[ANSWERED 2023] Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model. How did you acquire knowledge? How did you process knowledge?

Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model.

Module 1: Assignment

Assignment:

Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation with 1-2 minutes of speaker notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation.

Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, and multimedia enhancements which is located in the Resources tab.

1. Title Slide (1 slide)

2. Imagine a clinical scenario and analyze the complements using the Foundation of Knowledge Model. How did you acquire knowledge? How did you process knowledge? How you generate knowledge? How did you disseminate knowledge? How did you use feedback and what was the effect of feedback on the foundation of your knowledge? (4 slides)

3. How would you describe cognitive informatics (CI)? Reflect on a plan of care that you have developed for a patient. How could cognitive informatics be used to create tools to help with this important work? (2-3 slides)

4. Take the self-assessment test on computer competencies offered at this URL: http://www.nursing-informatics.com/niassess/plan.html. How did you score? What are your areas of strengths and weaknesses related to computer competencies? (2-3 slides)

5. References (1 slide)

Expert Answer and Explanation

Acquiring knowledge is nursing practice is supposed to be a continuous process. This is to facilitate the delivery of the best care to patients. according to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017) nurses are knowledge acquirers. This means that nurses are supposed to look for efficient ways of capturing and storing knowledge. The more knowledge one can acquire, the more informed their decisions will be.

In my clinical scenario, I was able to acquire knowledge using the following ways:

The first was through observation – I was able to observe what other experienced nurses were doing and through their actions, I was able to acquire knowledge of how best to handle the patient whom I was tending to

I was also able to acquire knowledge by reviewing evidence-based research on how best to handle the clinical situation I was handling.

Learning from my peers was another strategy I used to acquire knowledge. Through discussions and sharing information, I was able to get a better grasp of the clinical situation.

Knowledge processing involves accessing the acquired knowledge and considering how it can be applied in the clinical setup (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). In my clinical scenario, I was able to assess and diagnose the condition faced by the patient. From there I was able to relate the symptoms with the knowledge I had previously acquired from which was able to relate the symptoms displayed by the patient with possible health conditions and the suitable plan of care that could be applied to assist the patient recover.

According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017), knowledge generation can be termed as the process of creating new knowledge from experience gained and through education. Initially, the clinical situation was posing challenges for me based on my limited knowledge of how best to handle the patient’s condition.

However, I was able to apply the previously acquired knowledge and from it, came up with new methods of dealing with the situation. I can therefore say that I was able to generate new knowledge that can be applied in similar scenarios going forward. Linking up the new knowledge acquired and applying it into clinical practice

Knowledge dissemination can be termed as the process of distributing the generated knowledge so that others can also learn from it. In nursing practice, dissemination of knowledge facilitates the advancement of nursing practice. There are various ways to disseminate knowledge including publishing it, applying it so that others can observe from the application, sharing the knowledge in meetings, to list a few (Wilke et al., 2018).

In my clinical scenario, I was able to disseminate the newly generated knowledge by sharing it with my peers and applying the same in other situations so that others can also learn from it. I was also able to disseminate the knowledge by sharing it in nursing briefs and training sessions

Cognitive informatics is a concept that is coined by borrowing knowledge from different fields. From its name, it can be said that it is a field that combines cognitive science, which is known as a field of study that analyzes the modeling and complexity of the human brain and how it functions (Laird, Lebiere & Rosenbloom, 2017). It also borrows knowledge from informatics, which is a field that entails the collection and processing of information using technology and technology systems

Therefore, according to McGonigle and Mastrian (2017), cognitive informatics is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand how information is processed in the computer.

Cognitive informatics as captured by McGonigle and Mastrian, (2017) has various applications in nursing practice.

One of its applications is the development of effective and efficient health care systems. Such systems can play an instrumental role in improving nursing efficiency when delivering care to patients.

Another use of cognitive informatics is that it can be used to understand how humans interact with health care technology

Cognitive informatics can also be used to predict the nature of clinical activities which can be used to develop and improve clinical interventions.

After taking the self-assessment test, I obtained a score of 91, which falls under the “very confident” scale that ranges from 87 to 100. People belonging to this scale are very confident in their abilities to apply technology to perform routine functions and increase their creativity when working. Such people also appreciate the unique value of information technology in conducting day to day activities. In general, it can be said that such persons have a positive outlook on health care technology and would not shy away to embrace it in clinical practice.

After carrying out the assessment, there are notable areas of strength that I took note of.  One of my strong areas was the positive attitude I had towards the application of technology in healthcare. According to Garavand et al. (2016), attitude is an influencing factor in the application and embracing of technology in healthcare.

Another area of strength is my knowledge of technology. Having used computers for the better part of my life, I can term myself to be well versed with information technology and a few IT systems.

Another area of strength that became apparent after taking the test was my knowledge of the application of different technological platforms, including the positive use of social media. The application of social media in health care is currently considered a strategic factor that can facilitate the sharing of information between health care workers and their patients (Mgudlwa & Iyamu, 2018).

From the test, I was also able to learn a few areas of weakness.

I noticed that in as much as I was conversant with using IT systems, I still had a lot that I could learn especially on vital applications that could be useful in my nursing practice.

Another area of weakness was that I did not use computer applications as much as I should in my practice, and at times, it could be seen as a distraction, especially when engaging in other non-productive activities like chatting in social media.

References

Garavand, A., Mohseni, M., Asadi, H., Etemadi, M., Moradi-Joo, M., & Moosavi, A. (2016). Factors influencing the adoption of health information technologies: a systematic review. Electronic physician, 8(8), 2713–2718. https://doi.org/10.19082/2713

Laird, J. E., Lebiere, C., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2017). A standard model of the mind: Toward a common computational framework across artificial intelligence, cognitive science, neuroscience, and robotics. Ai Magazine, 38(4), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v38i4.2744

McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2017) Nursing Informatics And The Foundation Of Knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1284121247

Mgudlwa, S., & Iyamu, T. (2018). Integration of social media with healthcare big data for improved service delivery. South African Journal of Information Management, 20(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v20i1.894

Wilke, A., Bollmann, U., Cazzaniga, S., Hübner, A., John, S. M., Karadzinska‐Bislimovska, J., … & Stoleski, S. (2018). The implementation of knowledge dissemination in the prevention of occupational skin diseases. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32(3), 449-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14653

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Other Questions Related to this Class:

Module 1: Discussion Question

Discussion Question:

Information systems support and facilitate the functioning of people to enhance and evolve nursing practice by generating knowledge. This knowledge represents five rights: the right information, accessible by the right people in the right settings, applied the right way at the right time. It is also the struggle to integrate new knowledge and old knowledge to enhance wisdom.

If clinicians are inundated with data without the ability to process it, this yields too little wisdom. That is why it is crucial that clinicians have viable information systems at their fingertips to facilitate the acquisition, sharing and utilization of knowledge while maturing wisdom; it is a process of empowerment. If you could only meet FOUR of the Rights, which one would you omit, and why? Also, provide your rationale for each Right you chose to meet.

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 2: Discussion Question

You are asked about a diagnosis you are unfamiliar with. Where would you start looking for information? How would you determine how valid the information is?

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 2: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete ALL THREE of the Professional Development exercises.

• In the Chapter 7 summary, Staggers and Nelson state, “In a way all of us are already informatics nurses.” Reflect on this summary statement and describe a scenario from your clinical experience where you manipulated data, information, and knowledge to make a wise decision. Focus specifically on the key concepts of data, information, knowledge and wisdom.
• What do you believe are the advantages and disadvantages of having a single shared consensus-driven model of terminology use? How can a single agreed model of terminology use (with linkages to a single terminology) help to integrate knowledge into routine clinical practice?
• Hospital C is looking to implement an EHR. It has been suggested that a NIS be hired. This position does not involve direct patient care and the administration is struggling with how to justify the position. How can this position be justified?

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Module 3: Discussion Question

One of the largest problems with healthcare information security has always been inappropriate use by authorized users. How do HIPPA and the HITECH Act help to curb this problem?

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 3: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete the following Professional Development exercises.

• Read the following Ethics case. Discuss and analyze using the ETHICAL model presented in Chapter 5.

Paul is a 12 year old male diabetic. He maintains his personal digital assistant (PDA), hand-held device, that interfaces with his glucometer and provides information based on inputted data from him and his parents. This information is transmitted to his MD/hospital, school nurse, case manager (CM), and to the parents’ home computer. All in an attempt to better control his diabetes. You are his CM.

The PDA sends an update to you since Paul’s blood glucose levels have been rising steadily for the last 5 days. The physician has left a message for you to contact this family and have them come in for an evaluation. You know that both of his parents work so you send an e-mail message to the parents’ via their home computer asking them to bring Paul in for an assessment.

Since you are in a hurry and will be seeing other patients when they return from work, you decide to add more information to the message than normal reviewing with them the importance of maintaining control over the diabetes and expressing your concern since Paul has not checked in with you lately. You tell them that you think he might be over-doing it since he is trying to play football. You ask how they are doing and if they are still attending their counseling sessions.

Paul’s 4 year old sister, Lilah, sends your email out to all of the diabetic lists that both Paul and his parents belong. They interact with people on these lists regularly.

The parents are outraged that this information was sent everywhere. Imagine that you are the designated Privacy Officer in a healthcare institution.

Explain the following:

• • How would you feel in this situation?
  • What is the problem? (Clearly state the problem)
  • What ethical principles would guide you in this case?
  • What are the alternatives for solving this dilemma?
  • What are the consequences for each alternative generated?
  • In your opinion, what is the first choice from the alternatives and why?
  • Does your choice take into consideration all of the persons involved and the consequences to each of them?
  • If the worst case scenario would occur based on your choice, could you live with your decision?
  • Based on your choice, what is your plan of action?
  • What types of monitoring procedures would you develop?
  • What would you include in your sanctions for violations policy?
  • How would you address the following?

• • • Tracking each point of access of the patient’s database including who entered the data
    • Nurses in your hospital have an access code that only gives them access to their Unit’s patients. A visitor accidentally comes to the wrong unit looking for a patient and asks the nurse to find out what unit the patient is on.

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Additionally, complete ONE of the free courses offer through the National Institutes of Health (NIH): Information Security Awareness OR Privacy Awareness. Both are available at this URL: http://irtsectraining.nih.gov/.  Each course takes 30-60 minutes to complete, and you must upload and submit your completion certificate to the along with the essay for this week.

Module 4: Discussion Question

Discuss the influence of age on the conclusion that a piece of technology is or is not user-friendly.  Think of specific examples where the age of the user might be a factor in the perception that technology is user-friendly.

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 4: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete ALL THREE of the Professional Development exercises.

• Develop a workflow analysis of the patient flow in the Emergency Department. This will include the time the patient enters the ED to the time they interact with the following:
  • Receptionist
  • Triage Nurse
  • Assigned Nurse
  • Physician
  • Lab and/or Imaging
  • Admit to floor or discharge to home
• Make sure to include SmartArt to delineate the different areas within the workflow and include a key.
• Read the Following and Answer Questions

“In my experience consulting, I have seen several examples of organizations that incorporate the printing of paper reports, which replicate information that has been entered and is available with the electronic patient record. These reports are often reviewed, signed, and acted on instead of the electronic information.

Despite the knowledge that the information contained in these reports was outdated the moment the report was printed and the very nature of using the report for workflow is an inefficient practice, this method of clinical workflow is prevalent in many hospitals across the United States. There is an underlying fear that drives the decision to mold a paper-based workflow around clinical technology. There is also a lack of the appropriate amount of integration that would otherwise allow this information to be available in an electronic form.”

• How does workflow analysis help practicing nurses?
• Can we mold paper-based workflows into clinical information systems? Explain your answer.
• Imagine that you are the INS charged with implementing the use of electronic records. What strategies could you use to promote a seamless transition?

Please submit one APA formatted analysis consisting of 500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Module 5: Discussion Question

Telehealth technology has extended the arms of traditional health care delivery into homes, clinics, and other environments outside the bricks and mortar of hospitals. Will the increased use of these telehealth technology tools be viewed as “de-humanizing” patient care or will they be viewed as a means to promote more contact with healthcare providers and new ways for people to “stay connected” (as online disease support groups), thereby creating better long term disease management and patient satisfaction?

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 5: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete ALL THREE of the Professional Development exercises.

• Conduct a literature search to locate a nursing intervention delivered via telehealth. Summarize the findings of the literature review in the form of a table. This table should include the article title, database used, summarize the key points of article, summarize findings, Is this applicable to patient population
• Imagine that you are a public health informatics specialist and you and your colleagues have determined that the threat of a new strain of influenza indicates a need for a mass inoculation program. What public health data would have been used to determine the need for such a program and what data will be collected to determine the success of such a program?
• What are the ethical considerations related to interoperability and a shared electronic health record?

Please submit the literature review table and one APA formatted analysis for bullets 2 and 3 between 500-1000 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Module 6: Discussion Question

How will the advent of information literacy affect nursing informatics in the 21st century?

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 6: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete ALL THREE of the exercises.

During rounds Charles encounters a rare condition he has never personally seen, and only vaguely remembers hearing about in nursing school. He takes a few moments to prepare himself by searching the Internet. That evening, he researches even further to treat, administer, and assess the patient safely. He searches clinical databases online and his own school textbooks. Most of the information seems consistent, yet some factors vary. Charles wants to provide the highest quality in patient safety.

• 1. What should Charles do when he encounters information in two sources that is directly contradictory? Which resources are the most trusted? Which resources are the most accurate? What criteria should Charles use to identify credible resources to enhance his clinical practice?
• 2. Practice extracting data from a database at the https://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/index.html webpage. Compare and contrast data from at least 2 different states based on incidence by gender and race/ethnicity.
• 3. Visit the https://search.ahrq.gov/search?q=nursing&search_icon.x=0&search_icon.y=0 webpage.
  • Choose one of the guidelines and describe how it was developed and summarize the practice recommendations
  • How are these recommendations similar to or different from those contained in your textbook or those currently practiced in your clinical setting?
  • Choose a clinical topic and design a search strategy for searching an online database such as CINAHL or MEDLINE. Reflect on your search strategy, for example, what search terms did you initially use, what new terms did you discover as you searched, how did you limit/refine your search?

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Module 7: Discussion Question

• What are some of the forces behind the push towards a more wired learning experience in nursing education?

Module 7: Assignment

Assignment:

It can take several hours of game play to learn the mechanics of some games, even longer for the more complex games. If subject matter learning can occur only after this initial game mechanic learning has taken place, educators need to justify the amount of time a learner spends in the game environment. User interaction is important in this type of learning and evaluation of success might be measured by user knowledge enhancement and be able to use that new knowledge in real-life situations.

For this assignment, create a PowerPoint® or Prezi® presentation covering this content:

Design an educational simulation scenario incorporating the use of an electronic health record (EHR) and answer the following questions:

• Title Slide (1 slide)
• Which informatics competencies would you focus on and why? (2 slides)
• What strategies will you use to encourage user engagement and interaction with the simulation? (2 slides)
• What strategies will you use to measure user knowledge engagement from interaction with the simulation? (2 slides)
• How can virtual reality, simulations, and real-life scenarios be designed to provide optimal education? (2 slides)
• How might available resources and technology differ in an urban environment versus a rural environment? (2 slides)
• How might virtual reality, simulations, and real-life scenarios be integrated into the nursing school curriculum to increase patient, practitioner, and hospital safety?
• References Slide (1 Slide)

An example of a quality presentation is located in the Resources tab and make certain to include an audio explanation and detailed speaker notes on all content slides, and use at least 5 references.

Module 8: Discussion Question

The study of genomics is helping clinicians to understand better the interaction between genes and the environment. This new information and knowledge will continue to help clinicians find ways to improve health and prevent disease. How do you envision patient care will change based on genomics in 10 years, 20 years, or 50 years in the future?

Your initial posting should be 250 to 350 words in length and utilize at least one scholarly source other than the textbook. Please reply to at least two classmates. Replies to classmates should be between 150 and 200 words in length. To properly “thread” your discussion posting, please click on REPLY.

Module 8: Assignment

Assignment:

Please complete ALL THREE of the Professional Development exercises.

1. Some institutions that require students to develop e-portfolios as a part of their program of study also may use this evidence of student learning to evaluate the program quality or generate evidence for accreditation reports. What do you think should be the driving purpose behind requiring electronic portfolios – professional development planning or institutional evaluation? What are the merits of each approach?

2. Conduct a literature search for a scholarly article about e-Portfolios and how they are used in nursing. Summarize the findings, and discuss how this may be applicable within your nursing practice.

3. Investigate a healthcare informatics technology trend

• • Use both Internet sites and library resources to describe the trend.
  • Cover both hardware and software requirements.
  • Discuss considerations for implementing the trend.
  • Discuss how the technology trend will impact nursing knowledge and/or practice.

Please submit one APA formatted paper 1000 words, not including the title and reference page. Each assignment should have a minimum of two scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

FAQs

What is the foundation of knowledge model in nursing?

In nursing, the foundation of knowledge is built on several key models and theories that guide the practice, education, and research within the field. One prominent framework is the Nursing Theory. Nursing theories provide a systematic and organized way to understand, explain, and predict nursing phenomena. They help to define the principles and values that underpin nursing practice. Some of the foundational nursing theories include:

1. Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory: Developed by Florence Nightingale, this theory emphasizes the significance of the environment in influencing the health and well-being of individuals. It underscores the importance of a clean, well-ventilated, and supportive environment in the healing process.
2. Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory: Henderson’s theory focuses on meeting the basic human needs of patients to help them regain independence. It identifies 14 fundamental needs, ranging from breathing and eating to communication and learning.
3. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory: Orem’s theory revolves around the idea that individuals have the ability for self-care, but when they are unable to meet their self-care needs, nursing intervention becomes necessary to restore health.
4. Betty Neuman’s Systems Model: Neuman’s model views individuals as dynamic systems that respond to stressors in their environment. It emphasizes the role of nursing in helping individuals maintain a balance and stability in the face of these stressors.
5. Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory: Peplau’s theory focuses on the nurse-patient relationship and the therapeutic use of interpersonal processes to facilitate healing. It highlights the nurse’s role in helping patients overcome health challenges.
6. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring: Watson’s theory emphasizes the importance of a caring relationship between the nurse and the patient. It views nursing as a holistic endeavor that involves caring for the patient’s physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
7. Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory: Leininger’s theory emphasizes the importance of culturally competent care. It recognizes the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices and advocates for nursing care that is sensitive to the cultural background of the patient.

How can cognitive theory help the informatics nurse in designing decision-making tools?

Cognitive theory can significantly contribute to the design of decision-making tools for informatics nurses by providing insights into how individuals process information, make decisions, and interact with technology. Here are several ways in which cognitive theory can inform the design of decision-making tools:

1. Understanding Information Processing: Cognitive theories, such as information processing models, help informatic nurses understand how individuals acquire, encode, store, and retrieve information. This understanding is crucial in designing decision-making tools that present information in a format that is easy to comprehend and retain.
2. Consideration of Cognitive Load: Cognitive load theory emphasizes the limitations of cognitive resources and the impact of information overload on decision-making. In designing tools, informatics nurses can use this theory to optimize the presentation of information, ensuring that the cognitive load is manageable for users. This may involve simplifying complex information, providing clear visuals, and minimizing irrelevant details.
3. Supporting Decision-Making Heuristics: Cognitive theories, including heuristics and biases, shed light on the mental shortcuts and patterns people use in decision-making. Informatics nurses can design decision support tools that align with these heuristics, providing prompts or suggestions that resonate with the way individuals naturally think and make decisions.
4. User-Centered Design Principles: Cognitive theory aligns with user-centered design principles by emphasizing the importance of understanding users’ mental models and workflows. Informatics nurses can apply this knowledge to create decision-making tools that are intuitive, user-friendly, and align with the mental models of the nurses using the system.
5. Feedback and Cognitive Feedback Loops: Cognitive theories highlight the significance of feedback in the learning and decision-making process. Decision support tools can incorporate feedback mechanisms that provide users with information about the outcomes of their decisions. This helps in reinforcing positive decision-making patterns and facilitating continuous learning.
6. Adaptability and Flexibility: Cognitive theories recognize individual differences in cognitive abilities and preferences. Designing decision-making tools with adaptability and flexibility allows users to customize the interface or decision support features to better match their cognitive needs and preferences.
7. Human-Computer Interaction Principles: Principles from cognitive psychology contribute to human-computer interaction (HCI) design. Informatics nurses can leverage HCI principles to create decision-making tools that optimize the interaction between the user and the technology, enhancing the overall usability and effectiveness of the tools.

What are three ways nursing informatics can be used to improve patient outcomes?

Nursing informatics plays a crucial role in improving patient outcomes by leveraging technology and information management to enhance the quality and safety of patient care. Here are three ways nursing informatics can contribute to better patient outcomes:

1. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS):
   • Definition: CDSS are computerized tools that assist healthcare professionals in making clinical decisions by providing evidence-based information and recommendations.
   • Impact on Patient Outcomes: Nursing informatics can implement CDSS to assist nurses in making timely and informed decisions at the point of care. These systems can help identify potential risks, suggest appropriate interventions, and ensure adherence to evidence-based guidelines, ultimately leading to improved patient safety and outcomes.
2. Electronic Health Records (EHRs):
   • Definition: EHRs are digital versions of patients’ paper charts, containing comprehensive health information that is easily accessible to authorized healthcare providers.
   • Impact on Patient Outcomes: Nursing informatics facilitates the adoption and effective use of EHRs, enabling seamless information sharing among healthcare providers. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient’s medical history, medications, and treatment plans. This accessibility to real-time, accurate information promotes coordinated and patient-centered care, reducing errors, improving communication among healthcare teams, and enhancing overall patient outcomes.
3. Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring:
   • Definition: Telehealth involves the use of technology to provide healthcare services remotely, while remote patient monitoring (RPM) involves the collection and transmission of patient data from outside the traditional healthcare setting.
   • Impact on Patient Outcomes: Nursing informatics supports the implementation of telehealth and RPM, enabling nurses to monitor patients’ vital signs, provide virtual consultations, and deliver ongoing care remotely. This approach is particularly beneficial for managing chronic conditions, preventing hospital readmissions, and ensuring continuity of care. By facilitating timely interventions and reducing the need for in-person visits, nursing informatics contributes to improved patient outcomes and enhanced patient satisfaction.