Required source:

Purnell, L., & Paulanka, B. (2013). Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Expert Answer and Explanation

Analysis of Barriers to Access to Care

Barriers within the organization can impede access to care for the Native American Indians, and these barriers can manifest in inpatient setting where the caregivers have to closely monitor patients. These challenges range from discrimination to an organizational culture that is unsupportive of the needs of the patients. Patients in the inpatient settings require monitoring, and caregivers have to equally distribute resources and time to each patient to address the patients’ medical needs.

Because of discrimination, however, it becomes a challenge for the Native Americans to enjoy the same quality and amount of care like non-minority populations (Levesque, Harris, & Russell, 2013). Taking into consideration these organizational issues, it is important to look at challenges based on the various dimensions including the availability, accessibility, and affordability.

Organizational Barriers Native Americans face in Inpatient Hospital

Availability

The organization-based challenges the Native Americans grapple with include the lack of medical opportunities. The lack of awareness on who to contact when they need to access medical services is inherently a problem that this group faces. This is a barrier because it limits access to care by hampering the capacity of this group from getting information which could be pertinent to accessing treatment, especially in the inpatient setting (Purnell, L., & Paulanka, 2013).

Accessibility

Accessibility is also a problem that Native Americans grapple with. This issue occurs because majority of the hospitals in areas where the Native Americans live only provide outpatient services. This poses the problem of access of care in inpatient setting for this population (Levesque et al., 2013).

Affordability

The insurance firms offer various packages at different prices, and for the Native Americans, affording these packages can be a challenge. This is because this group is economically disadvantaged, and majority of them faces the burden of the rising premiums. Even informal payments can be high for this group, and considering the inpatient setting where costs accumulate with time, paying for care in this context can be a burden.

Appropriateness

The appropriateness of care is another dimension in which the barriers to accessing health services are noticeable. For instance, some caregivers pay less attention to the cultural and spiritual needs of the Native American patients. For this reason, this group faces difficulties accessing a care that is culturally competent. Another issue under this dimension is that caregivers pay limited attention to the coordination of care with other providers, and this causes the duplication of resources, and the burden of cost goes to the Native Americans (Weinstein et al., 2017).

Accountability

For the indigenous Americans, accessing accountable care can be a challenge considering that issues such as harm related to negligence or unsafe clinical practices tend to risk the health and lives of this group. When caring for patients from this population, caregivers may not address the need of this group with much seriousness as they would with non-minority populations. This poses a significant risk to these indigenous Americans.

Adaptability

A sizable number of Indigenous Americans are highly spiritual, and according to this group, the interventions from the spiritual world can help one attain holistic healing. For providers, reconciling these beliefs with the doctrines of the modern care can be a challenge. Thus, adapting care to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of this population can be problematic for caregivers.

Acceptability

The challenges involving access to care also manifest in acceptability of the cultures and values of the Indigenous Americans. For a provider who identifies as a Christian, accepting the traditions and norms of the Ingenious American populations can be difficult because of the rituals associated with the group’s spiritual activities. Because accepting these traditions can be a challenge for providers, it can be difficult to provide culturally sensitive care to the Native Americans.

Awareness

An organization may not have effective structures of communication to communicate health information that is pertinent to the advancement of the health care for the American Indians. Lack of translators in a medical facility can create a communication barrier, and this can further make it difficult to help the patient be aware of how they can participate in treatment (Gurr, 2015).

Attitudes

In some instances, caregivers may have negative attitudes towards the cultures which they don’t identify with, and this negative attitude can have negative impact on the way they interact with patients from different cultures. This is one of the core issues which the American Indians struggle with.

Approachability, Alternative Practices and Practitioners and other Services

Because of the negative views they attach to other cultures, caregivers may make it difficult for Native American patients to approach them. The thought of the possibility of the caregiver not accepting to integrate the beliefs of a Native American patient into care can cause the patient to shy off from seeking treatment. Negative views attached to alternative health services can hamper the efforts focused on prescribing patients alternative solutions to care.

Mechanisms of Mitigation of the Barriers for Native Americans

Providers have the mandate to mitigate the barriers and provide the fair frameworks in which individuals can access equal opportunities when it comes to access to medical services. Organizations, for instance, need to focus on developing and encouraging a culture in which caregivers are culturally competent. This will solve the issues such as negative attitudes, adaptability and reachability which occur because of the lack of cultural culturally competent medical workers. It also important to encourage the application of the individualized care so that every patient can access care that meets their cultural, spiritual and emotional needs (Pedersen et al, 2015).

Conclusion

In overview, the barriers to access to medical services mainly stem from the cultural misunderstandings. Negative attitudes and views towards the cultures of the indigenous Americans majorly contribute to the challenges in access to quality care for the inpatient Indian American patients. Thus, focusing on creating a medical staff team that is culturally sensitive can help mitigate the disparity in access to care for this population.

References

Gurr, B. A. (2015). Reproductive justice: The politics of health care for Native American women. London: Rutgers University Press.

Levesque, J. F., Harris, M. F., & Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International journal for equity in health, 12, 18. Doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-18.

Pedersen, P. B., Lonner, W. J., Draguns, J. G., Trimble, J. E., &Scharrón-del, R. M. R. (2015). Counseling Across Cultures. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

Purnell, L., &Paulanka, B. (2013). Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach (4th Ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.

Weinstein, J. N., Geller, A., Negussie, Y., Baciu, A., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). (2017). Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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Which 4 Factors Contribute to Quality of Care

Quality of care is a vital aspect of any healthcare system. It refers to the degree to which healthcare services provided to patients are safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. Achieving high-quality care requires the collaboration of various factors that work together to ensure the best outcomes for patients. In this article, we will explore the four key factors that contribute to the quality of care delivered in healthcare settings.

Introduction

Quality of care is the cornerstone of a well-functioning healthcare system. It encompasses not only the technical aspects of medical treatment but also the patient experience and overall outcomes. To deliver high-quality care, healthcare providers must address several critical factors. Let’s delve into each of these factors to understand their significance.

Healthcare Professionals and Expertise

One of the primary factors contributing to the quality of care is the proficiency and expertise of healthcare professionals. Skilled doctors, nurses, and other healthcare practitioners play a crucial role in delivering quality care. They possess the knowledge and experience necessary to diagnose, treat, and manage patients effectively. Well-trained professionals who stay updated with the latest medical advancements ensure that patients receive accurate and evidence-based care.

Patient Engagement and Empowerment

Engaging patients in their healthcare journey is essential for achieving quality care. When patients actively participate in their treatment plans, it leads to better health outcomes. Patient engagement involves involving patients in decision-making, educating them about their conditions, and promoting self-management. Empowering patients with knowledge and involving them in shared decision-making processes can enhance treatment adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall care quality.

Effective Communication and Collaboration

Clear and effective communication among healthcare providers, patients, and their families is vital for ensuring quality care. Miscommunication can lead to medical errors, delays in treatment, and inadequate coordination. Healthcare teams should communicate clearly, using simple language and avoiding medical jargon. Additionally, fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals across different disciplines facilitates integrated care and improves patient outcomes.

Evidence-Based Practices and Continuous Improvement

Adopting evidence-based practices is another critical factor in delivering quality care. Evidence-based medicine involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. By basing medical decisions on scientific evidence, healthcare providers can offer patients the most effective treatments. Furthermore, a culture of continuous improvement within healthcare organizations allows for ongoing assessment and refinement of care processes, leading to better outcomes over time.

Conclusion

Delivering high-quality care requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses several key factors. Healthcare professionals’ expertise, patient engagement, effective communication, and evidence-based practices all contribute to the overall quality of care. By focusing on these factors, healthcare organizations can enhance patient outcomes, improve satisfaction levels, and promote better overall health.

FAQs

1. How can healthcare professionals enhance the quality of care? Healthcare professionals can enhance the quality of care by staying updated with the latest medical advancements, practicing evidence-based medicine, and fostering effective communication and collaboration among the healthcare team.

2. What is patient engagement? Patient engagement refers to actively involving patients in their healthcare decisions, educating them about their conditions, and empowering them to manage their health effectively.

3. Why is effective communication important in healthcare? Effective communication is crucial in healthcare to avoid miscommunication, medical errors, and delays in treatment. It promotes better coordination and collaboration among healthcare providers, patients, and their families.

4. What is evidence-based medicine? Evidence-based medicine involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to guide medical decision-making and provide the most effective treatments.

5. How can continuous improvement contribute to better care outcomes? Continuous improvement allows healthcare organizations to assess and refine care processes over time, leading to better outcomes for patients. It fosters a culture of learning and adaptation to provide increasingly high-quality care.

What Are the Determinants of Health?

Health is a complex concept influenced by various factors that go beyond mere medical care. These factors, known as determinants of health, play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s well-being and overall quality of life. Understanding these determinants is essential for promoting health and implementing effective strategies to improve population health outcomes. In this article, we will explore the key determinants of health and their impact on individuals and communities.

Introduction: The Significance of Determinants of Health

The determinants of health encompass a wide range of factors that influence an individual’s health status and well-being. These factors operate at multiple levels, including the individual, community, and societal levels. By addressing these determinants, we can create environments that promote good health and prevent illness.

Socioeconomic Factors and Health

Socioeconomic factors, such as income, education, and occupation, have a significant impact on health outcomes. People with higher incomes tend to have better access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living conditions. Conversely, those in lower socioeconomic positions often face barriers that affect their health, such as limited resources and higher levels of stress.

Education and Health Outcomes

Education plays a vital role in determining health outcomes. Individuals with higher levels of education are more likely to make informed health decisions, adopt healthier behaviors, and have greater access to job opportunities with better working conditions. Education empowers individuals to take control of their health and leads to improved overall well-being.

Employment and Occupational Health

Employment and occupational factors can significantly impact health. Work-related stress, exposure to hazardous substances, long working hours, and job insecurity can contribute to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Creating healthier work environments, ensuring fair labor practices, and providing adequate support can positively influence employee health.

Social Support Networks

Strong social support networks are crucial for maintaining good health. Relationships with family, friends, and community members provide emotional support, reduce stress, and enhance resilience. Social isolation and lack of social connections can have detrimental effects on mental health and overall well-being.

Physical Environment and Health

The physical environment in which people live, work, and play has a significant impact on their health. Access to clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food, and green spaces promotes better health outcomes. Conversely, exposure to environmental pollutants, inadequate housing, and unsafe neighborhoods can lead to adverse health effects.

Health Behaviors and Lifestyle

Individual health behaviors and lifestyle choices greatly influence overall health. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and getting enough sleep are essential for promoting optimal health. Healthy behaviors can prevent the onset of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being.

Access to Healthcare Services

Access to healthcare services is a crucial determinant of health. Timely and affordable healthcare services, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment, are essential for maintaining and improving health outcomes. Disparities in access to healthcare can lead to inequities and negatively impact population health.

Genetics and Hereditary Factors

Genetics and hereditary factors contribute to an individual’s predisposition to certain health conditions. Understanding genetic factors can help identify individuals at higher risk and implement preventive measures. However, it is essential to note that genetics alone do not determine health outcomes, as environmental factors and lifestyle choices also play significant roles.

Gender and Health Disparities

Gender influences health outcomes and experiences differently for men and women. Biological, social, and cultural factors contribute to gender disparities in health. Recognizing and addressing these disparities is crucial for ensuring equitable access to healthcare and improving health outcomes for all.

Cultural and Social Norms

Cultural and social norms shape health behaviors and attitudes. Cultural beliefs, values, and practices influence individual and community health. Understanding and respecting diverse cultural norms can contribute to the development of culturally sensitive healthcare approaches and interventions.

Policies and Governance

Policies and governance frameworks play a critical role in shaping health outcomes. Government policies related to healthcare, education, employment, and social welfare can impact population health. Effective policies that address social determinants of health can create environments that support health and well-being for all.

Early Childhood Development

Early childhood experiences and development significantly impact lifelong health. Adequate nutrition, access to quality education, nurturing relationships, and a safe environment during early childhood lay the foundation for healthy development and better health outcomes later in life.

Aging Population and Health

The aging population presents unique health challenges. Promoting healthy aging involves addressing the physical, mental, and social well-being of older adults. Providing accessible healthcare, social support, and age-friendly environments can enhance the quality of life for older individuals.

Conclusion

The determinants of health are multifaceted and interconnected. By addressing the various factors that influence health outcomes, we can create healthier environments and promote well-being for individuals and communities. Recognizing the significance of these determinants is crucial for developing effective strategies to improve population health and reduce health disparities.

FAQs

1. What are the determinants of health? Determinants of health are the various factors that influence an individual’s health status and well-being. These factors include socioeconomic factors, education, employment, social support networks, physical environment, health behaviors, access to healthcare services, genetics, gender, cultural norms, policies, early childhood development, and the aging population.
2. Why are determinants of health important? Determinants of health are important because they go beyond medical care and encompass the broader factors that shape health outcomes. By addressing these determinants, we can create environments that promote good health, prevent illness, and reduce health disparities.
3. How do socioeconomic factors impact health? Socioeconomic factors, such as income, education, and occupation, have a significant impact on health outcomes. Higher incomes, better education, and favorable occupations are associated with improved access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living conditions.
4. What role does access to healthcare services play in determining health? Access to healthcare services is crucial for maintaining and improving health outcomes. Timely and affordable healthcare, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment, ensures individuals receive necessary medical attention, reducing the burden of illness and promoting overall well-being.
5. How can policymakers address determinants of health? Policymakers can address determinants of health by implementing policies that promote equitable access to healthcare, education, employment, and social support. Creating supportive environments, improving social and physical infrastructure, and addressing health disparities are essential components of effective policymaking.