different time frames and facilitate faster business operations and reduced return time. For instance, a communication company deals with millions of documents on a daily basis and they have to be stored for future use or in case of discrepancies and there is a need for audits. Documents consumer storage space and DMS can be beneficial toward the attainment of reduced storage space. A DMS makes use of computer technology to convert paper documents into small files that can be stored in a single hard drive rather than storing millions of files within cabinet shelves and other storage bins (Nenkov et al., 2017). These measures can be beneficial in creating an effective business in terms of efficiency and productivity. Data Marts and Enterprise Data Warehouse An Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) is a repository within a business firm that is responsible for the storage and management of all historical business transaction records. A warehouse houses all the archived documents, different documents on operations, and other customer details that can be beneficial for the future of the company and the attainment of various outcomes. An EDW is not specific to the type of data stored but instead houses all the records within the organization (Blažić et al., 2017). Data marts, on the other hand, are a subset of an EDW that have repositories that contain summarized data that is specific to a given unit or department within the organization. Data marts are important within the organization as it can offer information regarding compliance. For instance, a data mart can contain information concerning the human resource department and how it operates. The data can be used to analyze the operations and transactions done by the section to ascertain whether they meet the set regulation and standards. The specificity of the data within a data mart is essential for the provision of a proper decision-making strategy towards compliance (Naamane, & Jovanovic, 2016). The data offers where a problem within a specific section is found and possible ways to solve the issues to meet the needed compliance. Additionally, through data marts, an organization is able to reduce space, optimize storage, and be part of the going green initiative. Company Portals Organizations are increasingly adopting the use of portals to manage the employees and ensure the efficient assignment of tasks. There are different types of portals and each has a major role to play depending on the nature of the company (Rohayati et al., 2018). Access portals are a type of portal within an organization and they can be used to validate employees as part of the system through the assignment of personally identifiable accounts where all the actions or transactions will be conducted. Horizontal portals contain a wide array of functionalities such as an emailing service and company-based email address where all official communication can be conducted. Portals are essential within a company since they ensure that there is an effective assignment of tasks to different employees and the human resource can track the progress of the tasks over time (Rohayati et al., 2018). The mechanisms ensure that a project meets the required deadlines and employees that do not meet their expectations are
[ANSWERED 2023] Explain in detail the basic infrastructure for digital organizations and electronic commerce (EC)
Explain in detail the basic infrastructure for digital organizations and electronic commerce (EC) Module 1 Assignment: Essay Questions: Explain in detail the basic infrastructure for digital organizations and electronic commerce (EC). Explain in detail how ethical issues create pressures or constraints on organizational operations and the use of IT. Explain in detail major managerialactivities that are supported or enabled by IT. Explain in detail concepts behind Web-based systems andinformation infrastructure including details of the major components of the infrastructure. Required Textbooks: Information Technology for Management: Digital Strategies for Insight, Action, and Sustainable Performance (10th Edition) , 10th ISBN: 978-1118897782 Turban, E., Volonino, L., Wood, G. (2015). Information Technology for Management: Digital strategies for Insight, Action, and Sustainable Performance (10th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. (ISBN: 978-1-118-89778-2) Expert Answer and Explanation Components of Digital Technology Infrastructure Technology has dramatically changed many human activities, including information management. Information management has been improved by technology through what is known as information technology (IT) (Mohtaramzadeh, Ramayah & Jun-Hwa, 2018). IT can be described as using computers to gather, store, salvage, send, and manipulate information or data. In other words, IT is the application of technology to solve organizational or business problems on a larger scale. As opposed to entertainment or personal technologies, IT is used to improve business operations, including production, management, and human resource activities, such as recruitment. IT was made possible by the introduction of the computer (Fatima et al., 2017). The purpose of this assignment is to answer regarding information technology and its impacts on management. The Basic Infrastructure for Digital Organizations and Electronic Commerce (EC) Digital organizations and EC should have the following basic infrastructure for them to function properly. The first infrastructure is the internet backbone. An internet backbone a high information route between large, strategically interconnected networks. This infrastructure is used to connect digital organizations with their clients and suppliers (Elia, Margherita & Passiante, 2020). The second infrastructure is a mobile telecommunication. Digital organizations need cellular networks to enjoy communication services and wireless broadband internet. The third infrastructure is the communication satellite. Digital organizations cannot function without proper communication connectivity. Hence, a communication satellite is used to provide information services. The fourth infrastructure is network connectivity (Gonçalves et al., 2016). Network infrastructure provides businesses with connectivity and allows them to share data. One such network is Wi-Fi. EC and digital organizations also need platforms to develop, deploy, and operate software services often cloud-based. For instance, Amazon uses its online platform to display its products and services. Also, through its platform, Domino’s Pizza Delivery uses its platform to receive orders from clients and communicate with them through their phones. User devices are also infrastructure needed by these organizations to effectively run their operations (Elia et al., 2020). The devices include mobile phones, computers, and laptops. The devices can act as IT input or output. For instance, organizations can stay in touch with their suppliers through mobile phones. The last infrastructure is cloud computing (Turban, Volonino, Wood, 2015). Cloud computing has provided digital companies with hosting and storage spaces. How Ethical Issues Create Pressures or Constraints on Digital Organizations or IT Use Codes of ethics were in IT were created to ensure the effective and safe use of the technology. One of the known ethical principles created to oversee the IT infrastructure’s ethical use is privacy and confidentiality. This ethical principle was developed to prevent digital organizations from interfering with their clients’ privacy (Ren & Jackson, 2020). Another ethical principle is autonomy. This principle prevents organizations from sharing clients’ identities with unauthorized people without the clients’ explicit permission. Though these ethical codes have ensured accountable use of collected data, they have also created constraints or pressures the organizations that limited their abilities to use the IT infrastructure. First, privacy and confidentiality can hinder information sharing in that many protocols are involved in seeking consent on whether to use the data. Second, ethical issues have also stipulated the kind of information that should be gathered and stored. For instance, organizations cannot ask their workers about sexual orientation or health status, even if the information is relevant to the institution. Someh et al. (2019) argue that ethical issues can make it hard for IT experts to use the infrastructures if they do not adhere to stipulated ethical principles and regulations. The authors note that getting approval from authorized agencies to use the IT infrastructure can take time and hinder its use. Major Managerial Activities Supported or Enabled by IT IT has greatly impacted the roles of managers. According to Karami, Samimi, and Ja’fari (2020), the key managerial tasks include planning, leading, organizing, leading, and controlling. IT has improved the efficiency of managers regarding these tasks in the following ways. First, IT has improved the accuracy and reliability of planning. Karami et al. (2020) note that IT has improved planning accuracy by providing managers with accurate and credible data they can use in making effective decisions during planning. IT has provided managers with data on stock, sales, and production, and this information can guide their critical thinking on the approach to take during planning (Turban et al., 2015). Through IT, managers can collaborate with other leaders and stakeholders within the organization to discuss and decide on better plans through a network. IT has also improved managers’ organization role. IT systems, such as Project Management Software, have helped review, assess, evaluating, and delegating tasks. The technology has also helped managers keep track of and performance of their employees. Space management software has helped managers keep their workplace organized, helping them utilize office space (Karami et al., 2020). IT has also supported controlling, one of the roles of managers. Through IT, managers have gained access to data to compare performance to standards, measure performance, and rate workers who have performed well. Concepts Behind Web-Based System and Information Infrastructure Web-based IT systems are information systems that apply internet technologies to deliver services and information to users or other applications. The key objective of web-based systems is to deliver data through hypertext-based principles (Abd Wahab, 2016). Web-information system comprises
[ANSWERED] Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal
Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal. Benchmark – Capstone Project Change Proposal In this assignment, students will pull together the change proposal project components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice. Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal: Background Problem statement Purpose of the change proposal PICOT Literature search strategy employed Evaluation of the literature Applicable change or nursing theory utilized Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created Review the feedback from your instructor on the Topic 3 assignment, PICOT Statement Paper, and Topic 6 assignment, Literature Review. Use the feedback to make appropriate revisions to the portfolio components before submitting. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Expert Answer and Explanation Capstone Project Final Background The nursing shortage is one of the major issues that need immediate attention in the US and other parts of the world. According to Kim, Park, Han, Kim and Kim (2016), the US government employed more than 100,000 new nurses in 2002. However, the demand for nurses in the country was not affected by the move. The author argued that the government should do more to combat the problem in a move to improve patient outcome. One of the issues that were found to cause a nursing shortage in healthcare facilities is low employee satisfaction. Lisa, Cydne, Altair, Paul and Michael (2017) mentioned that the majority of nurses who leave the healthcare industry often do that because they are not happy with their current working environment. Also, low wages can be another key factor that leads to a nursing shortage within healthcare facilities. Lack of motivation programs in the facility can also be linked to the high rate of nurse shortage in the health care sector. The ever-increasing world population also causes the nursing shortage. The population of the world is growing, but few people are joining the nursing profession. Nurse shortage has many drastic effects on patients and hospitals. Alharbi (2017) reports that nurses often work for long hours without rest due to nurse shortage, and this can cause injury, fatigue, and tiredness among the nurses. Another effect of nurse shortage is employee dissatisfaction. Kim et al. (2016) argue that nurses are always dissatisfied in a working environment where they are overworked. Nursing shortage can also lead to medical errors and missed events because of fatigue and tiredness. As a result, care quality can be affected, and this can lead to patient dissatisfaction. Lastly, nurse shortage can cause an increased mortality rate and overcrowding of the emergency rooms (Tacy, 2016). Clinical Problem Statement The nursing shortage is one of the major problems affecting the healthcare sector. According to Nantsupawat et al. (2017), the nursing shortage causes the health industry about $400 million every year. Apart from the economic effect, the nursing shortage can lead to nurse burnout because the available few nurses are forced to work for long hours without rest. McKechnie (2016) argues that nurse shortage is the main reason for several cases of medical errors across healthcare institutions. When the nurses are fatigued and tired, they are most likely to conduct activities that may lead to medical errors and missed events. Thus, the healthcare sector should strive to reduce nurse shortage in a move to improve patient care. Purpose of the change proposal concerning providing patient care in the changing health care system. The sole purpose of this capstone project is to propose solutions that can be used to improve the number of nurses in the healthcare sector so that they can improve patient care by providing quality care. PICOT Question For patients admitted in ICU (P), does putting in place a fixed nurse staffing ratios (I) as compared to not having fixed nurse staffing ratios (C) affect patient outcomes(O) during their hospitalization period under intensive care (T)? Literature search strategy employed The search for articles published not later than five years were conducted via Grand Canyon University online library. These databases include the Wiley online library, National Institutes of Health library (NIH), and National Center for Biotechnology Information library (NCBI). Google Scholar was also used to search for the articles. Nursing shortage, staffing ratios, and nurse burnout are some of the search terms used in the strategy. To ensure that the search was exhaustive, variations of the terms were used. After the search for the articles, the resources found were evaluated. Evaluation of the Literature Eight articles were used to answer the PICOT question. An article by Alharbi (2017) concluded that poor leadership management could lead to low job satisfaction, medical errors, and high turnover. Also, an article by Kollman (2019) found that acuity-based staffing (ABS) can be used to improve patient outcome. Fischer (2016) concluded that the education of nurses could be used to improve the nursing shortage. Kim et al. (2016) noted in their study that high
[ANSWERED 2023] Choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint) to document your assignment in the SOAP
Choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint) to document your assignment in the SOAP Assignment 1: Lab Assignment: Differential Diagnosis for Skin Conditions Properly identifying the cause and type of a patient’s skin condition involves a process of elimination known as differential diagnosis. Using this process, a health professional can take a given set of physical abnormalities, vital signs, health assessment findings, and patient descriptions of symptoms, and incrementally narrow them down until one diagnosis is determined as the most likely cause. In this Lab Assignment, you will examine several visual representations of various skin conditions, describe your observations, and use the techniques of differential diagnosis to determine the most likely condition. To Prepare Review the Skin Conditions document provided in this week’s Learning Resources, and select one condition to closely examine for this Lab Assignment. Consider the abnormal physical characteristics you observe in the graphic you selected. How would you describe the characteristics using clinical terminologies? Explore different conditions that could be the cause of the skin abnormalities in the graphics you selected. Consider which of the conditions is most likely to be the correct diagnosis, and why. Search the Walden library for one evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed article based on the skin condition you chose for this Lab Assignment. Review the Comprehensive SOAP Exemplar found in this week’s Learning Resources to guide you as you prepare your SOAP note. Download the SOAP Template found in this week’s Learning Resources, and use this template to complete this Lab Assignment. The Lab Assignment Choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint) to document your assignment in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) note format rather than the traditional narrative style. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Comprehensive SOAP Template in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that not all comprehensive SOAP data are included in every patient case. Use clinical terminologies to explain the physical characteristics featured in the graphic. Formulate a differential diagnosis of three to five possible conditions for the skin graphic that you chose. Determine which is most likely to be the correct diagnosis and explain your reasoning using at least three different references, one reference from current evidence-based literature from your search and two different references from this week’s Learning Resources. Week 4: Assessment of the Skin, Hair, and Nails Something as small and simple as a mole or a discolored toenail can offer meaningful clues about a patient’s health. Abnormalities in skin, hair, and nails can provide non-invasive external clues to internal disorders or even prove to be disorders themselves. Being able to evaluate such abnormalities of the skin, hair, and nails is a diagnostic benefit for any nurse conducting health assessments. This week, you will explore how to assess the skin, hair, and nails, as well as how to evaluate abnormal skin findings. Properly identifying the cause and type of a patient’s skin condition involves a process of elimination known as differential diagnosis. Using this process, a health professional can take a given set of physical abnormalities, vital signs, health assessment findings, and patient descriptions of symptoms, and incrementally narrow them down until one diagnosis is determined as the most likely cause. In this Lab Assignment, you will examine several visual representations of various skin conditions, describe your observations, and use the techniques of differential diagnosis to determine the most likely condition. To Prepare Review the Skin Conditions document provided in this week’s Learning Resources, and select one condition to closely examine for this Lab Assignment. Consider the abnormal physical characteristics you observe in the graphic you selected. How would you describe the characteristics using clinical terminologies? Explore different conditions that could be the cause of the skin abnormalities in the graphics you selected. Consider which of the conditions is most likely to be the correct diagnosis, and why. Search the Walden library for one evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed article based on the skin condition you chose for this Lab Assignment. Review the Comprehensive SOAP Exemplar found in this week’s Learning Resources to guide you as you prepare your SOAP note. Download the SOAP Template found in this week’s Learning Resources, and use this template to complete this Lab Assignment. The Lab Assignment Choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint) to document your assignment in the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) note format rather than the traditional narrative style. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Comprehensive SOAP Template in this week’s Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that not all comprehensive SOAP data are included in every patient case. Use clinical terminologies to explain the physical characteristics featured in the graphic. Formulate a differential diagnosis of three to five possible conditions for the skin graphic that you chose. Determine which is most likely to be the correct diagnosis and explain your reasoning using at least three different references, one reference from current evidence-based literature from your search and two different references from this week’s Learning Resources. Week 4: Assessment of the Skin, Hair, and Nails Something as small and simple as a mole or a discolored toenail can offer meaningful clues about a patient’s health. Abnormalities in skin, hair, and nails can provide non-invasive external clues to internal disorders or even prove to be disorders themselves. Being able to evaluate such abnormalities of the skin, hair, and nails is a diagnostic benefit for any nurse conducting health assessments. This week, you will explore how to assess the skin, hair, and nails, as well as how to evaluate abnormal skin findings. NURS_6512_Week_4_Assignment_1_Rubric NURS_6512_Week_4_Assignment_1_Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Using the SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan) note format: · Create documentation, following SOAP format, of your assignment to choose one skin condition graphic (identify by number in your Chief Complaint). · Use clinical terminologies to explain the physical characteristics featured in the graphic. 35 to >29.0 pts Excellent The response
[ANSWERED 2023] Mary is an 88-year-old African American (AA) female married for 50 years to Albert. Albert complains that Mary cannot hear or hears but does not understand (especially in a group)
Mary is an 88-year-old African American (AA) female married for 50 years to Albert. Albert complains that Mary cannot hear or hears but does not understand (especially in a group) HPI: Mary is an 88-year-old African American (AA) female married for 50 years to Albert. Albert complains that Mary cannot hear or hears but does not understand (especially in a group); turns up radio or television louder to hear (also noted by family, friends, and neighbors); Mary complains of tinnitus; and she feels like people are “mumbling.” PMH: Mary takes ramipril for hypertension (HTN), a baby aspirin for cardio protection, and a statin for hypercholesterolemia. Vital signs are 120/88 P: 88 P02: 96% WT: 156 HT: 5’6″ ROS: Ask if Mary has had any exposure to ototoxic drugs or other otic damage in the past. Describe at least three. PE: What examinations will you perform on the ear? Describe the areas of the ear you will evaluate and what you will expect to find. You determine that Mary has a hearing deficit and tinnitus. What differential diagnoses do you want to consider? Describe at least three. What will your treatment plan for this patient be? What other recommendations will you make (i.e., screening)? What referrals will you make? Education: Name at least two things you will educate your patient about regarding their hearing. Choose the ROS, PE, and DD and final diagnosis for this patient, and then write up your focused SOAP note Expert Answer and Explanation Focused SOAP Note Patient Information: MM, 88, Female, African American S (subjective) CC: “My wife has trouble hearing. She turns up the TV very loud when watching.” HPI: MM is an 88-year-old African American (AA) female who was brought to the clinic for a hearing problem. The patient’s husband complains that MM does not hear him when he talks to her and turns the TV up so loud when watching. Associated symptoms include a feeling of people “mumbling” and tinnitus. She describes tinnitus as buzzing. Tinnitus worsens at bedtime. The patient has not stated the onset of trouble hearing. She has not reported any pain in the ear. Current Medications: She has a statin for hypercholesterolemia, baby aspirin for cardioprotection, and ramipril for hypertension (HTN). Allergies: No environmental, food, or medication allergies. PMHx: She received the Tdap vaccine 7 years ago. She received a PCV15 shot six months ago. She also received the covid-19 vaccine. No past major surgery. He has hypertension. Soc and Substance Hx: She is a retired banker. Denies using alcohol, tobacco, or any other substance abuse. She uses seat belts when in a car. She does not drive. She does not smoke. She has a strong support system comprising of her husband and children. She used to love gun shooting sport. Fam Hx: Her mother had hypertension and died aged 68 from ovarian cancer. Her Father died when she was young from a car accident. Her eldest son has type diabetes and hypertension. My maternal grandfather died of throat cancer and her paternal grandmother died of type two diabetes. Surgical Hx: No prior surgical procedures. Mental Hx: No history of self-harm practices. She was diagnosed with depression when she was 65. Violence Hx: No concerns about violence at home. No history of violence. Reproductive Hx: She is in a menopause state. Not pregnant and do not use contraceptives. She is not sexually active. ROS: GENERAL: No chills, fever, fatigue, or weight loss. HEENT: Eyes: No visual loss, double vision, or blurred vision. Ears, Nose, Throat: Complains of hearing loss. No congestion, sneezing, runny nose, or sore throat. SKIN: No rash or itching. CARDIOVASCULAR: No chest discomfort, pain, or pressure. RESPIRATORY: No sputum, shortness of breath, or cough. GASTROINTESTINAL: No vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, or nausea. GENITOURINARY: No burning on urination. NEUROLOGICAL: No ataxia, headache, or dizziness. MUSCULOSKELETAL: No joint or muscle pain and stiffness. HEMATOLOGIC: No anemia. LYMPHATICS: No enlarged nodes. ENDOCRINOLOGIC: No polydipsia or reports of sweating, cold or heat intolerance. REPRODUCTIVE: Not sexually active. ALLERGIES: No history of, hives, asthma, rhinitis, or eczema. O (objective) Physical exam: Vital signs: BP 120/88, P02: 96%, P 88, WT: 156 HT: 5’6” General: The patient appears her stated age. She is oriented to place, time, and people. She is well-groomed and hygienic. She answers questions correctly. Head: No scars or any abnormal features. The skull is of normal shape and size. Ears: Outer ear intact. No inflammation in the ear. No excess earwax. No injury to the inner ear. No abnormal ear bone growth. No spams in inner ear muscles. Cardiovascular: No chest cracks. Chest edema. Regular heartbeats or rates. Respiratory: No breathing distress. No fluids in the lungs. No wheezes. Diagnostic results: Audiometer test: The patient will wear earphones and be asked to hear words and sounds directed to each ear to find the quietest sound the patient can hear (van Beeck Calkoen et al., 2019). It is done by an audiologist. Tuning fork test: Kelly et al. (2018) noted that a tuning fork test can help a doctor detect hearing loss. The test can be used to identify where ear damage has occurred. Whisper test: A whisper test can be used by a doctor to evaluate patients’ ears for hearing. It identifies how well a patient hears and responds to words spoken at various volumes (O’Donovan et al., 2019). Blood test: Blood can be used to test for ear infections. A (assessment) Differential diagnoses: Presbycusis: Presbycusis is the primary diagnosis for this case. Presbycusis is a hearing loss that occurs gradually as one ages (Wang & Puel, 2020). Symptoms of presbycusis include withdrawal from conversations, trouble hearing conversations, muffling sounds, difficulty understanding words and turning up the volume of radio or television (Wang & Puel, 2020). The patient experiences most of the symptoms making the presbycusis a primary diagnosis. The patient’s age also supports the diagnosis. Ear infection: Ear infection has been included in the diagnosis because it causes hearing loss and tinnitus (Venekamp et al., 2020). However, it has been ruled out because a physical exam shows no inflammation
[ANSWERED 2023] Define both SIDS and SUID Contrast the two definitions – Do they both define the same type of infant death? What are the differences between investigating an infant death and an adult death?
SIDS Syndrome Essay Write a 2000-2500 word essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) sources in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count toward the minimum word amount. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment. Most people are familiar with the term SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), but not too many people outside of the death investigation community are familiar with the term SUID (sudden unexpected infant death). Define both SIDS and SUID Contrast the two definitions – Do they both define the same type of infant death? What are the differences between investigating an infant death and an adult death? (include developmental issues with your answer) Contrast any differences that may exist between the public/general medical community’s understanding of unexplained infant deaths, and the Medical Examiner/Coroner (death investigation) and forensic pathologist’s community position. If there are contrasting opinions, discuss why you believe these exist. Provide an explanation for why statistical reporting on unexplained infant deaths has shifted from one category to another over recent years. Place your order now on a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers. What is the Difference Between Suids and SIDS? Introduction When it comes to infant mortality, two terms often mentioned are “Suids” and “SIDS.” These terms may sound similar, but they refer to different concepts related to the unfortunate loss of young lives. Understanding the difference between Suids and SIDS is crucial for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals alike. In this article, we will delve into the definitions, causes, risk factors, and preventive measures associated with Suids and SIDS. Understanding Suids Suid, or Sudden Unexpected Infant Death, is a broad term that encompasses all sudden and unexpected deaths of infants under the age of one year. It serves as an umbrella term for various causes, including accidents, infections, congenital anomalies, and other medical conditions. Unlike SIDS, Suid does not have a specific set of criteria or diagnostic protocols. Instead, it represents a category that includes all infant deaths that are sudden and unexpected. The Definition and Causes of SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) refers specifically to the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant under the age of one year. SIDS is typically diagnosed when no other cause for the infant’s death can be identified, even after a thorough investigation. It is a diagnosis of exclusion, made when all other possible causes have been ruled out. The exact causes of SIDS are still unknown, and extensive research is ongoing to better understand this phenomenon. However, there are several theories that aim to explain its occurrence, such as abnormalities in the brainstem that affect the infant’s ability to respond to certain stressors or environmental factors. Additionally, factors like sleeping position, unsafe sleeping environments, and maternal smoking during pregnancy have been identified as potential risk factors. Risk Factors for SIDS While Suids encompass a broader range of causes, there are specific risk factors associated with SIDS. These include: Sleeping position: Placing infants on their stomachs or sides during sleep increases the risk of SIDS. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep. Unsafe sleep environments: Factors like soft bedding, loose blankets, stuffed animals, and sleeping with parents or other adults increase the risk of SIDS. It is crucial to provide infants with a safe sleeping environment, free from any potential hazards. Maternal smoking: Smoking during pregnancy or exposure to secondhand smoke after birth can increase the risk of SIDS. Premature birth or low birth weight: Infants born prematurely or with a low birth weight are at a higher risk of SIDS. Protective Measures for Preventing SIDS To reduce the risk of SIDS, several preventive measures can be taken: Back to sleep: Always place infants on their backs to sleep, both for naps and nighttime sleep. Safe sleeping environment: Ensure that the crib or bassinet is free from any suffocation hazards, such as loose bedding, pillows, or stuffed animals. Firm sleep surface: Use a firm mattress covered with a fitted sheet for infants to sleep on. Room-sharing without bed-sharing: Share a room with your infant, but avoid sharing a bed. Instead, place the crib or bassinet close to your bed for easy access during nighttime feedings. Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding has been associated with a lower risk of SIDS. If possible, exclusively breastfeed your infant for the first six months. Differences between Suids and SIDS The primary difference between Suids and SIDS lies in their definitions and diagnostic criteria. Suids encompass all sudden and unexpected infant deaths, while SIDS specifically refers to the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant. Suids can have identifiable causes, such as accidents or medical conditions, whereas SIDS remains unexplained even after a thorough investigation. Suids involve a wide range of possible causes, including accidents, infections, and medical conditions, while SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is essential to differentiate between the two to better understand the circumstances surrounding an infant’s death and provide appropriate support to affected families. Conclusion In conclusion, while both Suids and SIDS involve the sudden and unexpected death of infants, they are distinct in their definitions and diagnostic criteria. Suids encompass all sudden and unexpected infant deaths, while SIDS refers specifically to the sudden and unexplained death of an otherwise healthy infant. Understanding these differences is crucial for healthcare professionals, researchers, and families affected by these tragic events. FAQs Q: Are all sudden infant deaths considered SIDS? A: No, sudden infant deaths can fall under various categories, including accidents, infections, or other medical conditions. SIDS refers specifically to unexplained deaths.
[2023] Challenging Assumptions: Unveiling the Secrets of the Null Hypothesis
Challenging Assumptions: Unveiling the Secrets of the Null Hypothesis Introduction In the realm of statistical analysis the null hypothesis holds a vital place. It is a foundational concept used to make inferences and draw conclusions based on sample data. This article will delve into the significance of the null hypothesis, its formulation, hypothesis testing, and its relevance in various fields. Understanding the Null Hypothesis The null hypothesis, often denoted as “H0,” postulates that there is no significant difference or effect in a given population or sample. It assumes that any observed differences or relationships are purely due to chance. Researchers use this hypothesis as a starting point for statistical analysis. Formulating a Null Hypothesis When formulating a null hypothesis, it is essential to define the variables and the expected lack of relationship or effect between them. For example, if studying the impact of a new drug on patients, the null hypothesis would state that there is no difference in health outcomes between the control group (not taking the drug) and the experimental group (taking the drug). Importance of Null Hypothesis Testing Null hypothesis testing allows researchers to determine the validity of their findings. By comparing the observed data with what would be expected under the null hypothesis, researchers can assess whether any observed effects are statistically significant or simply due to chance. Conducting a Hypothesis Test Hypothesis testing involves several steps. Firstly, researchers state the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis (H1) that contradicts the null hypothesis. Then, they collect relevant data and perform statistical tests to determine the likelihood of observing the results if the null hypothesis were true. Types of Errors in Hypothesis Testing In hypothesis testing, two types of errors can occur. Type I error happens when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted when it is false. Balancing these errors is crucial in drawing accurate conclusions from the data. Practical Applications The concept of the null hypothesis finds applications in various fields. In medicine, it is used to assess the effectiveness of new treatments. In social sciences, researchers employ it to study the impact of interventions or policies. Additionally, it is widely used in quality control and manufacturing processes. Limitations of Null Hypothesis While null hypothesis testing is a valuable tool, it has its limitations. It may not account for all variables influencing the results. Furthermore, it cannot prove that the null hypothesis is true; it can only provide evidence to reject or fail to reject it. Alternative Hypothesis The alternative hypothesis (H1) is the complement of the null hypothesis. It proposes that there is a significant effect or difference in the population or sample being studied. Researchers analyze data to determine if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. Confidence Intervals Confidence intervals play a crucial role in hypothesis testing. They provide a range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to lie. Researchers use confidence intervals to assess the precision and reliability of their findings. Conclusion The null hypothesis is an integral part of statistical analysis and hypothesis testing. It serves as the baseline assumption, enabling researchers to make meaningful interpretations of data. By understanding the null hypothesis and its implications, researchers can draw reliable conclusions from their studies. FAQs 1. What is the purpose of the null hypothesis? The null hypothesis provides a starting point for statistical analysis and hypothesis testing. It assumes no significant effect or difference in the population or sample being studied. 2. Can the null hypothesis be proven true? No, the null hypothesis can only be rejected or fail to be rejected based on the evidence obtained from data analysis. It cannot be proven true with absolute certainty. 3. Why is it essential to balance Type I and Type II errors? Balancing Type I and Type II errors is crucial to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions. Minimizing one type of error may increase the likelihood of the other, so researchers must strike a balance based on the context of their study. 4. How are confidence intervals used in hypothesis testing? Confidence intervals provide a range of values that are likely to contain the true population parameter. Researchers use them to gauge the precision and reliability of their findings. 5. Is the alternative hypothesis always the opposite of the null hypothesis? Yes, the alternative hypothesis (H1) proposes a significant effect or difference in the population or sample, contradicting the null hypothesis (H0). It represents the researcher’s alternative explanation for the observed data. How do you accept or reject a null hypothesis? In hypothesis testing, the decision to accept or reject a null hypothesis is based on the results of statistical analysis. Here’s how it’s done: State the Null Hypothesis (H0) and the Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The first step is to clearly define the null hypothesis, which assumes no significant effect or difference in the population or sample being studied. The alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, proposes that there is a significant effect or difference. Collect and Analyze Data: Researchers gather relevant data through experiments or observations. The data will be used to test the null hypothesis. Choose a Significance Level (Alpha): The significance level (often denoted as alpha, α) is the probability of making a Type I error, which is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. Commonly used significance levels are 0.05 (5%) and 0.01 (1%). Calculate the Test Statistic: Depending on the nature of the data and the hypothesis being tested, various statistical tests are used to calculate a test statistic. The choice of test depends on factors such as the data distribution and the type of comparison being made. Determine the Critical Region: The critical region is the range of values for the test statistic that would lead to rejecting the null hypothesis. It is determined based on the chosen significance level and the distribution of the test statistic. Compare
[2023] Three months have passed since you created your first financial plan (i.e., the Unit 2 Touchstone). In that time, your budget has gone through some changes.
Three months have passed since you created your first financial SCENARIO: Three months have passed since you created your first financial plan (i.e., the Unit 2 Touchstone). In that time, your budget has gone through some changes. The good news is that your income has increased because of your strong performance at work. However, health care and miscellaneous costs have gone up along with your earnings. You will need to reallocate your monthly budget based on these changes to see how you’re progressing toward your original savings goal. While you appreciate numbers and figures, you also know that a strong financial analysis needs visual information. As part of your progress check, you’ve committed to creating a set of graphs that you can share with your financial advisor. ASSIGNMENT: This work has two parts. In part 1, you will analyze personal finance data based on the scenario described above. You’ll use your problem solving and agility skills to balance three monthly budgets, and you’ll use your technology skill to graph the spending allocations in each of them. Finally, you’ll sharpen all three skills as you calculate and graph the progress you’re making toward your original savings goal. In part 2, you will answer reflection questions about the decisions you made, identify how to create more savings opportunities, and make predictions about life and economic impacts that could affect the future of your plan. For this , you will: Create three monthly budgets and perform a personal financial analysis using Microsoft Excel. Summarize changes in expenditures between budgets. Show the results of the analysis using appropriate graphs in Excel. Explain how the graph types you have selected will help your financial advisor understand the data. Discuss the results of the financial analysis including savings achievements, future budget modifications, and life impacts that could derail the budget in the coming year. Reflect on what the analysis might reasonably look like in one year, accounting for economic factors such as inflation and the consumer price index. Place your order now for a similar assignment and get fast, cheap and best quality work written by our expert level assignment writers.Use Coupon: NEW30 to Get 30% OFF Your First Order Answered Questions: ANSWERED!! Assume you are a nurse manager on a unit ANSWERED!! Watch the Diary of Medical Mission Trip ANSWERED!! Re-read Take a Closer Look: Exploring Claude ANSWERED!! Develop and submit a personal leadership What Makes a Successful Financial Plan or Budget? Financial planning and budgeting are integral components of sound financial management. A successful financial plan empowers individuals to achieve their goals, whether it’s buying a house, saving for education, or planning for retirement. In this article, we will delve into the key elements that make a financial plan or budget effective, helping individuals take control of their financial future. 1. Introduction Defining Financial Planning and Budgeting Financial planning refers to the process of setting specific financial goals and creating a roadmap to achieve them. It involves assessing one’s current financial situation, identifying objectives, and devising strategies to reach those goals efficiently. Budgeting, on the other hand, is the detailed financial breakdown of income and expenses. It helps individuals allocate their money wisely, ensuring that spending aligns with their financial objectives. Importance of a Successful Financial Plan A well-crafted financial plan provides numerous benefits. It allows individuals to prioritize their goals, make informed financial decisions, and avoid unnecessary debts. Moreover, a successful financial plan provides a sense of security during unforeseen circumstances and helps build wealth for the future. 2. Setting Financial Goals To create a successful financial plan, one must begin by setting clear and achievable financial goals. These goals can be short-term or long-term, depending on the time frame in which they need to be accomplished. Identifying Short-Term and Long-Term Goals Short-term goals typically involve things like paying off credit card debt, saving for a vacation, or buying a new gadget. Long-term goals, on the other hand, may include buying a home, funding a child’s education, or building a retirement corpus. Prioritizing Goals Based on Urgency and Importance Not all financial goals have the same urgency or significance. Some goals may require immediate attention, while others can be planned for in the long term. Prioritizing goals helps in allocating resources efficiently. 3. Assessing Current Financial Situation Before embarking on a financial plan, it’s crucial to assess one’s current financial standing. Evaluating Income and Expenses Individuals should have a clear understanding of their total income and how much they spend each month. This evaluation provides insights into areas where expenses can be minimized or optimized. Analyzing Debt and Savings Assessing existing debts and evaluating the effectiveness of current savings strategies is essential. A comprehensive understanding of debt and savings ensures that one can make informed decisions regarding future financial commitments. 4. Creating a Realistic Budget A successful financial plan heavily relies on a well-designed budget that reflects an individual’s financial priorities. Allocating Funds for Essentials, Savings, and Discretionary Spending Budgets should allocate funds for essential expenses like housing, utilities, and groceries. Additionally, setting aside a portion of income for savings and investments is critical to achieving long-term financial goals. Moreover, discretionary spending on non-essential items should be accounted for without compromising the ability to save. Implementing a Budget Tracking System Tracking expenses and adhering to the budget is crucial. There are various budgeting apps and tools available to help individuals monitor their spending habits and stay on track. 5. Building an Emergency Fund An emergency fund acts as a safety net during unforeseen circumstances, providing financial security. Importance of Having a Safety Net Life is unpredictable, and unexpected events like medical emergencies or sudden job loss can have severe financial repercussions. An emergency fund provides peace of mind during such times. Strategies to Save for Emergencies Setting aside a portion of income regularly and automating savings can aid in building an emergency fund over time. 6. Managing Debt Effectively Debt management is a crucial aspect of any successful financial plan. Understanding Different Types
[ANSWERED 2023] Write a paper 2,000-2,500 words in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain
Write a paper 2,000-2,500 words in which you apply the concepts of Write a paper 2,000-2,500 words in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment. Communicable Disease Selection Chickenpox Tuberculosis Influenza Mononucleosis Hepatitis B HIV Ebola Measles Polio Influenza Epidemiology Paper Requirements Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population? Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example. A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. Expert Answer and Explanation HIV Infection Epidemiology can be regarded as the study of diseases, their distribution in populations their causes and how they can be prevented among other factors concerning the general population health. This paper will focus on the epidemiology of infectious diseases where HIV will be selected for analysis. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Among the most known infections globally, HIV can be regarded as being top of the list. It is a disease that came to be known widely in the 1980s, where the first instance of the infection started to be reported and the numerous deaths that occurred as a result. According to the UNAIDS 2018 factsheet, the number of HIV infected persons globally almost neared forty million. The CDC further reports that gay men, and men who have sex with other men, transgender, Blacks, and Latinos, and drug users who inject themselves are at an increased risk of infection than any other population group (Hall et al. 2015). For a healthy person, the body uses the T-helper cells (T-cells/CD4 cells) to fight off against any harmful bacteria or viruses. Bell and Noursadeghi (2018) elaborate that when a person is infected by HIV, the virus fights off against the T-helper cells, but due to the rapid multiplication and mutation of the virus, the struggle renders the body to have insufficient immunity leading to other opportunistic diseases like tuberculosis to creep in further worsening the health condition of the infected person. The disease is mainly spread through sexual intercourse, with factors such as drug use and abuse, risky sexual behavior and not using protection during intercourse increasing the risk of one getting infected. The infection passes through mucous membranes and raptured tissues of the body where bodily fluids can be absorbed. Phases of HIV The disease has three major stages, first second and third, with each stage having its characteristics. The first stage of the disease is normally captured in the first two to four weeks after transmission. This stage is characterized by a high virus count in the body and the infected person is usually unaware of the infection as there are no serious accompanying symptoms (Doitsh & Greene, 2016). However, one may feel feverish during this period. It is always advised for a person who suspects having been infected, especially after sexual intercourse, to go for a nucleic acid test for confirmation. This is done to prevent further infection and control the disease before it develops to the next stage. The second stage of the infection is considered as being asymptomatic with the virus multiplying at a slow pace. An infected person can remain in this phase for over decades, but with ART, the duration can even be longer. The duration however varies from person to person, with more encounters of the virus through risky sexual behavior, accelerating the virus count in the body. It is important to note that an infected person at this stage, even under anti-retroviral-therapy (ART) can still infect others. However, ARTs reduce the chances of infection spread as compared to an infected person, not under medication. When the virus continues to multiply unrestrained, the stage advances to the third and final stage which is also referred to as Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This phase is characterized by very weak immunity with the CD4 count drastically dropping if a suitable therapy is not taken (Doitsh & Greene, 2016). At this stage, that is when other opportunistic infections like TB creep in taking advantage of the weakened body increasing the likelihood of fatality. This stage is accompanied by various symptoms including chills, fatigue, high prevalence of getting other infections among others. An infected person at stage three of the disease is can easily infect others. Treatment and cure for HIV Currently, there is no known cure for the infection given the ability of the virus to constantly mutate. However, ART is a known method that can hinder the advancement of the virus from one stage to the next. The ART should be taken by an infected person for the rest of